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<title>Contents - Virginia - Open Government Guide</title>
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<header role="banner"><h1><b class="">Virginia</b> Open Government Guide</h1></header>
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<article role="article">
<section role="region">
<h1>Contents</h1>
<ol>
<li><a href="">Introductory Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv</a></li>
<li><a href="">User’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v</a></li>
<li><a href="">FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1</a></li>
<li><a href="">Open Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1</a></li>
<li><a href="">I. STATUE - BASIC APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. Who can request records? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. Whose records are and are not subject to the act? . . . . . . . . . .1</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. What records are and are not subject to the act? . . . . . . . . . . .2</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. Fee provisions or practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. Who enforces the act? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3</a></li>
<li><a href="">F. are there sanctions for noncompliance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">II. EXEMPTIONS AND OTHER LEGAL LIMITATIONS . . .3</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. Exemptions in the open records statute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. Other statutory exclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. Court-derived exclusions, common law prohibitions, recognized privileges against disclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. are segregable portions of records containing exempt material available? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. Homeland Security Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">III: STATE LAW ON ELECTRONIC RECOREDS . . . . . . . . . . .10</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. Can the requester choose a format for receiving records? . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. Can the requester obtain a customized search of computer databases to fit particular needs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. Does the existence of information in electronic format affect its openness? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. How is e-mail treated? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. How are text messages and instant messages treated? . . . . . .10</a></li>
<li><a href="">F. How are social media postings and messages treated? . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">G. How are online discussion board posts treated? . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">H. Computer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">I. How are fees for electronic records assessed? . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">J. Money-making schemes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">K. On-line dissemination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">IV. RECORD CATEGORIES -- OPEN OR CLOSED . . . . . . . .11</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. autopsy reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. administrative enforcement records (e.g., worker safety and health inspections, or accident investigations) . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. Bank records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. Budgets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. Business records, financial data, trade secrets. . . . . . . . . . . . .11</a></li>
<li><a href="">F. Contracts, proposals and bids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">G. Collective bargaining records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">H. Coroners reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">I. Economic development records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">J. Election records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">K. gun permits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">L. Hospital reports.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">M. Personnel records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12</a></li>
<li><a href="">N. Police records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13</a></li>
<li><a href="">O. Prison, parole and probation reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13</a></li>
<li><a href="">P. Public utility records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13</a></li>
<li><a href="">Q. real estate appraisals, negotiations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13</a></li>
<li><a href="">R. School and university records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13</a></li>
<li><a href="">S. Vital statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14</a></li>
<li><a href="">V. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING RECORDS . . . . . . . . . .14</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">. How to start.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. How long to wait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. administrative appeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. Court action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. appealing initial court decisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15</a></li>
<li><a href="">F. addressing government suits against disclosure.. . . . . . . . . . .16</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">Open Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16</a></li>
<li><a href="">I. STATUE -- BASIC APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. Who may attend? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. What governments are subject to the law? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. What bodies are covered by the law? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. What constitutes a meeting subject to the law. . . . . . . . . . . . .17</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. Categories of meetings subject to the law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17</a></li>
<li><a href="">F. recording/broadcast of meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19</a></li>
<li><a href="">G. are there sanctions for noncompliance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">II. EXEMPTIONS AND OTHER LEGAL LIMITATIOnS . .19</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. Exemptions in the open meetings statute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. any other statutory requirements for closed or open meetings. 21</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. Court mandated opening, closing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">III. MEETING CATEGORIES -- OPEN OR CLOSED. . . . . . .21</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. adjudications by administrative bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. Budget sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. Business and industry relations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. Federal programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">E. Financial data of public bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">F. Financial data, trade secrets or proprietary data of private corporations and individuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">G. gifts, trusts and honorary degrees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">H. grand jury testimony by public employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">I. Licensing examinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">J. Litigation; pending litigation or other attorney-client privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">K. negotiations and collective bargaining of public employees. .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">L. Parole board meetings, or meetings involving parole board decisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">M. Patients; discussions on individual patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">N. Personnel matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21</a></li>
<li><a href="">O. real estate negotiations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22</a></li>
<li><a href="">P. Security, national and/or state, of buildings, personnel or other. 22</a></li>
<li><a href="">Q. Students; discussions on individual students. . . . . . . . . . . . . .22</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="">IV. PROCEDURE FOR ASSERTING RIGHT OF ACCESS . .22</a>
<ol class="sub-ol">
<li><a href="">A. When to challenge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22</a></li>
<li><a href="">B. How to start.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22</a></li>
<li><a href="">C. Court review of administrative decision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22</a></li>
<li><a href="">D. appealing initial court decisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>V. ASSERTING A RIGHT TO COMMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23</li>
<li>Statute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23</li>
</ol>
</section></article>
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<h3><b class="page-number">ii</b> The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press</h3>
<h4><a href="contents.html">Next - Contents</a></h4>
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