package.sql

-- SERIALLY_REUSABLE PACKAGE

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE pkg IS
  n NUMBER := 5;
END pkg;
/


CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE sr_pkg IS
  PRAGMA SERIALLY_REUSABLE;
  n NUMBER := 5;
END sr_pkg;
/


BEGIN
  pkg.n := 10;
  sr_pkg.n := 10;
END;
/


BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('pkg.n: ' || pkg.n);  -- print 10  
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('sr_pkg.n: ' || sr_pkg.n); -- print 5 
END;
/


-- package example

-- Log to track changes (not part of package):

DROP TABLE log;
CREATE TABLE log (
  date_of_action  DATE,
  user_id         VARCHAR2(20),
  package_name    VARCHAR2(30)
);

-- Package specification:

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE emp_admin AS
  -- Declare public type, cursor, and exception:
  TYPE EmpRecTyp IS RECORD (emp_id NUMBER, sal NUMBER);
  CURSOR desc_salary RETURN EmpRecTyp;
  invalid_salary EXCEPTION;

  -- Declare public subprograms:

  FUNCTION hire_employee (
    last_name       VARCHAR2,
    first_name      VARCHAR2,
    email           VARCHAR2,
    phone_number    VARCHAR2,
    job_id          VARCHAR2,
    salary          NUMBER,
    commission_pct  NUMBER,
    manager_id      NUMBER,
    department_id   NUMBER
  ) RETURN NUMBER;

  -- Overload preceding public subprogram:
  PROCEDURE fire_employee (emp_id NUMBER);
  PROCEDURE fire_employee (emp_email VARCHAR2);

  PROCEDURE raise_salary (emp_id NUMBER, amount NUMBER);
  FUNCTION nth_highest_salary (n NUMBER) RETURN EmpRecTyp;
END emp_admin;
/
-- Package body:

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY emp_admin AS
  number_hired  NUMBER;  -- private variable, visible only in this package

  -- Define cursor declared in package specification:

  CURSOR desc_salary RETURN EmpRecTyp IS
    SELECT employee_id, salary
    FROM employees
    ORDER BY salary DESC;

  -- Define subprograms declared in package specification:

  FUNCTION hire_employee (
    last_name       VARCHAR2,
    first_name      VARCHAR2,
    email           VARCHAR2,
    phone_number    VARCHAR2,
    job_id          VARCHAR2,
    salary          NUMBER,
    commission_pct  NUMBER,
    manager_id      NUMBER,
    department_id   NUMBER
  ) RETURN NUMBER
  IS
    new_emp_id NUMBER;
  BEGIN
    new_emp_id := employees_seq.NEXTVAL;
    INSERT INTO employees (
      employee_id,
      last_name,
      first_name,
      email,
      phone_number,
      hire_date,
      job_id,
      salary,
      commission_pct,
      manager_id,
      department_id
    )
    VALUES (
      new_emp_id,
      hire_employee.last_name,
      hire_employee.first_name,
      hire_employee.email,
      hire_employee.phone_number,
      SYSDATE,
      hire_employee.job_id,
      hire_employee.salary,
      hire_employee.commission_pct,
      hire_employee.manager_id,
      hire_employee.department_id
    );
    number_hired := number_hired + 1;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The number of employees hired is ' 
                         || TO_CHAR(number_hired) );   
    RETURN new_emp_id;
  END hire_employee;

  PROCEDURE fire_employee (emp_id NUMBER) IS
  BEGIN
    DELETE FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
  END fire_employee;

  PROCEDURE fire_employee (emp_email VARCHAR2) IS
  BEGIN
    DELETE FROM employees WHERE email = emp_email;
  END fire_employee;

  -- Define private function, available only inside package:

  FUNCTION sal_ok (
    jobid VARCHAR2,
    sal NUMBER
  ) RETURN BOOLEAN
  IS
    min_sal NUMBER;
    max_sal NUMBER;
  BEGIN
    SELECT MIN(salary), MAX(salary)
    INTO min_sal, max_sal
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = jobid;

    RETURN (sal >= min_sal) AND (sal <= max_sal);
  END sal_ok;

  PROCEDURE raise_salary (
    emp_id NUMBER,
    amount NUMBER
  )
  IS
    sal NUMBER(8,2);
    jobid VARCHAR2(10);
  BEGIN
    SELECT job_id, salary INTO jobid, sal
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = emp_id;

    IF sal_ok(jobid, sal + amount) THEN  -- Invoke private function
      UPDATE employees
      SET salary = salary + amount
      WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
    ELSE
      RAISE invalid_salary;
    END IF;
  EXCEPTION
    WHEN invalid_salary THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('The salary is out of the specified range.');
  END raise_salary;

  FUNCTION nth_highest_salary (
    n NUMBER
  ) RETURN EmpRecTyp
  IS
    emp_rec  EmpRecTyp;
  BEGIN
    OPEN desc_salary;
    FOR i IN 1..n LOOP
      FETCH desc_salary INTO emp_rec;
    END LOOP;
    CLOSE desc_salary;
    RETURN emp_rec;
  END nth_highest_salary;

BEGIN  -- initialization part of package body
   INSERT INTO log (date_of_action, user_id, package_name)
   VALUES (SYSDATE, USER, 'EMP_ADMIN');
   number_hired := 0;
END emp_admin;
/
-- Invoke packages subprograms in anonymous block:

DECLARE
  new_emp_id NUMBER(6);
BEGIN
  new_emp_id := emp_admin.hire_employee (
    'Belden',
    'Enrique',
    'EBELDEN',
    '555.111.2222',
    'ST_CLERK',
    2500,
    .1,
    101,
    110
  );
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('The employee id is ' || TO_CHAR(new_emp_id));
  emp_admin.raise_salary (new_emp_id, 100);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
    'The 10th highest salary is '||
    TO_CHAR (emp_admin.nth_highest_salary(10).sal) ||
             ', belonging to employee: ' ||
             TO_CHAR (emp_admin.nth_highest_salary(10).emp_id)
  );

  emp_admin.fire_employee(new_emp_id);
  -- You can also delete the newly added employee as follows:
  -- emp_admin.fire_employee('EBELDEN');
END;
/

select * from employees 
select * from employee_salaries;