Linux Operating System

Network

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+3.1.1) Definition: -
+Network scanning is a procedure for identifying active devices on a network by employing a feature or features in the network protocol to signal devices and await a response. During a network scan, all the active devices on the network send signals, and once the response is received, the scanner evaluates the results and checks to see if there are inconsistencies.
+
+
+3.1.2) Purpose of Network Scanning: -
+Network scanning is mainly used for security assessment, system maintenance, and also for performing attacks by hackers.
+The purpose of network scanning is as follows:
+
+•	Recognize available UDP and TCP network services running on the targeted hosts.
+•	Recognize filtering systems between the user and the targeted hosts.
+•	Determine the operating systems (OSs) in use by assessing IP responses.
+•	Evaluate the target host's TCP sequence number predictability to determine sequence prediction attack and TCP spoofing.

linux/016-Linux_Operating System.md

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+---
+id: 016-Linux_Operating System.md
+title: Linux Operating Systems
+tags: Linux, OS, Windows
+date: 2022-10-27 12:10:39 +0200
+keywords: Linux, CMD< Operating Systems
+categories: Operating Systems
+cover: assets/images/mic.svg
+author: Sai Tarrun
+meta-description: The Evolution of Linux Operating Systems
+---
+
+# LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM INTRODUCTION 
+
+Linux includes a great many facilities and capabilities, so after you get past
+the initial installation and configuration, you probably want to use your
+system to do something. Here’s where the doing begins! 
+
+We Find how to use Internet tools like Web browsers (Firefox!),
+e-mail, instant messaging, and more.
+
+Then you discover how to edit text files,
+and then go whole hog with word processors and other office suite programs
+thanks to OpenOffice.org.  The fun stuff is in this part too, like how to use
+audio and video in the Linux world, and how to access software and formats
+that you’re told are only available to Windows users
+
+## EVOLUTION OF LINUX
+An operating system is the software that runs your computer, handling all
+interactions between you and the hardware. Whether you’re writing a letter,
+calculating a budget, or managing your recipes on your computer, the
+operating system provides the essential air that your computer breathes.
+
+Furthermore, an operating system isn’t just one program; it consists of 
+hundreds of smaller programs and utilities that allow us humans to use a 
+computer to do something useful. You then run other programs (such as your
+word processor) on top of the operating system to get everything done.
+
+Linux has been accused of being “just another operating system.” On the surface,
+it may appear so, but if you look deeper, you can see that this isn’t so.
+The Linux project is a flagship leading the current trend toward open-source
+and free (as in “freedom,” not “free beer”) software within the computing
+industry. A rock-solid operating system because of the model under which it
+was (and continues to be) developed, Linux represents much that is good in
+software development

linux/Linux_OS.md

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+# Linux 
+
+An operating system is the software that runs your computer, handling all
+interactions between you and the hardware. Whether you’re writing a letter,
+calculating a budget, or managing your recipes on your computer, the
+operating system provides the essential air that your computer breathes.
+Furthermore, an operating system isn’t just one program; it consists of hundreds of smaller programs and utilities that allow us humans to use a computer to do something useful. You then run other programs (such as your
+word processor) on top of the operating system to get everything done.
+Linux has been accused of being “just another operating system.” On the surface, it may appear so, but if you look deeper, you can see that this isn’t so.
+The Linux project is a flagship leading the current trend toward open-source
+and free (as in “freedom,” not “free beer”) software within the computing
+industry. A rock-solid operating system because of the model under which it
+was (and continues to be) developed, Linux represents much that is good in
+software development.
+
+# Getting Acquainted with Linux 11
+Two fundamental distinctions separate Linux from the rest of the operatingsystem pack:
+ ✓ Linux is licensed under the unique and ingenious GNU General Public
+License, which you can read about in the next section.
+ ✓ Linux is developed and maintained by a worldwide team of volunteer
+and paid programmers working together over the Internet.
+Linux is great for many reasons, including the fact that the folks who built it
+from the ground up wanted it to be all the following:
+ ✓ Multiuser: More than one user can be logged in to a single computer at
+one time.
+ ✓ Multiprocesser: True pre-emptive multitasking enables the operating system’s core to efficiently juggle several programs running at once. This is
+important for providing multiple services on one computer.
+ ✓ Multiplatform: Linux currently runs on more than 24 platforms (hardware types), including 32- and 64-bit Intel-based PCs, Digital/Compaq
+Alpha, all variants of the Apple Macintosh, Sun SPARC, the Apple iPod,
+and even the Microsoft Xbox.
+ ✓ Interoperable: Linux plays nice with most network protocols (languages) and operating systems, allowing you to interact with users
+and computers running Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Novell NetWare,
+Macintosh computers, and other groups that occupy smaller market
+niches.
+ ✓ Scalable: As your computing needs grow, you can rely on Linux to grow
+with you. The same Linux operating system can run on a tiny electronic
+photo frame, a desktop computer, or a very large, industrial-strength
+server system.
+ ✓ Portable: Linux is mostly written in the C programming language. C is
+a language created specifically for writing operating-system-level software and can be readily ported (translated) to run on new computer
+hardware.
+ ✓ Flexible: You can configure the Linux operating system as a network
+host, router, graphical workstation, office productivity PC, home entertainment computer, file server, Web server, cluster, or just about any
+other computing appliance you can think of.
+12 Part I: Getting Your Feet Wet
+ ✓ Stable: The Linux kernel (the heart of the operating system) has
+achieved a level of maturity that makes most software developers
+envious. It’s not uncommon to hear reports of Linux servers running
+for years without crashing.
+ ✓ Efficient: The modular design of Linux enables you to include only the
+components needed to run your desired services. Even older Pentium
+computers can utilize Linux and become useful again.
+ ✓ Free!: To most people, the most intriguing aspect of Linux is the fact
+that it’s often available free of charge. How (the capitalists murmur) can
+anyone build a better mousetrap with no incentive of direct monetary
+return?