A primitive action satisfies the following criteria
- An action changes or maintains the state of the object of the action
- An action is conscious.
- An action is not classified according to the type of the object of the action
- An action does not include the interpretation of the observer.
- An action is not composed of several primitive actions.
The first point means that it does not include how the action is realised. For example, when we think of the action "cut", we cannot say "cut by scissors" or "cut by knife". For example, when we think of the act of "cut", if we include what is used to cut the object, such as "cut by scissors" or "cut by knife", our vocabulary will be unlimited, depending on the combination of the state change of the object and the way to realise it. In this example, we extract only the part that expresses the state change, without regard to the method, and use only "cut" as a primitive action. The second point is that only conscious actions are considered, and unconscious actions such as "sleep" and "wake" are considered as "lay down" and "sit", respectively. Unconscious actions such as "sleep" and "wake" are represented by "lay down" and "sit", respectively. The third criterion is not to distinguish between different actions depending on what the object is. For example, if the object of the act of "grasp" is a "cup" or an "upper limb", then For example, when the object of the "grasp" action is a "cup" or an "upper limb", there is no primitive action called "grasp cup" or "grasp upper limb", respectively. The fourth criterion is to exclude actions that require interpretation by the observer. For example, only the executor of the action "think" knows whether it is being performed or not, and the observer cannot directly recognise it. We exclude such actions from the list of primitive actions. The fifth criterion is to exclude actions that multiple primitive actions can express. For example, the action "buy" can be represented by "pick up money," "carry money," and "carry item. For example, the action "buy" can be expressed as a series of primitive actions such as "pick up money," "carry money," and "carry item. Such an action is not considered a primitive action. Following the criteria, 79 words were extracted as primitive actions from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and HomeOntology. Based on these, two words were added. Table 1 shows how many terms were extracted from which resources.
ICF | HomeOntology | Added our own | HMDB51 | STAIR Actions | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1Person 0Object | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1Person 1Object | 32 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
1Person More than one object | 13 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
More than one person No Object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
More than one person One object | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
More than one person More than one object | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 51 | 28 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
- Satoshi Nishimura, Shusaku Egami, Takanori Ugai, Mikiko Oono, Koji Kitamura, and Ken Fukuda. 2022. Ontologies of Action and Object in Home Environment towards Injury Prevention. In Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs (IJCKG '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1145/3502223.3502239
- URI
http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119
- Ontology RDF
- RDF (xml)
Classes ↑
- Bending a body
- Breaking
- Breathing in
- Brushing
- Catching
- Climbing
- Climbing down
- Diving
- Driving human-powered transportation
- Drying
- Folding
- Gas object
- Grasping
- Hitting
- Independent action
- Information object
- Jumping
- Liquid object
- Lying down
- Maintaining a body position
- Maintaining a lying position
- Multi-actor Multi-object action
- Multi-actor Single-object action
- Multi-actor action
- Opening
- Pointing at
- Pouring
- Producing body language
- Producing drawings and photographs
- Pulling
- Pushing
- Putting on clothes
- Releasing
- Riding animals for transportation
- Rinsing
- Running
- Scrubbing
- Sewing
- Shaving
- Singing
- Single-actor Multi-object action
- Single-actor Single-object action
- Single-actor action
- Solid object
- Speaking
- Squeezing
- Stretching
- Swimming
- Taking off clothes
- Tasting
- Throwing
- Turning to
- Twisting
- Tying
- Uncovering
- Vacuuming
- Walking
- Washing
- Wiping
- Wrapping
- breathe out
- carry
- close
- cover
- crawl
- cut
- drink
- drive animal-powered vehicles
- drive motorized vehicles
- eat
- excretion
- gargle
- kneel
- lift
- listen
- maintain a kneeling position
- maintain a sitting position
- maintain a squatting position
- maintain a standing position
- object
- pick up
- primitive action
- produce messages in formal sign language
- put down objects
- reach
- roll over
- shake
- sit
- smell
- soak
- spread
- squat
- stand
- stir
- sweep
- swing
- touch
- unfold
- unwrap
- watch
- write
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0001 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0089c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0002 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0003 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0004 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0005 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0006 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0007 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0008 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0009 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0010 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0011 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0012 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0013 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0014 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0015 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0016 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0017 |
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Super-classes |
0089c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0018 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0019 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0020 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0021 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0022 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0023 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0024 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0025 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0026 |
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Super-classes |
0089c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0027 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0028 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0029 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0030 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0031 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0032 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0033 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0034 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0035 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0036 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0094c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0037 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0095c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0038 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0094c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0039 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0040 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0041 |
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Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0042 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0043 |
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Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0044 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0045 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0046 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0047 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0048 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0049 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0050 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0051 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0052 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0053 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0054 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0055 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0056 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0057 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0094c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0058 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0059 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0060 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0061 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0062 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0063 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0064 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0065 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0066 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0067 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0068 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0069 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0070 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0071 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0072 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0073 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0074 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0075 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0076 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0077 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0078 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0079 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0080 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0081 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0082 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0083 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0084 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0085 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0086 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0087 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0090c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0088 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0092c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0089 |
---|---|
Description |
This action does not need any object and person other than the actor. |
Super-classes |
0091c |
Restrictions |
operandop exactly 0 objectc basisop exactly 0 objectc |
Sub-classes |
0001c 0017c 0026c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0090 |
---|---|
Description |
This action needs one object as an operand of the action or as a basis to perform the action. E.g. Watching action requires at least one operand. E.g. Standing action does not require its operand but requires a floor to stand. |
Super-classes |
0091c (Nc0ae8f0869d5481d986eef7154019a53c or Nd603b4765c3d4ff794f0314056b20491c) |
Sub-classes |
0043c 0028c 0011c 0068c 0063c 0061c 0025c 0083c 0059c 0048c 0032c 0084c 0086c 0087c 0051c 0007c 0067c 0040c 0047c 0060c 0071c 0042c 0022c 0030c 0018c 0053c 0069c 0027c 0054c 0024c 0016c 0058c 0073c 0082c 0055c 0065c 0020c 0021c 0002c 0031c 0044c 0039c 0019c 0070c 0009c 0029c 0076c 0078c 0066c 0085c 0034c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0091 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
primitive_actionc |
Restrictions |
actorop exactly 1 objectc |
Sub-classes |
0090c 0092c 0089c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0092 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
(N9f5a30440b314fe081135f4d3a472718c or Nd9b0d49dc11045b79cc7e7d9c5bfd871c or N765bbf1fb7f44387b781676bd23f5d2ac) 0091c |
Sub-classes |
0045c 0014c 0062c 0003c 0004c 0008c 0033c 0077c 0046c 0088c 0052c 0080c 0010c 0079c 0013c 0049c 0006c 0015c 0005c 0056c 0081c 0035c 0023c 0074c 0064c 0075c 0072c 0012c 0041c 0050c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0093 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
primitive_actionc |
Restrictions |
actorop min 2 objectc |
Sub-classes |
0094c 0095c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0094 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
0093c (Nea8d785ce28244b08d427928b6cc645bc or N4ce51ea0b2ea43bf81e5e7088bd7a36ec) |
Sub-classes |
0036c 0038c 0057c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0095 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
(N1cfa79286d2643e4a04bee0c763e67a3c or N5818b41b307440acafbe76400c6b3594c or Nfbea5c4782984f3dad357d0fd141a423c) 0093c |
Sub-classes |
0037c |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0096 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
objectc |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0097 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
objectc |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0098 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
objectc |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/0099 |
---|---|
Super-classes |
objectc |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/object |
---|---|
Sub-classes |
0099c 0096c 0098c 0097c |
In range of |
operandop actorop basisop |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/primitive_action |
---|---|
Description |
A primitive action has at least one actor. Objects can be participated in a primitive action? The role of the objects are classified as a basis of the action and an operand of the action. If the action affects to the actor or its part, then the actor and its part can be interpreted as operand?? |
Restrictions |
actorop only objectc basisop only objectc operandop only objectc operandop min 0 objectc basisop min 0 objectc actorop min 1 objectc |
Sub-classes |
0091c 0093c |
In domain of |
operandop actorop basisop |
Object Properties ↑
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/actor |
---|---|
Description | The object performs the action. |
Domain(s) | primitive_actionc |
Range(s) | objectc |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/basis |
---|---|
Description | The object is necessary to perform the action but not affected by the action. Or just not focused in??? |
Domain(s) | primitive_actionc |
Range(s) | objectc |
URI | http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/operand |
---|---|
Description | The object is affected by the action. |
Domain(s) | primitive_actionc |
Range(s) | objectc |
Named Individuals ↑
Namespaces ↑
- :
http://www.semanticweb.org/westvillage2460/ontologies/2021/3/untitled-ontology-119/
- owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- sdo
https://schema.org/
- skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
c | Classes |
op | Object Properties |
fp | Functional Properties |
dp | Data Properties |
dp | Annotation Properties |
p | Properties |
ni | Named Individuals |