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Localization

Internationalisation is the process of ensuring that an application is capable of adapting to
local requirements, for instance ensuring that the local writing system can be displayed.
Localisation is the process of adapting the software to be as familiar as possible to a specific
locale, by displaying text in the local language and using local conventions for the display of such
things as units of measurement.

import locale

vals = [12_345, 234.345, 12.56]

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'fr_FR')

for val in vals:
    num = locale.format_string("%.2f", val)
    print(num)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'us_US')

for val in vals:
    num = locale.format_string("%.2f", val)
    print(num)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'fa_IR')

for val in vals:
    num = locale.format_string("%.2f", val)
    print(num)

Dates

import datetime
import locale

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE')

fmt = "%A, %d %B %Y - %H:%M"
now = datetime.datetime.now()

fdt = now.strftime(fmt)
print(fdt)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'sk_SK')

fdt = now.strftime(fmt)
print(fdt)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'ru_RU')

fdt = now.strftime(fmt)
print(fdt)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'hu_HU')

fdt = now.strftime(fmt)
print(fdt)

Numbers thousand separator

import locale


val = 111_123_234.25
val2 = "1234567.89"

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'sk_SK')

num = locale.format_string("%d", val, grouping=True) # use thousand separators
print(num)

num2 = locale.atof(val2) # parse
print(num2)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_US')

num = locale.format_string("%d", val, grouping=True) 
print(num)

num2 = locale.atof(val2)
print(num2)

Settings

import locale

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'sk_SK')

template = """
Numeric formatting:

  Decimal point      : "{decimal_point}"
  Grouping positions : {grouping}
  Thousands separator: "{thousands_sep}"

Monetary formatting:

  International currency symbol   : "{int_curr_symbol!r}"
  Local currency symbol           : {currency_symbol!r}
  Symbol precedes positive value  : {p_cs_precedes}
  Symbol precedes negative value  : {n_cs_precedes}
  Decimal point                   : "{mon_decimal_point}"
  Digits in fractional values     : {frac_digits}
  Digits in fractional values,
                   international  : {int_frac_digits}
  Grouping positions              : {mon_grouping}
  Thousands separator             : "{mon_thousands_sep}"
  Positive sign                   : "{positive_sign}"
  Positive sign position          : {p_sign_posn}
  Negative sign                   : "{negative_sign}"
  Negative sign position          : {n_sign_posn}

"""

sign_positions = {
    0: 'Surrounded by parentheses',
    1: 'Before value and symbol',
    2: 'After value and symbol',
    3: 'Before value',
    4: 'After value',
    locale.CHAR_MAX: 'Unspecified',
}

info = {}
info.update(locale.localeconv())
info['p_sign_posn'] = sign_positions[info['p_sign_posn']]
info['n_sign_posn'] = sign_positions[info['n_sign_posn']]

print(template.format(**info))

Locale switching

import contextlib
import locale

@contextlib.contextmanager
def temporary_locale(nloc):

    cloc = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL)
    try:
        yield locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, nloc)
    finally:
        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, cloc)


val = 156_245.99

with temporary_locale('ru_RU'):
    price = locale.currency(val)
    print(price)

with temporary_locale('sk_SK'):
    price = locale.currency(val)
    print(price)

Babel

from babel import Locale

skl = Locale.parse('sk_SK')

print(skl.get_display_name())
print(skl.get_language_name())
print(skl.get_territory_name())

for e in skl.currencies.values():
    print(e)

for e in skl.currency_symbols.values():
    print(e)

Lists

from babel.lists import format_list

words = ['sky', 'cloud', 'falcon']
print(format_list(words, locale='en'))

words = ['obloha', 'mrak', 'sokol']
print(format_list(words, locale='sk'))

Official languages

from babel import languages


print(languages.get_official_languages('ch'))
print(languages.get_official_languages('sk'))
print(languages.get_official_languages('be'))

print(languages.get_official_languages("us", de_facto=True))
print(languages.get_official_languages("us"))

Eras

from babel import Locale


era = Locale('en', 'US').eras['wide'][1]
print(era)

era_ab = Locale('en', 'US').eras['abbreviated'][0]
print(era_ab)

era = Locale('sk_SK').eras['wide'][1]
print(era)

era_ab = Locale('sk_SK').eras['abbreviated'][0]
print(era_ab)

Month/day/quarter names

from babel import Locale

locale = Locale('sk')

month_names = locale.months['format']['wide'].items()
for _, name in month_names:
    print(name)

quars = locale.quarters['format']['wide'].items()
for _, name in quars:
    print(name)

days = locale.days['format']['wide'].items()
for _, name in days:
    print(name)

Numbers/dates/units

from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime
from babel.numbers import format_decimal, format_percent, parse_decimal
from babel.units import format_unit
from datetime import date, datetime

# Date, time
d = date(2010, 3, 10)
print(format_date(d, format='short', locale='sk'))
print(format_date(d, format='medium', locale='sk'))
print(format_date(d, format='long', locale='sk'))
print(format_date(d, format='full', locale='sk'))
print(format_date(d, "EEEE, d.M.yyyy", locale='sk'))

print('-------------------------------------')

# datetime
dt = datetime.now()
print(format_datetime(dt, "yyyy.MMMM.dd GGG hh:mm a", locale='ru'))
print(format_datetime(dt, "yyyy.MMMM.dd GGG hh:mm a", locale='sk'))

print('-------------------------------------')

# Percents
print(format_percent(0.45, locale='sk'))
print(format_percent(0.45, locale='ru'))
print(format_percent(0.45, locale='fa'))
print(format_percent(0.45, locale='tr'))

print('-------------------------------------')

# Numbers

print(format_decimal(12.4512, locale='sk'))
print(format_decimal(12.4512, locale='ru'))

print('-------------------------------------')

# Units
print(format_unit(16, 'length-meter', locale='ru'))
print(format_unit(16, 'length-meter', locale='en'))
print(format_unit(16, 'length-meter', locale='sk'))
print(format_unit(16, 'length-meter', locale='hu'))
print(format_unit(16, 'length-meter', locale='fr'))
print(format_unit(16, 'length-meter', locale='fa'))

val = parse_decimal('3.229,45', locale='de')
print(val)

Translation

Creating translation files.

mkdir locales
pybabel extract . -o locales/messages.pot  
pybabel init -l sk -i locales/messages.pot -d locales
pybabel init -l en -i locales/messages.pot -d locales
pybabel compile -d locales

Updating.

pybabel update -i locales/messages.pot -d locales

In messages.pot:

#: main.py:15
msgid "Python programming language"
msgstr "Programovací jazyk Python"

#: main.py:16
msgid "Today is Monday"
msgstr "Dnes je pondelok"

import gettext

trans = gettext.translation('messages', 'locales', languages=['sk'])
trans.install()

_ = trans.gettext

print(_("Python programming language"))
print(_("Today is Monday"))