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# Istio Installer | ||
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Note: If making any changes to the charts or values.yaml in this dir, first read [UPDATING-CHARTS.md](UPDATING-CHARTS.md) | ||
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Istio installer is a modular, 'a-la-carte' installer for Istio. It is based on a | ||
fork of the Istio helm templates, refactored to increase modularity and isolation. | ||
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Goals: | ||
- Improve upgrade experience: users should be able to gradually roll upgrades, with proper | ||
canary deployments for Istio components. It should be possible to deploy a new version while keeping the | ||
stable version in place and gradually migrate apps to the new version. | ||
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- More flexibility: the new installer allows multiple 'environments', allowing applications to select | ||
a set of control plane settings and components. While the entire mesh respects the same APIs and config, | ||
apps may target different 'environments' which contain different instances and variants of Istio. | ||
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- Better security: separate Istio components reside in different namespaces, allowing different teams or | ||
roles to manage different parts of Istio. For example, a security team would maintain the | ||
root CA and policy, a telemetry team may only have access to Prometheus, | ||
and a different team may maintain the control plane components (which are highly security sensitive). | ||
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The install is organized in 'environments' - each environment consists of a set of components | ||
in different namespaces that are configured to work together. Regardless of 'environment', | ||
workloads can talk with each other and obey the Istio configuration resources, but each environment | ||
can use different Istio versions and different configuration defaults. | ||
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`istioctl kube-inject` or the automatic sidecar injector are used to select the environment. | ||
In the case of the sidecar injector, the namespace label `istio-env: <NAME_OF_ENV>` is used instead | ||
of the conventional `istio-injected: true`. The name of the environment is defined as the namespace | ||
where the corresponding control plane components (config, discovery, auto-injection) are running. | ||
In the examples below, by default this is the `istio-control` namespace. Pod annotations can also | ||
be used to select a different 'environment'. | ||
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## Installing | ||
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The new installer is intended to be modular and very explicit about what is installed. It has | ||
far more steps than the Istio installer - but each step is smaller and focused on a specific | ||
feature, and can be performed by different people/teams at different times. | ||
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It is strongly recommended that different namespaces are used, with different service accounts. | ||
In particular access to the security-critical production components (root CA, policy, control) | ||
should be locked down and restricted. The new installer allows multiple instances of | ||
policy/control/telemetry - so testing/staging of new settings and versions can be performed | ||
by a different role than the prod version. | ||
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The intended users of this repo are users running Istio in production who want to select, tune | ||
and understand each binary that gets deployed, and select which combination to use. | ||
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Note: each component can be installed in parallel with an existing Istio 1.0 or 1.1 installation in | ||
`istio-system`. The new components will not interfere with existing apps, but can interoperate, | ||
and it is possible to gradually move apps from Istio 1.0/1.1 to the new environments and | ||
across environments ( for example canary -> prod ) | ||
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Note: there are still some cluster roles that may need to be fixed, most likely cluster permissions | ||
will need to move to the security component. | ||
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## Everything is Optional | ||
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Each component in the new installer is optional. Users can install the component defined in the new installer, | ||
use the equivalent component in `istio-system`, configured with the official installer, or use a different | ||
version or implementation. | ||
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For example you may use your own Prometheus and Grafana installs, or you may use a specialized/custom | ||
certificate provisioning tool, or use components that are centrally managed and running in a different cluster. | ||
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This is a work in progress - building on top of the multi-cluster installer. | ||
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As an extreme, the goal is to be possible to run Istio workloads in a cluster without installing any Istio component | ||
in that cluster. Currently, the minimum we require is the security provider (node agent or citadel). | ||
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### Install Istio CRDs | ||
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This is the first step of the installation. Please do not remove or edit any CRD - config currently requires | ||
all CRDs to be present. On each upgrade it is recommended to reapply the file, to make sure | ||
you get all CRDs. CRDs are separated by release and by component type in the CRD directory. | ||
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Istio has strong integration with certmanager. Some operators may want to keep their current certmanager | ||
CRDs in place and not have Istio modify them. In this case, it is necessary to apply CRD files individually. | ||
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```bash | ||
kubectl apply -k github.com/istio/installer/base | ||
``` | ||
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or | ||
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```bash | ||
kubectl apply -f base/files | ||
``` | ||
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### Install Istio-CNI | ||
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This is an optional step - CNI must run in a dedicated namespace, it is a 'singleton' and extremely | ||
security sensitive. Access to the CNI namespace must be highly restricted. | ||
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**NOTE:** The environment variable `ISTIO_CLUSTER_ISGKE` is assumed to be set to `true` if the cluster | ||
is a GKE cluster. | ||
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```bash | ||
ISTIO_CNI_ARGS= | ||
# TODO: What k8s data can we use for this check for whether GKE? | ||
if [[ "${ISTIO_CLUSTER_ISGKE}" == "true" ]]; then | ||
ISTIO_CNI_ARGS="--set cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin" | ||
fi | ||
iop kube-system istio-cni $IBASE/istio-cni/ ${ISTIO_CNI_ARGS} | ||
``` | ||
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TODO. It is possible to add Istio-CNI later, and gradually migrate. | ||
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### Install Control plane | ||
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This can run in any cluster. A mesh should have at least one cluster should run Pilot or equivalent XDS server, | ||
and it is recommended to have Pilot running in each region and in multiple availability zones for multi cluster. | ||
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```bash | ||
iop istio-control istio-discovery $IBASE/istio-control/istio-discovery \ | ||
--set global.istioNamespace=istio-system | ||
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# Second istio-discovery, using master version of istio | ||
TAG=latest HUB=gcr.io/istio-testing iop istio-master istio-discovery-master $IBASE/istio-control/istio-discovery \ | ||
--set policy.enable=false \ | ||
--set global.istioNamespace=istio-master | ||
``` | ||
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### Gateways | ||
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A cluster may use multiple Gateways, each with a different load balancer IP, domains and certificates. | ||
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Since the domain certificates are stored in the gateway namespace, it is recommended to keep each | ||
gateway in a dedicated namespace and restrict access. | ||
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For large-scale gateways it is optionally possible to use a dedicated pilot in the gateway namespace. | ||
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### Additional test templates | ||
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A number of helm test setups are general-purpose and should be installable in any cluster, to confirm | ||
Istio works properly and allow testing the specific installation. |
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# Updating charts and values.yaml | ||
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## Acceptable Pull Requests | ||
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Helm charts `values.yaml` represent a complex user facing API that tends to grow uncontrollably over time | ||
due to design choices in Helm. | ||
The underlying Kubernetes resources we configure have 1000s of fields; given enough users and bespoke use cases, | ||
eventually someone will want to customize every one of those fields. | ||
If all fields are exposed in `values.yaml`, we end up with an massive API that is also likely worse than just using the Kubernetes API directly. | ||
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To avoid this, the project attempts to minimize additions to the `values.yaml` API where possible. | ||
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If the change is a dynamic runtime configuration, it probably belongs in the [MeshConfig API](https://github.com/istio/api/blob/master/mesh/v1alpha1/config.proto). | ||
This allows configuration without re-installing or restarting deployments. | ||
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If the change is to a Kubernetes field (such as modifying a Deployment attribute), it will likely need to be install-time configuration. | ||
However, that doesn't necessarily mean a PR to add a value will be accepted. | ||
The `values.yaml` API is intended to maintain a *minimal core set of configuration* that most users will use. | ||
For bespoke use cases, [Helm Chart Customization](https://istio.io/latest/docs/setup/additional-setup/customize-installation-helm/#advanced-helm-chart-customization) can be used | ||
to allow arbitrary customizations. | ||
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If the change truly is generally purpose, it is generally preferred to have broader APIs. For example, instead of providing | ||
direct access to each of the complex fields in [affinity](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/assign-pod-node/), just providing | ||
a single `affinity` field that is passed through as-is to the Kubernetes resource. | ||
This provides maximum flexibility with minimal API surface overhead. | ||
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## Making changes | ||
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## Step 1. Make changes in charts and values.yaml in `manifests` directory | ||
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Be sure to provide sufficient documentation and example usage in values.yaml. | ||
If the chart has a `values.schema.json`, that should be updated as well. | ||
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## Step 2. Update the istioctl/Operator values | ||
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If you are modifying the `gateway` chart, you can stop here. | ||
All other charts, however, are exposed by `istioctl` and need to follow the steps below. | ||
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The charts in the `manifests` directory are used in istioctl to generate an installation manifest. | ||
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If `values.yaml` is changed, be sure to update corresponding values changes in [../profiles/default.yaml](../profiles/default.yaml) | ||
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## Step 3. Update istioctl schema | ||
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Istioctl uses a [schema](../../operator/pkg/apis/istio/v1alpha1/values_types.proto) to validate the values. Any changes to | ||
the schema must be added here, otherwise istioctl users will see errors. | ||
Once the schema file is updated, run: | ||
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```bash | ||
$ make operator-proto | ||
``` | ||
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This will regenerate the Go structs used for schema validation. | ||
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## Step 4. Update the generated manifests | ||
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Tests of istioctl use the auto-generated manifests to ensure that the istioctl binary has the correct version of the charts. | ||
To regenerate the manifests, run: | ||
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```bash | ||
$ make copy-templates update-golden | ||
``` | ||
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## Step 5. Create a PR using outputs from Steps 1 to 4 | ||
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Your PR should pass all the checks if you followed these steps. |
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apiVersion: v1 | ||
name: base | ||
# This version is never actually shipped. istio/release-builder will replace it at build-time | ||
# with the appropriate version | ||
version: 1.21.5+tetrate1 | ||
appVersion: 1.21.5-tetrate1 | ||
tillerVersion: ">=2.7.2" | ||
description: Helm chart for deploying Istio cluster resources and CRDs | ||
keywords: | ||
- istio | ||
sources: | ||
- https://github.com/istio/istio | ||
engine: gotpl | ||
icon: https://istio.io/latest/favicons/android-192x192.png |
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# Istio base Helm Chart | ||
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This chart installs resources shared by all Istio revisions. This includes Istio CRDs. | ||
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## Setup Repo Info | ||
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```console | ||
helm repo add istio https://istio-release.storage.googleapis.com/charts | ||
helm repo update | ||
``` | ||
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_See [helm repo](https://helm.sh/docs/helm/helm_repo/) for command documentation._ | ||
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## Installing the Chart | ||
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To install the chart with the release name `istio-base`: | ||
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```console | ||
kubectl create namespace istio-system | ||
helm install istio-base istio/base -n istio-system | ||
``` | ||
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### Profiles | ||
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Istio Helm charts have a concept of a `profile`, which is a bundled collection of value presets. | ||
These can be set with `--set profile=<profile>`. | ||
For example, the `demo` profile offers a preset configuration to try out Istio in a test environment, with additional features enabled and lowered resource requirements. | ||
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For consistency, the same profiles are used across each chart, even if they do not impact a given chart. | ||
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Explicitly set values have highest priority, then profile settings, then chart defaults. | ||
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As an implementation detail of profiles, the default values for the chart are all nested under `defaults`. | ||
When configuring the chart, you should not include this. | ||
That is, `--set some.field=true` should be passed, not `--set defaults.some.field=true`. |
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