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Start coverage-illustration page for intervals of existence
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| #!/usr/bin/make -f | ||
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| # Portions of this file contributed by NIST are governed by the | ||
| # following statement: | ||
| # | ||
| # This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards | ||
| # and Technology by employees of the Federal Government in the course | ||
| # of their official duties. Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the | ||
| # United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright | ||
| # protection within the United States. NIST assumes no responsibility | ||
| # whatsoever for its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, | ||
| # expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other | ||
| # characteristic. | ||
| # | ||
| # We would appreciate acknowledgement if the software is used. | ||
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| include ../src/illustration-basedir.mk |
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| <!-- Look for TODOs. --> | ||
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| # Existence Intervals | ||
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| This example demonstrates various ontologies' representations of the period of time in which a thing exists. Some effort is put into describing differences in representing the existence of endurants vs. perdurants. | ||
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| Take as an example a thing---and the thing might be endurant, perdurant, physical, cyber, thought, event, etc.---that exists starting at a time `t0` and ceases to exist at a time `t1`. In the illustrations below, the start will be labeled `t0`, the end `t1`, the interval bounded by start and end `i`, the thing `t`. | ||
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| The starting time of this thing is `2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z`. The ending time of this thing is `2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z`. Each illustration goes as far as it can with concepts in the referenced ontology to eventually tie the thing `t` to these timestamp-literals. Where available, reified "instant" objects will be favored over literal-valued properties. | ||
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|  | ||
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| This suggests a mapping table: | ||
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| | Example class or triple | Corresponding class or triple | | ||
| | --- | --- | | ||
| | `ex:TimeBoundedThing` | ... | | ||
| | `ex:ExistenceInterval` | ... | | ||
| | `ex:Instant` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasExistenceInterval kb:E` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:existsAtAndSince kb:T0` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:existsUntil kb:T1` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasCreationTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasTerminationTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasStart kb:T0` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasEnd kb:T1` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasBeginningTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasEndingTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T0 ex:hasTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... | | ||
| | `kb:T1 ex:hasTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... | | ||
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| The mapping table is filled in for the various ontologies below with: | ||
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| * Corresponding statements (class IRIs or full triples); | ||
| * "N/A", for not-**available** when a concept is known to not be mappable now, typically because no corresponding class or property is currently defined; and | ||
| * "TBD", when a design decision can be taken, typically because of a potential class- or property-equality declaration. | ||
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| Note that "N/A" does not mean that a mapping is not possible. It only means that classes and properties are not defined at the present moment. | ||
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| <!-- | ||
| TODO - Also review whether each ontology states, or otherwise constrains, that an existence interval is unique. E.g. denote whether an object can recur, such as with some models of relationships. | ||
| --> | ||
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| ## UCO 1.3.0 | ||
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| UCO declares two property-pairs setting time boundaries: | ||
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| * `core:startTime` and `core:endTime`, used to bound `core:Event`s and `core:Relationship`s. | ||
| * `action:startTime` and `action:endTime`, used to bound `action:Action`s. | ||
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| The following table shows the time coverage for the three UCO classes that currently encode constraints on time properties: | ||
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| | UCO Class | Figure | | ||
| | --- | --- | | ||
| | `uco-action:Action` |  | | ||
| | `uco-core:Event` |  | | ||
| | `uco-core:Relationship` |  | | ||
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| The mapping for `uco-action:Action` would be as follows. | ||
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| | Example class or triple | Corresponding class or triple | | ||
| | --- | --- | | ||
| | `ex:TimeBoundedThing` | `uco-action:Action` | | ||
| | `ex:ExistenceInterval` | TBD | | ||
| | `ex:Instant` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasExistenceInterval kb:E` | TBD | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:existsAtAndSince kb:T0` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:existsUntil kb:T1` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasCreationTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | `kb:T uco-action:startTime "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasTerminationTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | `kb:T uco-action:endTime "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasStart kb:T0` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasEnd kb:T1` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasBeginningTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | TBD | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasEndingTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | TBD | | ||
| | `kb:T0 ex:hasTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T1 ex:hasTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A | | ||
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| `uco-core:Event` and `uco-core:Relationship` will look similar. | ||
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| The "TBD"s above pertain to a decision UCO can make on how endurants and perdurants relate to time, under discussion [UCO Issue 544](https://github.com/ucoProject/UCO/issues/544). | ||
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| ## OWL-Time | ||
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| OWL-Time provides the class `time:TemporalEntity`. Guidance offers options on how to relate time-things (`time:TemporalEntity`) to things that exist in time (like an activity or an object), drawn from [Section 3.1](https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/#topology). | ||
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| > The properties `:hasTemporalDuration`, `:hasBeginning` and `:hasEnd`, together with a fourth generic property `:hasTime`, support the association of temporal information with any temporal entity, such as an activity or event, or other entity. These provide a standard way to attach time information to things, which may be used directly in applications if suitable, or specialized if needed. | ||
| The following figure shows the time coverage for the general usage of `time:TemporalEntity`: | ||
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|  | ||
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| The mapping for `time:TemporalEntity` would be as follows. | ||
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| | Example class or triple | Corresponding class or triple | | ||
| | --- | --- | | ||
| | `ex:TimeBoundedThing` | `owl:Thing` | | ||
| | `ex:ExistenceInterval` | `time:TemporalEntity` | | ||
| | `ex:Instant` | `time:Instant` | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasExistenceInterval kb:E` | `kb:T time:hasTime kb:E` | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:existsAtAndSince kb:T0` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:existsUntil kb:T1` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasCreationTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T ex:hasTerminationTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasStart kb:T0` | `kb:E time:hasBeginning kb:T0` | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasEnd kb:T1` | `kb:E time:hasEnd kb:T1` | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasBeginningTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:E ex:hasEndingTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A | | ||
| | `kb:T0 ex:hasTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | `kb:T0 time:inXSDDateTime "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | | ||
| | `kb:T1 ex:hasTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | `kb:T1 time:inXSDDateTime "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | | ||
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| Some of the examples in the OWL-TIME specification include demonstrations of `time:TemporalEntity` that allow for endurants and perdurants as direct subclasses. Note that the examples section is non-normative. | ||
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| * [5.4, "iCalendar"](https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/#iCal) instantiates the endurant "Abraham Lincoln" (node `_:TE-2`). | ||
| * [5.6, "A Use Case for Scheduling"](https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/#scheduling) instantiates perdurants some teleconference and some meeting (nodes `ex:telecon` and `ex:meeting`, respectively). | ||
| * [5.7, "Alignment of PROV-O with OWL-Time"](https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/#time-prov) states that `prov:Activity` and `prov:InstantaneousEvent` can be subclasses of `time:TemporalEntity` and `time:Instant`, respectively. |
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| @prefix drafting: <http://example.org/ontology/drafting/> . | ||
| @prefix ex: <http://example.org/ontology/example/> . | ||
| @prefix gufo: <http://purl.org/nemo/gufo#> . | ||
| @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . | ||
| @prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> . | ||
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . | ||
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . | ||
| @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . | ||
| @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . | ||
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| ex:ExistenceInterval | ||
| a owl:Class ; | ||
| rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:Instant | ||
| a owl:Class ; | ||
| rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:TimeBoundedThing | ||
| a owl:Class ; | ||
| rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; | ||
| rdfs:comment "A thing with a time-bounded existence."@en ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:existsAtAndSince | ||
| a owl:ObjectProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range ex:Instant ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:existsUntil | ||
| a owl:ObjectProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range ex:Instant ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasBeginningTimestamp | ||
| a owl:DatatypeProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasCreationTimestamp | ||
| a owl:DatatypeProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasEnd | ||
| a owl:ObjectProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:ExistenceInterval ; | ||
| rdfs:range ex:Instant ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasEndingTimestamp | ||
| a owl:DatatypeProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasExistenceInterval | ||
| a owl:ObjectProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range ex:ExistenceInterval ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasStart | ||
| a owl:ObjectProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:ExistenceInterval ; | ||
| rdfs:range ex:Instant ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasTerminationTimestamp | ||
| a owl:DatatypeProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:TimeBoundedThing ; | ||
| rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; | ||
| . | ||
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| ex:hasTimestamp | ||
| a owl:DatatypeProperty ; | ||
| rdfs:domain ex:Instant ; | ||
| rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; | ||
| . | ||
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examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals.json
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| { | ||
| "@context": { | ||
| "drafting": "http://example.org/ontology/drafting/", | ||
| "ex": "http://example.org/ontology/example/", | ||
| "gufo": "http://purl.org/nemo/gufo#", | ||
| "kb": "http://example.org/kb/", | ||
| "obo": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/", | ||
| "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", | ||
| "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#", | ||
| "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", | ||
| "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", | ||
| "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#", | ||
| "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" | ||
| }, | ||
| "@graph": [ | ||
| { | ||
| "@id": "kb:TimeBoundThing-bbd18617-4118-4376-ad0c-19fb729a9b54", | ||
| "@type": "ex:TimeBoundedThing", | ||
| "ex:existsAtAndSince": { | ||
| "@id": "kb:Instant-ef0da4b8-d014-4142-b9f5-b0a0091965b8" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:existsUntil": { | ||
| "@id": "kb:Instant-a9dd29d9-c854-4cdd-917a-7de5226b389b" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:hasCreationTimestamp": { | ||
| "@type": "xsd:dateTime", | ||
| "@value": "2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:hasExistenceInterval": { | ||
| "@id": "kb:ExistenceInterval-03c8fef4-dac9-4f17-bc98-2ef468390daa" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:hasTerminationTimestamp": { | ||
| "@type": "xsd:dateTime", | ||
| "@value": "2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z" | ||
| }, | ||
| "rdfs:comment": "A thing with a time-bounded existence.", | ||
| "rdfs:label": "T" | ||
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "@id": "kb:ExistenceInterval-03c8fef4-dac9-4f17-bc98-2ef468390daa", | ||
| "@type": "ex:ExistenceInterval", | ||
| "ex:hasBeginningTimestamp": { | ||
| "@type": "xsd:dateTime", | ||
| "@value": "2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:hasEnd": { | ||
| "@id": "kb:Instant-a9dd29d9-c854-4cdd-917a-7de5226b389b" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:hasEndingTimestamp": { | ||
| "@type": "xsd:dateTime", | ||
| "@value": "2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z" | ||
| }, | ||
| "ex:hasStart": { | ||
| "@id": "kb:Instant-ef0da4b8-d014-4142-b9f5-b0a0091965b8" | ||
| }, | ||
| "rdfs:comment": "The existence interval of T.", | ||
| "rdfs:label": "E" | ||
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "@id": "kb:Instant-ef0da4b8-d014-4142-b9f5-b0a0091965b8", | ||
| "@type": "ex:Instant", | ||
| "ex:hasTimestamp": { | ||
| "@type": "xsd:dateTime", | ||
| "@value": "2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z" | ||
| }, | ||
| "rdfs:comment": "The instant that is the beginning of E.", | ||
| "rdfs:label": "T0" | ||
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "@id": "kb:Instant-a9dd29d9-c854-4cdd-917a-7de5226b389b", | ||
| "@type": "ex:Instant", | ||
| "ex:hasTimestamp": { | ||
| "@type": "xsd:dateTime", | ||
| "@value": "2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z" | ||
| }, | ||
| "rdfs:comment": "The instant that is the end of E.", | ||
| "rdfs:label": "T1" | ||
| } | ||
| ] | ||
| } |
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examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-develop-2.0.0.ttl
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| @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . | ||
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . | ||
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . | ||
| @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . | ||
| @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . | ||
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| [] | ||
| a sh:ValidationReport ; | ||
| sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ; | ||
| . | ||
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examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-develop.ttl
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| @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . | ||
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . | ||
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . | ||
| @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . | ||
| @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . | ||
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| [] | ||
| a sh:ValidationReport ; | ||
| sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ; | ||
| . | ||
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examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-unstable-2.0.0.ttl
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| @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . | ||
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . | ||
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . | ||
| @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . | ||
| @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . | ||
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| [] | ||
| a sh:ValidationReport ; | ||
| sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ; | ||
| . | ||
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examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-unstable.ttl
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| @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . | ||
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . | ||
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . | ||
| @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . | ||
| @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . | ||
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| [] | ||
| a sh:ValidationReport ; | ||
| sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ; | ||
| . | ||
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examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation.ttl
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| @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . | ||
| @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . | ||
| @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . | ||
| @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . | ||
| @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . | ||
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| [] | ||
| a sh:ValidationReport ; | ||
| sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ; | ||
| . | ||
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