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本文主要讲述,在微信小程序中如何使用redux

DEMO

需要解决的问题

  1. 如何在小程序中引入redux状态管理库,及它相关的插件?
  2. 微信小程序没有清晰的异步api,便于thunkMiddleware处理异步请求(异步操作),如何解决?
  3. 如何正确使用store的三大核心方法(getStore dispatch subscribe)?

redux并不是react专属,所以他可以在任何地方使用,小程序也不例外。解决上面三个问题就可以了。

问题一: 如何在小程序中引入redux状态管理库,及它相关的插件?

  1. 使用npm在临时目录里安装redux和其他你需要用到的包,如:logger thunkMiddleware。这里以redux示例。
  2. 进入node_module中,拷贝如下文件:\redux\dist\redux.js或者\redux\dist\redux.min.js
  3. 根据1/2中的步骤。把redux.js logger.js thunkMiddleware都拷贝到小程序项目文件夹\module目录下,没有请新建。

问题二: 微信小程序没有清晰的异步api,便于thunkMiddleware处理异步请求(异步操作),如何解决?

前面有文章已经写过,如何将微信异步api转换为Promise,便于异步编程:把微信小程序异步API转为Promise,简化异步编程

读完会,把to-promise库和redux一样放在\module文件夹下

问题三:如何正确使用store的三大方法(getStore dispatch subscribe)?

这也是最关键的

  1. app.js中创建store
//app.js
import reducer from './reducer/index'
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from './module/redux'
import logger from './module/redux-logger'
import thunkMiddleware from './module/redux-thunk'

//创建redux store
export const store = createStore(
  reducer,
  applyMiddleware(
    logger,//用于控制台state调试
    thunkMiddleware//用于处理异步action
  )
)

App({
    //...
})
  1. 编写action
// 项目根目录/action/http3Steps.js

export const REQUSET_BEGIN = 'REQUEST_BEGIN'
export const RECEIVED = 'RECEIVED'
export const REQUEST_FAILED = 'REQUEST_FAILED'

//创建三个请求http事务时的状态action,用于处理通用http请求
//1 请求开始;2 收到请求;3 请求失败
export const requestBegin = (requestName) => ({
  type: REQUSET_BEGIN + requestName
})

export const received = (requestName, res) => ({
  type: RECEIVED + requestName,
  res
})

export const requestFailed = (requestName, err) => ({
  type: REQUEST_FAILED + requestName,
  err
})

编写索引action:

// 项目根目录/action/index.js

import { requestBegin, received, requestFailed } from './http3Steps'
import toPromise from '../module/to-promise'

//微信小程序没有提供Promise版本的异步api
//我封装了一个库,把微信小程序异步api转化为Promise,用于处理redux中的异步action
//项目地址:https://github.com/tornoda/to-promise
//使用方法见blog:https://www.cnblogs.com/looyulong/p/9471424.html
const toPromiseWx = toPromise(wx)
const request = toPromiseWx('request')

//这是一个同步的action
export const INCREASE = 'INCREASE'

export const increase = {
  type: INCREASE
}

//这是一个异步action
//网络请求action
//根据redux官网的介绍,它应该是一个Promise,但是微信小程序没有提供Promise版本的异步api,需要使用上面提到的工具库
export const GAME_LIST = '_GAME_LIST'

export const fetch = (requestName, option) => {
  return (dispatch) => {
    dispatch(requestBegin(requestName))//请求开始,更新state状态
    return request(option)
      .then(
        (res) => { dispatch(received(requestName, res)); return res },//请求成功,把返回的信息在state中更新
        (err) => { dispatch(requestFailed(requestName, err)) }//请求失败,把失败的信息在state中更新
      )
  }
}

  1. 编写处理action的reducer
// 项目根目录/reducer/index.js

import { INCREASE } from '../actions/index'
import { GAME_LIST } from '../actions/index'
import { REQUSET_BEGIN, RECEIVED, REQUEST_END } from '../actions/http3Steps'
import { combineReducers } from "../module/redux";

//这是处理本例子中同步action的reducer
export const disposeIncrease = (state = 0, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case INCREASE:
      console.log('redux is worked')
      return state + 1
    default:
      return state
  }
}

//这是处理本例中异步的reducer
const preState = {}

export const disposeFetch = (state = preState, action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case REQUSET_BEGIN + GAME_LIST:
      return {
        ...state,
        status: 'REQUEST_BEGIN',
      }
    case RECEIVED + GAME_LIST:
      return {
        ...state,
        status: 'RECEIVED',
        res: action.res
      }
    case REQUEST_END + GAME_LIST:
      return {
        ...state,
        status: 'REQUEST_END',
        err: action.err
      }
    default:
      return state
  }
}

//按照state的结构组合起来
export default combineReducers({
  theIncreasingNo: disposeIncrease,
  asyncData: disposeFetch
})
  1. 让state变化时自动更新ui视图

方法很简单,在pageindex.js中的onLoad函数里面调用store.subscribe()方法监听局部data.

  onLoad: function () {
    const _this = this
    //在onLoad函数中订阅state的更新
    //如果state变化,对应ui就会更新
    subscribe(() => {
      const { asyncData: { status }, theIncreasingNo } = getState()
      _this.setData({
        syncData: `
          请求状态:${status}, 
          返回的数据请查看控制台
        `,
        number: theIncreasingNo
      })
    })
  }
  1. 触发动作,发出action,改变state
//index.js
import { store } from '../../app'
import { increase, fetch, GAME_LIST } from '../../actions/index'

const { dispatch, subscribe, getState } = store

Page({
  data: {
    syncData: 'Hello World',
    number: '0',
  },
  onLoad: function () {
    const _this = this
    //发出一个异步action
    dispatch(fetch(GAME_LIST, {
      url: 'http://open.douyucdn.cn/api/RoomApi/game'
    })).then((data) => { console.log(data) })
    //在onLoad函数中订阅state的更新
    //如果state变化,对应ui就会更新
    subscribe(() => {
      const { asyncData: { status }, theIncreasingNo } = getState()
      _this.setData({
        syncData: `
          请求状态:${status}, 
          返回的数据请查看控制台
        `,
        number: theIncreasingNo
      })
    })
  },
  testSyncAction: function () {
    //发出一个同步action
    dispatch(increase)
  }
})

如下图:

可以在控制台查看每步修改前后得state了

源文件

DEMO地址

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