Refactoring

[leonlan]

Closes #58. This PR:

• Introduces a single Environment with classmethods for the EURO-NeurIPS variant as well as our paper variant.
• Introduces the SamplingMethod protocol.
• Introduces the ConsensFunction protocol.
• Removes iteration-specific thresholds.

[leonlan]

@N-Wouda Could you have a quick look at this? You don't have to look at the details, just a high-level review of the main points (listed in the PR) would be already enough!

[N-Wouda]

I'll have a look at this in a minute!

[N-Wouda]

LGTM, few comments. I didn't look at the Environment in great detail, but it seems to do what it should do so no comments there.

[N-Wouda]

Should this have values of type ConsensusFunction?

[leonlan]

mypy complains about this:

agents/consensus/__init__.py:7: error: Dict entry 0 has incompatible type "str": "Callable[[List[Tuple[Dict[Any, Any], List[List[int]]]], Dict[Any, Any], Any, Any, float, float], Tuple[Any, Any]]"; expected "str": "ConsensusFunction"  [dict-item]
agents/consensus/__init__.py:8: error: Dict entry 1 has incompatible type "str": "Callable[[List[Tuple[Dict[Any, Any], List[List[int]]]], Dict[Any, Any], Any, Any, float], Any]"; expected "str": "ConsensusFunction"  [dict-item]
agents/consensus/__init__.py:9: error: Dict entry 2 has incompatible type "str": "Callable[[List[Tuple[Dict[Any, Any], List[List[int]]]], Any, Any, Any, float, int, float], Tuple[Any, Any]]"; expected "str": "ConsensusFunction"  [dict-item]

I couldn't really figure out how to get this to work. Tried to add **kwargs to ConsensusFunction but that didn't work either. I'm OK with this now, at least it's a bit more explicit then what I had before :-)