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水火箭手册 | ||
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要计算水火箭能飞多高,需要考虑多种因素,包括水火箭的结构、材料、气压、水的重量等。 | ||
下面是一个基于 500ml 可乐瓶的水火箭的设计方案和计算方法: | ||
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## 一、设计方案 | ||
### 材料: | ||
- 500ml 可乐瓶 1 个 | ||
- 打气筒 1 个 | ||
- 硬纸板若干 | ||
- 胶带若干 | ||
- 剪刀 1 把 | ||
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### 制作步骤: | ||
将可乐瓶的底部剪掉,留下瓶口和瓶身。 | ||
在瓶口处用硬纸板制作一个圆锥形的头部,用胶带固定在瓶口上。 | ||
在瓶身下方用硬纸板制作一个三角形的尾部,用胶带固定在瓶身上。 | ||
在尾部的中心位置钻一个小孔,用于安装打气筒的气管。 | ||
将打气筒的气管插入尾部的小孔中,用胶带固定。 | ||
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## 二、计算方法 | ||
计算水火箭的重量: | ||
水火箭的重量主要包括可乐瓶、头部和尾部的重量。假设可乐瓶的重量为 40g,头部和尾部的重量为 20g,则水火箭的总重量为。 | ||
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计算水火箭的推力: | ||
水火箭的推力主要来自于打气筒打入的空气。根据理想气体状态方程,可以计算出打气筒打入的空气的体积。 | ||
假设打气筒打入的空气的压力为,体积为,温度为。当空气进入水火箭后,压力变为,体积变为,温度变为。由于打气筒打入的空气的质量没有变化, | ||
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## 三、实验过程 | ||
将水火箭放在空旷的地方,用打气筒向瓶内充气,直到气压达到 4-5 个大气压。 | ||
迅速将打气筒的气管拔出,用手堵住小孔,防止气体泄漏。 | ||
等待几秒钟,直到水火箭的气压稳定。 | ||
将手从小孔上移开,水火箭会迅速发射出去,飞行高度可达数十米。 | ||
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## 四、注意事项 | ||
在制作和发射水火箭时,需要注意安全,避免对自己和他人造成伤害。 | ||
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## 参考 | ||
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- 水火箭模拟器 🚀 | ||
模拟水火箭的上升轨迹,向用户显示不同的参数,如高度、速度、飞行路径角度、罐内空气压力,以及计算发射之间的总时间和最大高度点。 | ||
https://github.com/DrDavxr/Water-Rocket-Simulator | ||
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- Javascript 编写的水火箭模拟器 | ||
https://github.com/cjheath/wrocksim | ||
https://cjh.polyplex.org/rockets/simulation/ | ||
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- PET 瓶水火箭翅片 | ||
https://github.com/adrianschlatter/RocketFins | ||
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