Cartoon-StyleGAN 🙃 : Fine-tuning StyleGAN2 for Cartoon Face Generation

Abstract

Recent studies have shown remarkable success in the unsupervised image to image (I2I) translation. However, due to the imbalance in the data, learning joint distribution for various domains is still very challenging. Although existing models can generate realistic target images, it’s difficult to maintain the structure of the source image. In addition, training a generative model on large data in multiple domains requires a lot of time and computer resources. To address these limitations, I propose a novel image-to-image translation method that generates images of the target domain by finetuning a stylegan2 pretrained model. The stylegan2 model is suitable for unsupervised I2I translation on unbalanced datasets; it is highly stable, produces realistic images, and even learns properly from limited data when applied with simple fine-tuning techniques. Thus, in this project, I propose new methods to preserve the structure of the source images and generate realistic images in the target domain.

Inference Notebook

🎉 You can do this task in colab ! :

Arxiv

[NEW!] 2021.08.30 Streamlit Ver

• cartoon-stylegan streamlit inference repo

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1. Method

Baseline : StyleGAN2-ADA + FreezeD

It generates realistic images, but does not maintain the structure of the source domain.

Ours : FreezeSG (Freeze Style vector and Generator)

FreezeG is effective in maintaining the structure of the source image. As a result of various experiments, I found that not only the initial layer of the generator but also the initial layer of the style vector are important for maintaining the structure. Thus, I froze the low-resolution layer of both the generator and the style vector.

Freeze Style vector and Generator

Results

With Layer Swapping

When LS is applied, the generated images by FreezeSG have a higher similarity to the source image than when FreezeG or the baseline (FreezeD + ADA) were used. However, since this fixes the weights of the low-resolution layer of the generator, it is difficult to obtain meaningful results when layer swapping on the low-resolution layer.

Ours : Structure Loss

Based on the fact that the structure of the image is determined at low resolution, I apply structure loss to the values of the low-resolution layer so that the generated image is similar to the image in the source domain. The structure loss makes the RGB output of the source generator to be fine-tuned to have a similar value with the RGB output of the target generator during training.

Results

Compare

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2. Application : Change Facial Expression / Pose

I applied various models(ex. Indomain-GAN, SeFa, StyleCLIP…) to change facial expression, posture, style, etc.

(1) Closed Form Factorization(SeFa)

• Closed-Form Factorization of Latent Semantics in GANs

Pose

Slim Face

(2) StyleCLIP – Latent Optimization

Inspired by StyleCLIP that manipulates generated images with text, I change the faces of generated cartoon characters by text. I used the latent optimization method among the three methods of StyleCLIP and additionally introduced styleclip strength. It allows the latent vector to linearly move in the direction of the optimized latent vector, making the image change better with text.

with baseline model(FreezeD)

with our model(structureLoss)

(3) Style Mixing

Style-Mixing

When mixing layers, I found specifics layers that make a face. While the overall structure (hair style, facial shape, etc.) and texture (skin color and texture) were maintained, only the face(eyes, nose and mouth) was changed.

Results

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3. Requirements

I have tested on:

• PyTorch 1.8.0, CUDA 11.1
• Docker : pytorch/pytorch:1.8.0-cuda11.1-cudnn8-devel

Installation

Clone this repo :

git clone https://github.com/happy-jihye/Cartoon-StyleGan2
cd Cartoon-StyleGan2

Pretrained Models

Please download the pre-trained models from the following links.

Path	Description
StyleGAN2-FFHQ256	StyleGAN2 pretrained model(256px) with FFHQ dataset from Rosinality
StyleGAN2-Encoder	In-Domain GAN Inversion model with FFHQ dataset from Bryandlee
NaverWebtoon	FreezeD + ADA with NaverWebtoon Dataset
NaverWebtoon_FreezeSG	FreezeSG with NaverWebtoon Dataset
NaverWebtoon_StructureLoss	StructureLoss with NaverWebtoon Dataset
Romance101	FreezeD + ADA with Romance101 Dataset
TrueBeauty	FreezeD + ADA with TrueBeauty Dataset
Disney	FreezeD + ADA with Disney Dataset
Disney_FreezeSG	FreezeSG with Disney Dataset
Disney_StructureLoss	StructureLoss with Disney Dataset
Metface_FreezeSG	FreezeSG with Metface Dataset
Metface_StructureLoss	StructureLoss with Metface Dataset

If you want to download all of the pretrained model, you can use download_pretrained_model() function in utils.py.

Dataset

I experimented with a variety of datasets, including Naver Webtoon, Metfaces, and Disney.

NaverWebtoon Dataset contains facial images of webtoon characters serialized on Naver. I made this dataset by crawling webtoons from Naver’s webtoons site and cropping the faces to 256 x 256 sizes. There are about 15 kinds of webtoons and 8,000 images(not aligned). I trained the entire Naver Webtoon dataset, and I also trained each webtoon in this experiment

I was also allowed to share a pretrained model with writers permission to use datasets. Thank you for the writers (Yaongyi, Namsoo, justinpinkney) who gave us permission.

Getting Started !

1. Prepare LMDB Dataset

First create lmdb datasets:

python prepare_data.py --out LMDB_PATH --n_worker N_WORKER --size SIZE1,SIZE2,SIZE3,... DATASET_PATH

# if you have zip file, change it to lmdb datasets by this commend
python run.py --prepare_data=DATASET_PATH --zip=ZIP_NAME --size SIZE

2. Train

# StyleGAN2
python train.py --batch BATCH_SIZE LMDB_PATH
# ex) python train.py --batch=8 --ckpt=ffhq256.pt --freezeG=4 --freezeD=3 --augment --path=LMDB_PATH

# StructureLoss
# ex) python train.py --batch=8 --ckpt=ffhq256.pt --structure_loss=2 --freezeD=3 --augment --path=LMDB_PATH

# FreezeSG
# ex) python train.py --batch=8 --ckpt=ffhq256.pt --freezeStyle=2 --freezeG=4 --freezeD=3 --augment --path=LMDB_PATH


# Distributed Settings
python train.py --batch BATCH_SIZE --path LMDB_PATH \
    -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=N_GPU --main_port=PORT

Options

1. Project images to latent spaces

   python projector.py --ckpt [CHECKPOINT] --size [GENERATOR_OUTPUT_SIZE] FILE1 FILE2 ...
   

2. Closed-Form Factorization

   You can use closed_form_factorization.py and apply_factor.py to discover meaningful latent semantic factor or directions in unsupervised manner.

   First, you need to extract eigenvectors of weight matrices using closed_form_factorization.py

   python closed_form_factorization.py [CHECKPOINT]
   

   This will create factor file that contains eigenvectors. (Default: factor.pt) And you can use apply_factor.py to test the meaning of extracted directions

   python apply_factor.py -i [INDEX_OF_EIGENVECTOR] -d [DEGREE_OF_MOVE] -n [NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES] --ckpt [CHECKPOINT] [FACTOR_FILE]
   # ex) python apply_factor.py -i 19 -d 5 -n 10 --ckpt [CHECKPOINT] factor.pt
   

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StyleGAN2-ada + FreezeD

During the experiment, I also carried out a task to generate a cartoon image based on Nvidia Team's StyleGAN2-ada code. When training these models, I didn't control the dataset resolution(256px)😂. So the quality of the generated image can be broken.

You can practice based on this code at Colab :

Generated-Image	Interpolation

Reference

• rosinality/stylegan2-pytorch
• bryandlee/FreezeG
• justinpinkney/toonify