SDRAM Controller (AXI4)

Github: https://github.com/ultraembedded/core_sdram_axi4

This IP core is that of a small, simple SDRAM controller used to interface a 32-bit AXI-4 bus to a 16-bit SDRAM chip.

Suitable for small FPGAs which do not have a hard SDRAM macro, or where using FPGA vendor IP is not desirable.

When accessing open rows, reads and writes can be pipelined to achieve full SDRAM bus utilization, however switching between reads & writes takes a few cycles.

The row management strategy is to leave active rows open until a row needs to be closed for a periodic auto refresh or until that bank needs to open another row due to a read or write request.

This IP supports supports 4 open active rows (one per bank).

Features

• AXI4-Slave supporting FIXED, INCR and WRAP bursts.
• Support for 16-bit SDRAM parts

Testing

Verified under simulation against a couple of SDRAM models and on various Xilinx FPGAs (Spartan 6, Artix 7), and against the following SDRAM parts;

• MT48LC16M16A2
• AS4C16M16S

Configuration

• Top: sdram_axi
• Clock: clk_i
• Reset: rst_i - Asynchronous, active high
• parameter SDRAM_MHZ - Clock speed (verified with 50MHz & 100MHz)
• parameter SDRAM_ADDR_W - Total SDRAM address width (cols+rows+banks)
• parameter SDRAM_COL_W - Number of column bits
• parameter SDRAM_READ_LATENCY - Read data latency (try 3 for 100MHz, 2 for 50MHz)

Example Instantiation

This example works well for Xilinx FPGAs;

module top
(
    input           clk_i,
    input           rst_i,
    
    output          sdram_clk_o,
    output          sdram_cke_o,
    output [1:0]    sdram_dqm_o,
    output          sdram_cas_o,
    output          sdram_ras_o,
    output          sdram_we_o,
    output          sdram_cs_o,
    output [1:0]    sdram_ba_o,
    output [12:0]   sdram_addr_o,
    inout  [15:0]   sdram_data_io
);

wire [ 15:0]        sdram_data_in_w;
wire [ 15:0]        sdram_data_out_w;
wire                sdram_data_out_en_w;

sdram_axi
u_sdram
(
     .clk_i(clk_i)
    ,.rst_i(rst_i)

    // AXI port
    ,.inport_awvalid_i(...)
    ,.inport_awaddr_i(...)
    ,.inport_awid_i(...)
    ,.inport_awlen_i(...)
    ,.inport_awburst_i(...)
    ,.inport_wvalid_i(...)
    ,.inport_wdata_i(...)
    ,.inport_wstrb_i(...)
    ,.inport_wlast_i(...)
    ,.inport_bready_i(...)
    ,.inport_arvalid_i(...)
    ,.inport_araddr_i(...)
    ,.inport_arid_i(...)
    ,.inport_arlen_i(...)
    ,.inport_arburst_i(...)
    ,.inport_rready_i(...)
    ,.inport_awready_o(...)
    ,.inport_wready_o(...)
    ,.inport_bvalid_o(...)
    ,.inport_bresp_o(...)
    ,.inport_bid_o(...)
    ,.inport_arready_o(...)
    ,.inport_rvalid_o(...)
    ,.inport_rdata_o(...)
    ,.inport_rresp_o(...)
    ,.inport_rid_o(...)
    ,.inport_rlast_o(...)

    // SDRAM Interface
    ,.sdram_clk_o()
    ,.sdram_cke_o(sdram_cke_o)
    ,.sdram_cs_o(sdram_cs_o)
    ,.sdram_ras_o(sdram_ras_o)
    ,.sdram_cas_o(sdram_cas_o)
    ,.sdram_we_o(sdram_we_o)
    ,.sdram_dqm_o(sdram_dqm_o)
    ,.sdram_addr_o(sdram_addr_o)
    ,.sdram_ba_o(sdram_ba_o)
    ,.sdram_data_input_i(sdram_data_in_w)
    ,.sdram_data_output_o(sdram_data_out_w)
    ,.sdram_data_out_en_o(sdram_data_out_en_w)
);

ODDR2 
#(
    .DDR_ALIGNMENT("NONE"),
    .INIT(1'b0),
    .SRTYPE("SYNC")
)
u_clock_delay
(
    .Q(sdram_clk_o),
    .C0(clk_i),
    .C1(~clk_i),
    .CE(1'b1),
    .R(1'b0),
    .S(1'b0),
    .D0(1'b0),
    .D1(1'b1)
);

genvar i;
for (i=0; i < 16; i = i + 1) 
begin
  IOBUF 
  #(
    .DRIVE(12),
    .IOSTANDARD("LVTTL"),
    .SLEW("FAST")
  )
  u_data_buf
  (
    .O(sdram_data_in_w[i]),
    .IO(sdram_data_io[i]),
    .I(sdram_data_out_w[i]),
    .T(~sdram_data_out_en_w)
  );
end

endmodule