The PLUS model integrates a rule mining framework based on Land Expansion Analysis Strategy (LEAS) and a CA model based on multi-type Random Patch Seeds (CARS), which was used to understand the drivers of land expansion and project landscape dynamics.

MUSE is an urban expansion-oriented open-access land change simulation software built upon cellular automata modeling scheme. It used multiple patch generation engines to emulate the process of urban development, thus scaling up the representation of urban development events from cell to patch level, in line with real-world mechanisms.