feat(misc): LIT-4017 - Add ConditionalRetry functionality

[MaximusHaximus]

Description

Defines a configurable retry handler that attempts an operation based on global and condition-specific retry settings.
Supports different backoff strategies for each condition, and a global configuration if no conditions are provided.

Explicit conditions are not required, so in the simplest case it can be used as a generic retry handler.

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules