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class="c34" style="margin: 0 auto"><p class="c10 c37 title" id="h.63ze2wa2l3iw"><span class="c32">US History III (HIST&148)</span></p><p class="c30 subtitle" id="h.hta0n7rh4chx"><span>Winter 2020<br>Gary Tou</span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none;"><h4 class="c19 c26" id="h.z7o40l680qk3"><span class="c13"></span></h4><h4 class="c19" id="h.3aopd3bedhea"><span>1/2/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Welcome to class. Covered Canvas site.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.vqjqrnqqldnc"><span class="c13">1/6/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Professor’s Verbal Clues: “This is important because…”</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h1 class="c15" id="h.x9l4k2uhvddi"><span class="c12">The Gilded Age</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1880s-1900s</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The Gilded Age looks economically good on the surface, but realistically/internally there were a lot of problems.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The Gilded Age was the foundation of themes within the social class, interactions, financial development, political development that show up in the 1900s</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Gilded only looks “gold” on the surface but isn’t actually gold.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ou4ebj1udrp6-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US became an economic powerhouse. Industrial powerhouse. (used to be Germany and great Britain)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Actually a time of conflict (social conflict. Between social classes, boss & worker, immigrants & us born citizens)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">New cities → pollution + lack of housing, food source</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.1zfwus25c5i"><span class="c6">Captains of Industry</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Group is nicknamed “Robber Barons”. These people approached business differently.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-0 start"><li class="c17 c10 c28 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.1emluevv3xc1" style="display:inline"><span class="c9">Andrew Carnegie & Carnegie Steel’s Vertical Integration</span></h3></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Similar to workers compared to the other Robber Barons. He has a life story similar to workers</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Andrew Carnegie was an immigrant from Scotland</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He started working as a child (had a dangerous job). He hired a lot of children to work in his coal mines.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He didn’t go to university. Through night classes, he learned to use telegram and became a personal assistant. Through working in the office setting, he learned from others (found mentors) skills like accounting</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Vertical Integration (business strategy)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Doing everything yourself from the bottom up. Keep expenses in house. Prevent outsourcing work.</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In order to create a steel beam, you first own a coal mine, then factory, then transportation (Carnegie had his own ships to deliver steel to venders).</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Carnegie was the first with the idea to donate major money to charities</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Gave away $350 mil personal wealth</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Donated to mainly education</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some say the donation is just to improve personal PR/reputation</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Many Robber barons followed afterward Carnegie (because of social pressure to be better).</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He helped set up food banks which his workers had to go to (he could have just paid them more).</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">As a result, all of Robber Barron’s names are in our society today (Rockefeller Center, Carnegie University, etc.).</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-0"><li class="c17 c10 c28 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.iphjf9ittdbg" style="display:inline"><span class="c9">Rockefeller & Standard Oil’s Monopoly</span></h3></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Big ego (in paintings, he has a big head)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Big crown on his head</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He had trains on his crown</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Monopoly</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Having control over an entire industry.</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">At his peak, 90-95% of the oil refining industry was controlled by his company because of his railroads.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-3 start"><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He got a discount early on to be able to transport oil cheaply. When other companies went out of business, Rockefeller would buy up the business and integrate it into his.</span></li><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Later on, there were court cases about this monopoly.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-0"><li class="c17 c10 c28 li-bullet-0"><h3 id="h.2swi5loawmu9" style="display:inline"><span class="c9">Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest)</span></h3></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Similar to Charles Darwin’s idea from biology</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c14">Origin of Species (1859)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wm34al2i226e-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">All Robber Barons used this idea</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Robber Barons used this idea to explain why they are wealthy and their workers aren’t. There’s something about them in their DNA (smarter, tougher) that made them better. They avoided practical reasons (workers had lower wages, few opportunities)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.dff961cuzt4r"><span class="c13">1/7/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c33">Sign up for BC Alerts for class cancelation (snow)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Prospectus → think about what you enjoy</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Discussion #2</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_w0e5xwjjsh89-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">About manners. People in the Gilded Age were obsessed with manners. “I’m better than you, I’m superior than you”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Include specific examples from the reading (quotes). View HIST&146 example on Canvas</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3"> Reply</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_w0e5xwjjsh89-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Something that’s similar</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Something that’d difference (something I didn’t notice)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">One thing that I liked. (writing style, attention to detail)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.ewf4d83gjjmx"><span class="c6">New Wave of Immigration</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1880-1915</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Immigraiton numbers:</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_u04amt2bmz6-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1870-1880 = 2.8 million (old wave)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1880-1890 = 5.2 million ← large increase in immigration (new wave)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Immigration country of origin:</span></p><a id="t.54298f933e5a56c6f9e06dddbe29bee178a019c3"></a><a id="t.0"></a><table class="c36"><tbody><tr class="c16"><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p class="c38"><span class="c0">Old wave (1870-1880)</span></p></td><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p class="c38"><span>New wave (1880-1890)<br></span><span class="c14">Different countries, more immigrants</span></p></td></tr><tr class="c16"><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><ul class="c7 lst-kix_1sd3y3lu7pm8-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">England</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Irland</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Germany</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Scandinavia</span></li></ul></td><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><ul class="c7 lst-kix_1sd3y3lu7pm8-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Italy</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Russia</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Poland</span></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="c16"><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><ul class="c7 lst-kix_1sd3y3lu7pm8-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Generally lighter skin</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Already new English</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Easier to accept compared to the new wave</span></li></ul></td><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><ul class="c7 lst-kix_1sd3y3lu7pm8-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Southern/Eastern Europe</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Jewish</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Faced crisis. Desperate to leave.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Darker skin</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Push factors of this time period (reasons to move away):</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_n7rmj7x0ttfn-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">War</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Religion persecution</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Farming disasters/droughts</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Pull factors (reasons to come to the US):</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_roxd3l9oxboc-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">More jobs (they didn’t know what the jobs were, but they were willing to take the chance)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">New wave immigrants had to be processed at locations like Ellis Island. They were able to move westerns because of the railroads, but most stayed concentrated in the east.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Majority of the workforce in low paying, factory jobs tend to be immigrants from underrepresented countries. Factory work isn’t just a large brick building with large machines. </span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.ke9dw9vgneu5"><span class="c9">Segmented Working Class</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">If you were a medical doctor in Russia and came over to the US, your experience/degree might not matter. You would be working low paying jobs. The entire family was expected to work (even children. Starting at age 10-12)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span>Wage is based on </span><span class="c0">Skilled vs. Unskilled:</span></p><a id="t.e787df8cad7d123211b620e1668ee27d05052553"></a><a id="t.1"></a><table class="c36"><tbody><tr class="c16"><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p class="c29"><span class="c0">Skilled</span></p></td><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p class="c29"><span class="c0">Unskilled</span></p></td></tr><tr class="c16"><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><ul class="c7 lst-kix_821n0l120slm-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Government jobs</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Office jobs</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Locomotive engineer</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Having education (apprenticeship)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_821n0l120slm-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Machinist ($2.45/day)</span></li></ul></td><td class="c24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><ul class="c7 lst-kix_zhheqjz2xn4v-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Sowing/working with garments</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women’s jobs (even though more men worked in those roles)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Physically getting dirty</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_zhheqjz2xn4v-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Factory worker ($1.32/day)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Domestic (cleaning house, taking care of people’s kids) ($2/week)</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.p2mxoi2cua2g"><span class="c9">Dangerous Working and Living Conditions</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Factories were fire hazards. Little space, garments everywhere.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Close proximity → easy to spread disease.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Children were expected to work (starting at age 10-12. There was no age limit/parental permission). They had smaller hands (textile industry) and body parts (coal mines).</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Typing is a highly desirable women factory job. Seen as less dangerous.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">If injured on the job. You can sue the employer, but this is very difficult because if your co-worker was the cause of the negligence, your employer is off the hook.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">No food standards → consumers put at risk</span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.3ev2ynwq3iau"><span class="c13">1/8/2020</span></h4><h3 class="c17" id="h.kkw2iimrsxn9"><span>Tenement Apartment</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_t4ih8m1sfzsq-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Cramped, clustered</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Grouped by country of origin, ethnicity, and wage</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_t4ih8m1sfzsq-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">More expensive apartments had windows. Exterior apartments.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_t4ih8m1sfzsq-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Fire hazard. No fire, health, or earthquake codes</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Low ceilings, messy</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">4-5 stories high</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Generally started off as a one/two room apartment which landlords subdivided with metal sheets/drapes</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Exposed coal-burning stove</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_t4ih8m1sfzsq-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Coal is cheaper than wood</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Only heat source & cooking</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Respiratory hazards</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_t4ih8m1sfzsq-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Landlords sacrificed quality of life for profit.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Walking distance to factories. Lived near fumes/chemicals from factory.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Only 10% of tenements had running water. No toilets. Go to bathroom outside or in chamber pot.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some apartments were used as a home and for work.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Brothel (house of prostitution) mixed in around tenement apartments.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.c3vyheihqoax"><span class="c6">Jacob Riis</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_enqfe1jvncu4-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Immigrant from Denmark</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Crime photographer</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He generally ended up in tenement apartments and felt like people should be exposed to the conditions of the apartments.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_enqfe1jvncu4-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span>Created a book </span><span class="c20">How the Other Half Lives</span><span class="c0">. Marketed towards rich people.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_enqfe1jvncu4-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">One picture shows a group of very young kids sitting on a dumpster with an advertisement about toys. But, these kids couldn’t afford these toys.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_enqfe1jvncu4-3 start"><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Another advertisement in the photos shows Sioux Indian who were on display like animals</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_enqfe1jvncu4-2"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Shows Robber Barrons what tenement apartments look like. </span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.66litse9zc2q"><span class="c6">Knights of Labor</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">One of the first powerful labor union. Started in late 1860s. Created by group of tailors. Started by offering discount of burial plots</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Terence Powderly soon took over and make the union more aggressive</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_fz243hj20weg-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Demanded wage goal: $2/day. 8 hour days (Slogan: “8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep, 8 hours of what we will (play/relax)”. Work hours were very inconsistent. Some days were 10 hours, others were 0 hours.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In 1885 a railroad company planned to cut wages by 10%. The union threatened to strike and bargained with the employer. The knights of Labor credited with stopped their plans to cut 10% of wage. As a result, more people signed up to join</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Members of the union</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1885 → 100,000 members</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1886 → 730,000 members.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_b6cc6d4zo9ee-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They allowed almost everyone to join, but internally, they were segregated</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Men & Women (but didn’t get leadership roles)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">African American (limited power)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chinese workers banned</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Segregated union</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Some people buy insurance on themselves (in case you get injured).</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c20 c33">Possible research project idea: </span><span class="c3">WTO protest in Seattle. Riots on labor 1990s</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.7z1nhv3sd7ha"><span class="c13">1/9/2020</span></h4><h2 class="c11" id="h.mgechu13n2h2"><span class="c6">May 1st, 1886 Strike</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ezovq39xoofx-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Strike across America. Goal of 8 hours work day</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chicago, 400,000 striked</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ezovq39xoofx-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">McCormick company, 1,400 striked</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ezovq39xoofx-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Makes tractors</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">McCormick fired workers the next day (5/2)</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Scab workers hired (temporary workers) (5/3)</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Fired workers protested & blocked Scabs from entering factory. McCormick called police to keep the peace. Shots were fired and 6 protesters killed (5/3)</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c18">Haymarket Square Riot</span><span>. May 4th, 1886</span><span class="c18"><br></span><span class="c0">Germany Antichrists (weren’t apart of the Knights of Labor) planned a rally on 5/4.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ezovq39xoofx-3 start"><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">3,000 showed up. At the end of the day, 300 left and bomb was thrown at the police. Unclear who threw/made it.</span></li><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">7 police killed, 60 police injured, 30 protesters injured. 8 anarchist arrested (some executed, died in prison, served life-sentence).</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ezovq39xoofx-4 start"><li class="c8 c21 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Police/government went after the Anarchist and Knights of Labors</span></li><li class="c8 c21 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Unions became less aggressive</span></li><li class="c8 c21 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People dropped their Knights of labors members to not be associated with the group. Membership dropped to a few hundred in a few years.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.gll0lfr5r0ee"><span class="c6">American Federation of Labor (AFL)</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_zgklnmrqu0f-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">President: Samuel Gomper</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Pure and Simple” Moderate Unionism. Was not aggressive like Knights of Labor. Their goal was for the AFL to be long-lasting.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Membership requirements: US-born Skilled workers</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_zgklnmrqu0f-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Immigrants and unskilled workers who are suffering the most didn’t benefit.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_zgklnmrqu0f-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">AFL had 2 mil members out of the total 2.7 million Americans who were in a union.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.edxfmi592gov"><span class="c6">Bosses & Machines</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c27 c18">Bosses</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_m1ie75ftnnqb-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">A city government employee (no higher positions like at the state/federal level)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People would want to develop a relationship with these Bosses to get something from them (favors).</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Bosses mainly relied on partisan voters to stay in office (committed voters even if candidate has been in the wrong).</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c18 c27">Machines</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3cvpkma42tr5-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Group of people who work for the Boss</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Machines do the dirty work for the boss. Machines would get benefits from the boss.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">This political structure was very common.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Very few Bosses have served time/gotten punishment. It was seen as impossible.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.bgfur8av23ew"><span class="c9">Boss Tweed</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Boss Tweed was the Boss of the New York (his machine was called Tammany Hall).</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Boss Tweed was one of the few Bosses arrested. He got arrested for fraud and died in prison. His machine kept going and supporting other bosses.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.qt77y82yiaso"><span class="c6">Forms of Leisure: Coney Island, Brooklyn</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Paying money to have fun was a new concept in the Gilden Age.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Coney Island was originally made for the middle class, but soon, the New Wave Immigrants started going to Coney Island. Middle-class people didn’t want to interact with the inferior (New Wave immigrants). Middle-class wanted to separate themselves from the inferior.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.sl5tygkc2zia"><span class="c6">Middle Class Society & Culture</span></h2><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.ol228o28lwh9"><span class="c9">Victorian Morality</span></h3><p class="c8"><span>Middle class men & women expected to follow these rules of </span><span class="c20">Victorian Morality</span><span class="c0"> to show that they’re better than the New Wave Immigrants and the working class because of their self-restraint. They avoid an excess of everything (sex, alcohol consumption, excess food consumption, excess gambling). They used this manner to say “I’m better than you”. All of these standards were passed down to their kids.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.o9e9o88ijzwx"><span class="c9">The Cult of Domesticity</span></h3><p class="c8"><span>Middle class Women also had to follow </span><span class="c20">the Cult of Domesticity</span><span>. Home and work is seen as separate (something working class would not afford as they worked at home). As a result, the home became a sanctuary away from work. Known as </span><span class="c20">Angels of the household</span><span class="c0">, the middle class women were responsible for decorating homes (table cloths, table setting, cloth napkins)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.xs99lq7rryxt"><span class="c9">Department Stores</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">aka “Palaces of Consumption”</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Angels of the household went to the Department Stores to buy consumer items for their homes to prevent interacting with the working class at street-side shops. These department stores were fancy and make the women feel like a queen. (Piano, couches to rest, food court, etc.)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">A job in the department store is ideal (usually only for middle class girls).</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.m16ndkd3pm9z"><span class="c13">1/13/2020 [SNOW DAY]</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Class cancelled because of snow.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c3"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.6xqrpuq7lbe0"><span class="c13">1/14/2020 [SNOW DAY]</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Class cancelled because of snow.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c3"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.l6i5it2m3zwj"><span class="c13">1/15/2020 [SNOW DAY]</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c33">Class cancelled because of snow.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.s13b1zhkcnq4"><span class="c13">1/16/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">No school Monday (1/20)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Start searching for 5 academic sources and preparing for in-class essay (on 1/27)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h1 class="c15" id="h.q6nuvk2yd5gz"><span class="c12">The Progressive Era</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1900-1917 (1917. US enters WW1)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">“Clean up period” for the Gilded Age</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pp8n1jj2qyso-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Clean up dead animals</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Sewer system. Children are playing with the open sewers</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Reliable free public education. There was no required education</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Make the city physically look better (pave roads, run-down buildings)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.44veeagmfm45"><span class="c6">Progressives</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">They were all over the country, but all believed in the following:</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Disagreed with Social Darwinism. They believed in structure/infurtecutre issues</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Not having access to food</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Low wages</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Lack of opportunities</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Reacted to Industrialization. There wasn’t enough time for resource to catch up to industrialization.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Not enough time to build schools/safety nets</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Wanted active role of government. More government involvement.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">More laws (especially those that are followed)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Less corruption</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Emphasize organization & efficiency</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sbrb7oww84s0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Looked at statistics, interviewed. Systematic approach. Very by the book and orderly</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">There are a lot of women involved. For example, the “Housewives Alliance” group.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">People call them clubs, but they’re more like agency. Women treated it like full time jobs.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.b3pskkeengh"><span class="c9">Women in the Progressive Era</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Rise in College-educated Women. In 1910, 40% of college students were women (current > 50%)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Many women graduated and couldn’t find a job that matches their degree. So they brought their knowledge to the clubs.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In 1910 ¼ of all workers were women. There was a wide variety of jobs (not just office work)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Lawyers</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Journalist</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dentists</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Surgeon/Doctor</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Miner</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Banking</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Butcher</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">But there was still a pay gap</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In 1916 Divorse Rate = 1 in 9 (was 1 in 12. Currently 1 in 2)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People were scared.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Municipal Housekeepers”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They’re gonna save the whole city. Making sure all kids across the city were fed. It gave women who had the finance and time a purpose/sense of identity</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Failure of Suffrage Campaigns</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2n9v7pcav5rj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In some states, women still wouldn’t vote</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Getting involved with the clubs/campaigns was a way to make a difference.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.srkj74r16vpl"><span class="c6">Muckrakers (Journalists)</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">They rake up the crap in society and put it out there for people to see.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">They wrote articles and books of topics that were hurting people in hopes for new laws</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.4lpqpuappsc2"><span class="c9">McClure’s Magazine</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Filled with scandals and stories from Muckrakers</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">This one Muckraker found that young women working in shoe factory didn’t have fingernails. Went undercover as a worker. Found out that the women dipping the shoes in dye didn’t wear gloves. She wrote it in McClure's Magazine and the public went after the company.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.domx2yvqh8o3"><span class="c13">1/21/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">In class essay - Monday 1/27. BUY A GREEN BOOK + Pen/Pencil</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_iem9udqafddn-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Option: bring printed copy of reading + index card of notes</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Three sources from different geographical regions</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">While reading, list challenges that each group faced</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_iem9udqafddn-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Family issues/family drama</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Stopping people from harassing them because of their long beard.</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c3">No discussion this week - prepare for the in class essay</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Extra credit activity “WWI diaries” Due 1/27</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Midterm Thursday 2/6</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.8tapk21hvt32"><span class="c6">The Reform Campaigns</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_4ot9ihpyq5de-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Settlement Houses</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Industrial Safety</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">City Beautiful Campaigns</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Public Health</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Food and Drug Regulations</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.3usv2x2tmokd"><span class="c6">Settlement House</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Like a daycare, boys & girls club, reading/writing schools</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Middle class educated women (mostly young white, unmarried) ran these. They were old houses that the women lived in and provided resources for women and kids.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_8zf1nswa8hm3-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hull House in Chicago (Created by Jane Addams)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Henry Street in New York</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Neighborhood House in Seattle</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span>Settlement House workers got paid. Mainly new wave/working class workers. Different social classes and ethics living together under the same roof (</span><span class="c20">surprising</span><span class="c0">).</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17 c10" id="h.mopjq8eelydb"><span class="c9">Henry Street Settlement House</span></h3><p class="c8 c10"><span class="c0">NYC, 1910</span></p><p class="c8 c10"><span class="c0">Staged photos</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ku7npotvsknh-0 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Very tall walls - safety</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Children are painting</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">White clothes - abundant supplies of clean materials</span></li></ul><p class="c4 c10"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8 c10"><span class="c0">Was in an alleyway, Turned it into a garden/park</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.hbh637xl8bt3"><span class="c6">Industrial Safety</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Women (angels of the household) fighting for new laws. These women weren’t viewed as threatening. They played on the “I am helping you” (politicians were scared of the factory workers. The women weren’t workers in the factory and were middle-class).</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_jev0npvvwfp4-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">8 hour days, $2 wage/day</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In the 1950s, they were able to get 50 new safety laws</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">30 states banned child labor (under 10 years old)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women fighting </span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.hsbuqroyoauw"><span class="c6">City Beautiful Campaigns</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Cities spent a lot of money to make the city cleaner, safer, healthier.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_x8k252f6zakb-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chicago spent 300 million (progressive era $) to clear up the city (new sewers, dead animal collection system, regular garbage clean up)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chicago built playgrounds with a tall fence and barbed wire. The message is that these kids will be safe. </span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_x8k252f6zakb-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">compared to previously where kids played on the street, near dumpsters and dead animals, this was much safer</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.krb2yzu1w98s"><span class="c6">Public Health</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q3hpy8fmf3w0-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Infant mortality rate went down</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Terburlocus death rate went down</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Shared scientific research (large posters). Basic health stuff</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q3hpy8fmf3w0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Washing hands. Soap</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Keeping germs to yourself</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Covering coughs</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Avoid crowds</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q3hpy8fmf3w0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Kids forced to go to school and forced health examinations at schools</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.yinjkowsdyii"><span class="c6">Food and Drug Regulations</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">People were getting sick because of contaminated foods (mainly milk and meats). Milk wasn’t pasteurized</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.z55rezat76t0"><span class="c9">Meat</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">“The Jungle” book written by Upton Sinclair (muckraker) exposed the meatpacking plants</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dm63a3wmwxv6-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Rat poop all over the meat. Used factories used poisonous bread to kill rats were also put into machines with meat and dead rats to create sausage</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He went undercover. After his book was published, the public now knew why they were getting sick.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.6j3f1u6vfyx8"><span class="c9">Medicine</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Medicine was falsely advertised and contaminated</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oj6yd0n26as6-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hamlin’s Wizard Oil was just cooking vegetable oil. It claims to cure: Toothache, Sore Throat, Sprains, Bruise, Cramps, Rheumatism</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">As a result, the USDA was created. People now wanted to buy meat from the US because it was certified.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Rev. Paul Smith, American Social Hygiene Association created a drawing of a monster with arms. Each arm represented a thought of things that would hurt people.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_c9z2js2vbi8v-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">French houses (brothel)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Anti-immigrant</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.rcdp726e4h1j"><span class="c6">Moral Control in Cities</span></h2><h2 class="c11" id="h.b42bgi1wns6a"><span class="c6">The “Social Evil” (Prostitution)</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">People wanted to end prostitution. Publically shamed prostitutes and their customers. Laws eventually changed and made prostitution illegal.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.fljvhws0vwn2"><span class="c6">Americanization programs</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">If there is a new wave immigrant who’s going to be working in a settlement house, they were taught how to be more American (cook food, write/read in English, change hairstyle, the way acted, learned the pledge of allegiance). </span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.btl035i6oq29"><span class="c6">Dance Hall Girls</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">San Francisco</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Charge men 10 cents for a fully clothed slow dance.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The California Civic Leauge thoughts these girls were vulnerable to become prostitutes. The middle-class women tried to provide jobs that were “appropriate”. The Dance Hall Girls wrote very direct and verbal letters rejecting them.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.9wjrmmywh5ym"><span class="c13">1/22/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">In class essay</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_8oz9yv2mpuwa-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Traditional narrative format (partial intro/conclusion)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Argument ideas: A challenge that unites all three groups. One group had it harder/better off compared to the others. Topics to focus on: Work, stability in family</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h1 class="c15" id="h.8arcilz12flj"><span class="c12">World War I</span></h1><p class="c8"><span>WWI was 1914 → 1918</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span>The </span><span class="c0">first “Total War”</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_1239ermn4021-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">60 million fought</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">8.5 million died in battle</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">21 million wounded</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">8 million civilians killed</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">And the economies were hurt/stressed</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span>During WWI, they started paying attention to mental health (PTSD used to be called Shell Shock).</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span>The mindset of people in the united states will shift because of the war. A lot of the ideas such as improving factories and progress were set aside because “there isn’t time for it”.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.nfpf4t5glwdu"><span>Start of the War (1914)</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_v3ixohqjnuhy-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Franz Ferdinand and wife were assassinated in Sarajevo (June 18, 1914).</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Austro-Hungary declared war with</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Many countries joined through alliances. These alliances were very old.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_o8rnnz9956bj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Allies (France, Great Britain & Russia)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey))</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Tangled web of alliances. Involved in war through contract even if they won’t want to be involved. </span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_o8rnnz9956bj-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">European countries all wanted more land</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The US believed it didn’t need alliances because it was surrounded by water. In the 1800s, the US was very isolated from world affairs. Nowadays, the US is known as the global police (military troops everywhere. Gets involved with everything, everywhere).</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The US wants to stay neutral. Realistically, we weren’t</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_636jm3dutrun-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">President Wilson’s Anglophilia</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Economic ties between US and Great Britain (if Great Britain’s economy went down, so would the US)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US Bank Loans: JP Morgan loaned $500 million to Allies</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">By 1917: $2.3 billion loaned to Allies vs. $27 million loaned to Germany. Government loans</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Kids learned about the 13 original colonies. Felt like a little sibling to Great Britain</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">US think of The Central Powers as only Germany (forgets about the rest of the countries)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c27 c18">Trench Warfare</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ox1da8i75zld-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">12 ft tall</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dead bodies, rats</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Close proximity: disease</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Flooded with water and raw sewage</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c27 c18">German U-Boats (submarine)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">May 7, 1915, German U-boats sunk the British Lusitania (civilian passengers. 128 Americans killed. 1198 total killed)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c27 c18">Zimmerman Telegram</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c14">The breaking point that caused US to join the war.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">German’s Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman send a coded telegram (supposed to be secret) to Germany’s Ambassador in Mexico. The message was captured, decoded, and published in the US.</span></p><p class="c8 c10"><span class="c0">The message said if you can persuade Mexico to declare war on the US, Germany would help Mexico get their “lost territories” back. In 1846-1848, Mexico lost half its land to the US in a war.</span></p><p class="c8 c10"><span class="c0">April 2, 1917: Congress voted for war</span></p><p class="c4 c10"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The thought of losing that land pushed the US into WWI.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.ok1uqozfhg2t"><span class="c13">1/23/2020</span></h4><h3 class="c17" id="h.dlkexc9ao8ck"><span class="c9">Mobilizing at Home (1917)</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The government became more involved with people’s lives at home in the US. It was easy for the government to be intrusive because of war.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">April 1917: US unprepared with only 120,000 in Amry and 80,000 in national Guard</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Never served in combat (inexperienced)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Higher ranked soldiers were either very young & inexperienced or very old & outdated experiences.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Didn’t train with new warfare technology</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">May 1917: Selective Service Act for men 21-31, later 18-45, to register for draft</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">24 million registered</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">3 million got drafted</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US was very desperate and increased draft to 18-45</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Segregated military by race until 1950s (past WWI)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some branches of the military banned certain races (no blacks in marines)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Soldiers & Sex Education</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lvydxf2f6ryw-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Progressive Era activists took moral control (no prostitutes, stds (venereal disease), etc.) and taught it in military boot camps.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.aphwfhuwmaxh"><span class="c9">Government involvement in Economy during War</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">War Industries Board mobilized economy</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Fuel Administration went to factories and changed their products to items the military needed through war contracts (Textile → uniforms for soldiers). Companies aren’t used to this government control. But since it was wartime, Robber Barrans/CEOs put up with it because they don’t want to be shamed for anti-war/anti-American.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Fuel Administration</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Introduced Daylight Savings</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Families started burning wood instead of coal. Coal was sent to military</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Food Administration</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Told people what you can/can’t eat</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Herbert Hoover rationed wheat, meat, and sugar</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_toadfcazrhh0-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Herbert Hoovers was a hero during WWI. He created a food surplus and feed orphans/soldiers of the Allies</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Later, the US starves during the Great Depression and Hoover was blamed</span></li><li class="c1 c25 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0"></span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Government wanted everyone involved.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Positive advertisement</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_91sk6y1cmp6h-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Boys and Girls can help by raising sheep (join Sheep Cllub). 20 sheep = new uniform for a soilder</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Shaming advertisements</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9za7q5frm845-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Food is Ammunition - Don’t waste it.”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Grow your own food/eat canned foods</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If you were found to have bread, you were shamed</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Eat less wheat, meat, sugar, and fats to save for the army and our associates”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Neighbors were the moral police (they shamed people. Encouraged by the government)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c27 c18">Financial Support</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pnfqzyptvaag-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Liberty Loans (war bonds)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pnfqzyptvaag-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">5-20 year period</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pnfqzyptvaag-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Federal income tax. If you complained, you got shamed</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Committee on Public Information (CPI) led wartime propaganda</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pnfqzyptvaag-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Targeted immigrants from Central Power countries</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pnfqzyptvaag-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They were lynched. People thought of them as spies</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pnfqzyptvaag-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Immigrants from neutral countries were also targeted because they weren’t on the US’s side</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Names of food changed (Hamburger → liberty sandwich)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.t8xh66pbbe6"><span class="c6">End of The War</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Nov 11th, 1918</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Buggy Poppy (linked to opium)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">US only spent 1.5 years fighting WW1. Long peace process. Some people think that the US was more involved with the peace process than the fighting.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.v79gifcilw2z"><span class="c9">Treaty of Versailles</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">June 1919</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_56c8vbsvqjze-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Germany disarmed & stripped of its colonies</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Forced to admit sole blame of WWI</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Reparation payment of $5 billion</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Germany lost 1/10 of its population and ⅛ of its territory</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Seems to only punish Germany (rest of the Central Powers countries seem to disappear)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">As a result, Germany is a financial reck. Historians now see that the treaty was a motivation for Germany to push back.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.dlz25vapgdon"><span class="c9">League of Nationals</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">President Willson Woodrow’s idea. It doesn’t exist anymore. </span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Goal to prevent war</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_4o75lsuuaab9-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Talk it out. Create a peace treaty</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Similar to the UN</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">US was never apart of it</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5x8hbbq0pavn-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Very partisan. Some politicians didn’t want to join because they’re against Democrats.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People didn’t want to get involved with world affairs</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">39 Republican Senators rejected on February 1919</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Wilson’s speaking tour of 37 speeches in 22 days. Got serious stroke and incompasastated for the rest of his term (2 years)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1937 poll: 70% of people said WWI was a mistake to get involved with</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.okrkp2ynr3oc"><span class="c13">1/27/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c0">In-class essay today</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.pwp9vpz42elw"><span class="c13">1/28/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Extra credit due tonight</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">In-class essay returned by monday</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h1 class="c15" id="h.nb7z17atp5jz"><span class="c12">1920s</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The 1920s showed trends which are still present today.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.zcuor49e94g6"><span class="c6">1920s Consumer Culture</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1919 Consumer debt of $2.6 billion rose to $7.1 billion in 1929</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Buying things on credit</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Used to have to set up individual accounts with stores</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Everyone was economically well. Unemployment rate: 3%. So people felt okay to spend</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Consumer Durables Revolution</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Consumer Durables: Heavy duty items you don’t throw away</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Cars, Appliances, Irons, Radios</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Intense social pressure to buy consumer durables. They felt like they had to buy a car/other consumer durables.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Automobile Craze: Ford Model T.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Weekly payment plan</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Ford Model T. costed $300-$400 in 1920s. About $3,500 nowadays</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In 1910s, only elites owned cars. In 1930, 60% of families own a car</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chain stores and fast food restaurants</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Drive-up (eat in your car)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">When people keep buying on credit, they have more cash on hand to eat out.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">New housecleaning technology</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Toaster</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Vacuum cleaners</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Irons</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Refrigerator (ice box)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Created new job: Iceman. Delivered ice to your doorstep every day</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">As a result, people bought more food</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Washing machines</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Gas powered</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">You have to stand by the machine & manually insert each clothing then use the built-in roller to remove excess water</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">This actually added to the household cleaning work. Took longer</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gwftks0kgyb-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">As a result, there are higher expectations. Houses must be cleaner. Laundry must be spotless. Bread must be sliced nicely and toasted</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.obthqnrtigna"><span class="c6">The “New Woman”</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sujbr0axdd5s-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Changes in fashion and hair</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sujbr0axdd5s-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Shorter dresses</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Short hair. The bob hair cut</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Tie & bow</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No more hourglass look</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sujbr0axdd5s-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Carefree attitude</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sujbr0axdd5s-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Didn’t care about consequences. Even personal safety</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Smoking cigarettes</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sujbr0axdd5s-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Flapper rejected the “Angel of the Household” of the 19th century</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dating became more casual</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sujbr0axdd5s-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Going out on a date just to see if you like them used to be uncommon.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dating used to have a lot of parent involvement</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.a3mp1hkpygb7"><span class="c9">Flappers</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tsvubdfrh7tz-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Young</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Flapper name came from their breads/dresses which made flapping noises</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Magazines (Vogue, Vanity Fair) should help spread and define the Flapper Look</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.rcu6u5e8ucw7"><span class="c6">Margaret Sanger & Birth Control Movement</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">White Middle class.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Founder of the American Birth Control League</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Birth Control was easier to get a hold of</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No hormone related birth controls. All barrier</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People know where to buy it</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">There was a High Maternal Death Rate. Women commonly died during/after giving birth.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Margaret helped mom spaced our pregnancies to help prolong lifespans.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Margaret mainly talked to married women/couples. Working class, poor, new wave immigrants. It wasn’t legal to send sex information in the mail</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Open the first birth control clinic in the US (Brooklyn, NYC. 1916)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In a heavily new wave immigrant location</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">She supported Eugenics.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guez9dm5b4ag-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Her first birth control clinic was in immigrant neighborhoods to decrease their reproduction rate (to create a superior rate)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Helped with contraceptives, but supports eugenics</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.5p38gqf4ngtm"><span class="c6">Prohibition</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_92rcxv6x0ssf-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1840s: Start of Temperance groups</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_92rcxv6x0ssf-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Wanted people to drink less</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Mainly religious communities. Focused on talking to individual, families. Used religious language (“going to hell”).</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_92rcxv6x0ssf-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1870s & 1880s: Anti-Saloon Leagues appear across the US</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_92rcxv6x0ssf-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dry-town: no alcohol</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">But, people just went to wet-towns to stock up on alcohol</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_92rcxv6x0ssf-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1920: 18th Amendment</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_92rcxv6x0ssf-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Illegal to manufacture and sell alcohol (but not to buy/drink alcohol)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Some people who understand psychology and addiction believed that prohibition was positive. They thought society would improve if alcohol was removed.</span></p><p class="c8"><span>“The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be only a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and comcribs. Men will walk upright now, women will smile, and the children will laugh.” - </span><span class="c14">Billy Sunday</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.9i6sf1xy4627"><span class="c9">Results of Prohibition</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3k9wk9q0ogs9-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Speakeasies opened & wealthy Ameriacns ignored the law</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3k9wk9q0ogs9-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Underground/hidden. Secret passage</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If caught, you just have to pay a fine. So wealthy people could afford it.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3k9wk9q0ogs9-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Rise in organized crime</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3k9wk9q0ogs9-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Smuggled alcohol into US from other countries</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3k9wk9q0ogs9-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Career advancement for women who supported prohibition</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3k9wk9q0ogs9-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If you stay that you will enforce prohibition, you were able to easily find a job.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.4p7jbgjvxj4"><span class="c13">1/29/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Discussion post #4</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_u72f6gsem2hs-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Find a newspaper from 1920-1929 in the database</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c3">Pick an article and answer the discussion questions</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Thursday 2/6 midterm. Bring one scantron and pencil</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Tuesday 2/11 annotated bibliography due</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.u94dv7gj294"><span class="c6">1920s Racism & Nativism</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1920s were one of the most racially hostile decades</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2c3oxnj07bi5-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>1915: D.W. Griffin, </span><span class="c20">The Birth of A Nation</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2c3oxnj07bi5-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Revolutionary film. “First movie”</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The movie was about a group of KKK characters</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The KKK existed in the 1800s, but died down in the late 1800s when the government officially declared them as a hate group. In the 1920s, the KKK rose back up because of this film. They expanded across all of US and widened groups that they attacked</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Inspired businessman out of Georgia to turn the KKK into an actual job.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.xemker8qoy15"><span class="c9">Ku Klux Klan</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_f0usygv180bv-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">New Marketing attracted members</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_f0usygv180bv-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Marketed to kids, moms, dads. Family group</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Picnics. State of Texas created a KKK day. KKK endorsements</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_f0usygv180bv-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Proud to say that they’re apart of the KKK</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">You had to pay money to join the group and buy official KKK attire</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1923: 5 million members</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1925: Decline of KKK amid Rape Scandal of Indiana’s Grand Wizard</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_f0usygv180bv-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Because the KKK was marketed as family orientated, this bad press cause many women and members to leave the group. They don’t want to be associated with this bad press</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span>As a result, they went back underground but rose again in the 1950s</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.36l28rr9125p"><span class="c9">Legal Nativism</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_inxymkvkfl3b-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1921 Immigration Quota Law:<br>“3% of each nationality group already in the U.S. allowed per year; ceiling of 357,803 immigrants per year; no more than 20% of a group’s quota allowed per month”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_inxymkvkfl3b-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some groups were excluded from this law because the agricultural industry needed farm labor (Ex. Canada, Latin America.)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_inxymkvkfl3b-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1924 National Origins Act</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_inxymkvkfl3b-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">2% per year of each group based upon 1890 census.<br>Instead of using population data from 1924, they used data from 1890. The 1890s was just at the start of the new wave immigration.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Targeted Asians Eastern and Southern Europeans</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">President Calvin Coolidge signed Act while saying “America must be kept American”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_inxymkvkfl3b-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">This was unusual for a president during times of peace to say hostile anti-immigrant statements</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_inxymkvkfl3b-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Immigration policy lasted until 1965</span></li></ul><h3 class="c17 c22" id="h.v11qv2g2ss6c"><span class="c9"></span></h3><h3 class="c17 c10" id="h.catgawydz7wh"><span class="c9">Mexican immigration</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_grglvp4do1y-0 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1920s: California’s Mexican American population of 90,000 grew to 360,000</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">By 1930, 2 million Mexican immigrants in the US</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.f26u9yd3jw05"><span class="c6">Eugenics</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ktynslrxi5ml-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The control of reproduction including forced sterilization in order to create a “superior race”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People were experimenting with plants and animals to create a superior race. They then decided to try it on humans.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Forced sterilization to young girls and boys who had disabilities (mental health issues, down syndrome)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ktynslrxi5ml-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Adults in the community (teachers, parents, religious leaders) should send someone’s name to the Eugenic board to have them investigated</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ktynslrxi5ml-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Oregon & other states sterilized “feeble minded girls”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c20">Buck v. Bell</span><span class="c0"> (1927): Supreme Court upheld legality of Eugenics</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ktynslrxi5ml-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Carrie and Emma Buck sued Bell, the medical director</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Supreme Court said that it is okay for anyone who’s disabled to be forcibly sterilized</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Reverted in 1970s</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.6os8ykcrf110"><span class="c6">Harlem Renaissance</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Artistic movement in Harlem, New York: music, painting, writing</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">African American writers and artists rose</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.u1pm3uxmspjn"><span class="c13">1/30/2020</span></h4><h1 class="c15" id="h.rkiqh9we4yp0"><span class="c12">The Great Depression & The New Deal</span></h1><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.3vwfptrtl3r0"><span>The Great Depression</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1929-1943</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_7pw4t9k8j87v-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1928-1929: Surge in Stock Market speculation, $87 billion in 1929</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_7pw4t9k8j87v-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People bought stocks on credit and didn’t diversify their portfolio</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Over inflate stocks</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_7pw4t9k8j87v-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1929, October 29: Stock market crash. Prices dropped to a more realistic price. Approximately $50 billion lost</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.h2nkmz50xodn"><span>US Joins the Global Depression</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">US joins the already existent Global Depression</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dy7gag6r21vc-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Europe struggled with wartime debt</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dy7gag6r21vc-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US loaned money to Europe/the central powers. Not getting that money back</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They aren’t able to buy US goods (no money)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dy7gag6r21vc-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US and Europe now could not buy American goods</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1930: 1,352 banks failed & $830 million deposits lost</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1931: 2,300 banks failed & $1.7 billion lost</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">20% unemployment rate (up to 24% in 1933). Was originally 3%</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.n8y647e25bz6"><span class="c9">Hoover’s Response, 1929-1932</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Hoover’s responses didn’t work.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_6pqb6e65cz2w-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Relied on voluntary aid associations</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_6pqb6e65cz2w-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Didn’t work because no one has any excess to donate (money, blankets, food, etc.). They either didn’t have it or were too scared to give</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_6pqb6e65cz2w-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The “Bitter Bread of Charity”: Aid humiliated and disciplined the poor</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_6pqb6e65cz2w-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If someone’s asking for extra food, the person who’s helping others has the right to humiliate and blame them (Ex. “you’re a bad father”)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_6pqb6e65cz2w-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Government had a “hands off” response. Compared to FDR who had a “hands on” response (government’s here to help)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Was a hero in WW1, but reputation fell as president. He wasn’t able to connect with the people</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Hoovervilles</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_demkg8ktbk1u-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Political protest. “Hoover isn’t doing enough”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Seattle</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Pipe City” in Oakland</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.anlmi9tq7kyy"><span class="c9">Life during the Great Depression</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1932: 250,000 nomadic families</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Sole purpose is looking for work</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People thought there was work in the west. Many migrated out west (but elders were left behind in their original town)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The elderly had no one to take care of them. This sparked the social security act</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women’s unemployment rate was over 20%</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Laws kept married women out of the workplace. “Husbands work”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">26 out of 48 states (only 48 states during the great depression) proposed bills to try to ban married women from having a paid job. Only Louisiana successfully passed the law.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">2 million women housecleaners didn't earn minimum wage</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Minimum wage was new in 1930 and excluded housecleaners. 25 cents/hour.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Birth control was easier to obtain because people couldn’t afford kids</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Divorce rate increased (financial stress)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">High school enrollment increased. There were no jobs, so education was preferred</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">¼ of all farm families on public or private aid</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Droughts, dustbowls, flooding. Can’t farm</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Mortgage foreclosures of farms across the US</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_oglnw1t9ijo-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">When banks closed, farm owners were forced to pay all their mortgages now</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.1hi09ff4xvxf"><span class="c9">Mexican Repatriation</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Scapegoat for people in the west. Removing Mexican immigrants will free-up jobs for white people.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_hjnnp78zm0dq-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">½ million Mexicans returned to Mexico in the 1930s, some voluntary and many by force</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They went to large corporate farms and offered Mexican looking labors a free one-way train ticket to Mexico. This was originally voluntary, but soon became forced deportation “round ups”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_hjnnp78zm0dq-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Anyone who looks Mexican got sent to Mexico. Including people who aren’t mexican</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_hjnnp78zm0dq-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">70,000 Mexicans left Los Angeles in 1931</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.ge2i4nm0r0hm"><span class="c13">2/3/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c18 c33">Absent. WC FBLA Regionals. Notes from Michael’s voice recording</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c42"><a class="c35" href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://drive.google.com/open?id%3D1ifVjwIi9i1-bRDCtCju-GpGei-VMq1V0&sa=D&ust=1611373708772000&usg=AOvVaw1Y2o1wNlDd0qxsw2JBhVtL">https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ifVjwIi9i1-bRDCtCju-GpGei-VMq1V0</a></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.lqdawhh0wha8"><span class="c9">Bonus Marchers</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Bonus Marchers were WW1 veterans. They were promised a 20 year bonus for their service (little per year). They didn’t receive the money because the US was in a financial problem. They asked congress to give them that money early. Congress said no. 10,000 marched in Washington and built their homeless camps in eye-shot of washington. Hoover told General Douglas MacArthur to get rid of these homeless veterans. So, they burn down the veteran’s hooverville. Hoover’s reputation went down (his election was in a few months). People believe he’s a cruel man. FDR won election</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.x1m2jnkxgjar"><span class="c6">First New Deal</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">FDR’s economic stimulation programs in hope to getting out of the great depression</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">There were two new deals. Change of relationships with government</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">FDR noticed and stated problems. They brought up things people were afraid of. He related to the people.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">FDR said the would create a new deal, but they didn’t exactly know what it would be. He hired a Brain Trust (people behind the new deals). The Brain Trust contains people from all different political parties. If FDR thought you were able to come up with a solution, he hired you. He didn’t just hire politicians, he had professors (from all different field: psychology, lawyers), people who ran settlement houses, and muckrakers.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The first thing the Brain Trust did was address the bank crisis. First thing FDR did was president</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_azjrwkh1lh5-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">March 6, 1933. National Banking Holiday. All banks closed for 4 days. This was a trick to make sure banks were stable and able to reopen. If they were not financially healthy, they had to remain close.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">FDIC was created ($5,000 guaranteed). FDIC is still around</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c27 c18">Alphabet soup groups</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.czkoqbxecyow"><span class="c9">CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Public loved</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_8l4hob15rh7l-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Teenage boys signed up. Only boys worked in this program</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Competitive program</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Took young boys from high crime areas and moved them to deforested/rual areas to plant trees</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Housed in military barracks. Food was included</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">$30-35/month. Didn’t have to spend money on housing/food. There was nothing to spend that money on in that area. Therefore, nearly the full pay check got sent back to the family.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Not only brought jobs, but also a crime reduction program</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">500,000 boys first year. Kept expanding. 1942 = 3 million workers</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Also helped the military (they didn’t know this). The CCC training was very similar to military training. They were all physically ready to go to the military.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.1z6nb2sr5z8c"><span class="c9">PWA (Public Works Association)</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">People really liked this group. Large scale construction group.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tnf0etyciseq-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Grand coulee dam, large airports, rest stops</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tnf0etyciseq-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People not only made money but also proud of their work. People got very proud of work by the PWA</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tnf0etyciseq-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hired men. Women left out</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Got paycheck from government. Shifted people’s mindset that government assistance is okay</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Removed the “bitter bread of charity”</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.dmrp4krn2bid"><span class="c13">2/4/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c33">Mid-term. Won’t need to know specific dates. But you will need to know general time periods (chronology)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.duea1vrefabr"><span class="c9">AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Greatly disliked</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_laa087myr2gp-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Too many farmed goods on the market. Remove surplus to let farmers charge a higher price</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_laa087myr2gp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Instead of giving surplus to food banks & charities, they just threw it away</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_laa087myr2gp-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Paid farmers to stop producing wheat, corn, cotton, pigs, and dairy (subsidy)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_laa087myr2gp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No work for farm laborers (unemployment)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_laa087myr2gp-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Greatly disliked. Many blamed the AAA for their unemployment</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.wrvjurz4psrm"><span class="c9">TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_vzaxfwqk7p6b-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Tennessee Valley area has no electricity, running water, very underdeveloped</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Built hydro powered dams using the rivers</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_vzaxfwqk7p6b-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Advanced the economic development of the entire Tennessee River Valley</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Created jobs for architects, engineers, construction workers, scientists, and clerks</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_vzaxfwqk7p6b-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Men mainly benefited from the first new deal because it required physical strength.</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women found ways to make money from the TVA.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_vzaxfwqk7p6b-3 start"><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">There were no hotels. Women made money by housing and feeding workers. Sold packed lunches to construction workers. Rent rooms.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_vzaxfwqk7p6b-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Brought electricity and running water to one of the poorest areas in the nation</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.twgvce29d3u2"><span class="c9">Results of the First New Deal</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_i5znp5ictg7a-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">FDR began to strengthen the role and authority of the federal government</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Federal government programs changed the prior idea of “charity aid”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Did not end the Great Depression. Neither of the new deals got the US out of the great depression</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.ywaimxh7qowe"><span class="c9">Critics of FDR</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1934-1935</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Father Coughlin</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Detroit Catholic priest with an audience of millions</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Not a politician (not going to run for president)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Anti-FDR</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Conservative</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Large figure. Could sway votes</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Fan base primarily of the lower middle class. Working in automotive industy</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dr. Francies Townsend</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Elderly CA physician</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Not a politician (not going to run for president)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span>Proposed the government pay $200 per month to </span><span class="c20">retired </span><span>people </span><span class="c20">over 60 years </span><span class="c0">(60 was very old back then)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">$200 is more than most people get from a job. More people will want to retire (more open jobs) and they would send money (up the economy)</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">First person to bring up this idea</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Concerned about all the elderly people left in hometown by nomadic workers</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Retirees would have had to spend the money in 30 days</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Louisiana’s Huey Long</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Share the Wealth”<br>$5,000 to every family</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Distribute money from the rich</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Higher corporate taxes</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_2fsd4oksvbtl-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Seasoned politician. FDR thought he was a legitimate challenger for president</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Limit personal fortunes to $1 million</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Old age pension of $30 a month to people over 60 years old</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.mfnfcuvby6et"><span class="c6">Second New Deal</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1943-1936</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.rbhfu789cnva"><span class="c9">(WPA) Works Progress Association</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_bq43lnwfyoju-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">8 million construction workers, writers, artists, photographers, and musicians employed between 1935-1942</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_bq43lnwfyoju-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">First new deal focused on construction jobs. The Works Progress Association helps bring jobs to artists.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_bq43lnwfyoju-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Employed 10,000 jobless writers</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Oral Histories of immigrants and former slaves</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.1xapb4bioy7"><span class="c9">Social Security Act of 1935</span></h3><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q3cixbjt75xw-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The major accomplishment of the New Deal</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Established worker’s pensions, unemployment insurance, survivor’s benefits for industrial accidents (if spouse killed on job), aid for disabled, aid for single mothers</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Ignored farmers, domestic workers, and self-employed</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q3cixbjt75xw-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Mainly immigrants, people of color, and women</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Updated in the 1950s to include them</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q3cixbjt75xw-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Embraced by people during the 1930s</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>“A monthly check to you” Age 65</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.6g8lspfhrefk"><span class="c13">2/5/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c18 c33 c39">Today is test prep/review day</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Study Guide Topics:</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">1-5 gilded age</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">6-8 progressive era</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">9 ww1 (only 1 question)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">10-15 1920s</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c33">16-17 great depression and new deal</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c3"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Use elimination. Be careful with wording</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Scantron + pencil. Graded same day, in a few hours</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.xcukg5qqf6os"><span class="c13">2/6/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Mid-term</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.c7955gi3oswf"><span class="c13">2/10/2020</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Annotated bibliography due tomorrow (2/11)</span></p><h1 class="c15" id="h.1saic74879ow"><span class="c12">***POST MID-TERM***</span></h1><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h1 class="c15" id="h.2f68h7u9y0k6"><span class="c12">World War II</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1939-1945</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Wartime jobs from WWII got the US out of the great depression.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">51 million died (most are non-combatent/cilivians)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">At the very start of WWII, the US was still trying to be neutral</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_c5bi8tbmw5cr-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some people said that get involved with WWI (loaning money, etc.) caused the great depression</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.atlbeolrg0wq"><span class="c6">Rise of Aggression in Europe and Asia</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_445y12gc5j5e-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1930s: Authoritarian governments in Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Greece</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1922-1943: Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Nationalist Socialist Party (Nazis) gained power in Germany in late 1920s</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Nazis targeted Jews, homosexuals, communists, disabled, and political enemies</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.cq66x7t1twq3"><span class="c6">Appeasement</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Giving a little bit just to get them to go away.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_8oksego4f86a-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Practiced by Great Britain & France</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1938: Hitler demanded Germany’s right to Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Britain’s Chamberlain compromised with Hilter by using “Appeasement” strategy</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_8oksego4f86a-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Britain gave the land in hopes to Hitler not bothering them again </span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Germany was breaking rules from the Treaty of Versailles</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.nxn85k932lr4"><span class="c6">Japan</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_10nu0lpc0t1v-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">General Hideki Tojo (later Prime Minister)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Interested in expansion</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1937: Declared war against China</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.xb419g3tfty6"><span class="c6">Neutrality Acts, 1935-1937</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">These say to the world that we’re staying neutral</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lfqal37v9rm0-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Outlawed the sales of weapons & loans to nations at war</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lfqal37v9rm0-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People were very concerned about loans from WWI</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lfqal37v9rm0-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Forbade Americans from traveling on ships of warring countries</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.y23134vrl6np"><span class="c6">Leading up to WWII</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gbdzce6yoqvj-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">August 1939: Hilter & Stalin former Germany-Soviet pact</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_gbdzce6yoqvj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Both don’t like each other, but they both wanted to expand and this pact helped</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Soviet Union & Germany promised not to fight & to divide Poland after it was invaded by Germany</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Britain & France promised to defend Poland</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">September 1, 1939: Hilter invaded Poland</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">September 3, 1939: Britain declares war on Germany. Soviet Union forced to side with Germany</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.wpbab9pxai5c"><span class="c6">Cash & Carry Plan, 1939</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Removed all risks from the US. Allowed them the US to make money.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_g8gdl38j5ve-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Neutrality Acts amended for US to sell weapons and non-military supplies to countries at war</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Required they pay cash & carry weapons on their own ships</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Allowed the US to profit from the war</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.mjer6o7f71p0"><span class="c6">Pearl harbor</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tomhd3laclog-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Japan wanted empire to include China, southeast Asia, western Pacific (expand land)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US put oil trade embargo on Japan</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The US had military bases in the pacific (area that Japan wanted to claim)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">September 1940: Japan, Germany, Italy signed “Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis” military alliance</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c18">Timeline:</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tomhd3laclog-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Sunday, December 7, 1941: Japanese planes attacked navy base on Oahu, hawaii</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tomhd3laclog-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">2,000 dead. 1,000+ injuries</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_tomhd3laclog-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">December 8, 1941: US declare war against Japan</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">3 days later, Germany & italy declare war against US (because they’re allies with Japan)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.g9oxd71ozzrz"><span class="c6">The Battlefront in Europe</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_kgdz18bs6w6-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Approach of Allies: Attach Germany first, Japan second</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The US haven’t be preparing or fighting since WWI</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.e1ijvzp6bsrm"><span class="c6">War in the Pacific</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_cioll9o6vhx1-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Philippines, Australia, China, Indonesia, Thailand, plus smaller South Pacific Islands</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">General Douglas MacArthur’s “Island Hopping”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_cioll9o6vhx1-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span>Taking control of islands, inching towards Japan</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.2jmsgbiv0nqy"><span class="c6">The Holocaust</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Pattern of genecide</span></p><ol class="c7 lst-kix_n941ki86cpc8-0 start" start="1"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Group getting labeled</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Group isolated<br>Jews not allowed to work for the government/university, or go to university.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Slow stripping away of civil rights<br>No longer German citizens, can’t vote, can’t marry.</span></li></ol><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.uvg4f6l8v2rr"><span class="c6">Jewish Migration</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_58hvk3cjnsmw-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">By 1939: 300,000 Jews fled Germany. 200,000 fled Austria</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>June 1939: 900 jewish refugees arrived on </span><span class="c20">St. Louis </span><span class="c0">ship in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida & sent back to Germany</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_58hvk3cjnsmw-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Government and many civilians (on boats) refused the ship to dock</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Ship sent back to Germany. 700 of the 900 died in concentration camps</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">There was a immigrantion quota. The US maintained those quotas</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_58hvk3cjnsmw-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">In total 200,000 Jewish refugees were able to get into the US</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.rijjtjbcg7ux"><span class="c6">Japanese Internment</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wz61bdtcswyk-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Issei: First generation Japanese Immigrants (37,000 interned)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Nisei: US born Japanese Americans (75,000 interned)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">FDR’s Executive order 9066: February 1942, Nisei and issei on West Coast forcibly removed from homes.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wz61bdtcswyk-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Exclusion Area: West coast</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Most Japanese lived in Hawaii, but wasn’t in the exclusion area</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wz61bdtcswyk-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">4 billion lost in property & belongings</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>Supreme Court upheld constitutionality of internment policy, </span><span class="c20">Korematsu v. US </span><span class="c0"> (1944)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_wz61bdtcswyk-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1982: US government admitted internment “not based on military necessity” & $20,000 given to 62,000 survivors in 1988</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.rf8bn7f7c86l"><span class="c13">2/12/20</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Absent.</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Notes from recording from Danylo</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">When President Truman announced the surrender of Germany, </span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_b0rfqjbo09qo-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Us vs Them attitude. Labeling Germany as evil</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He had the attitude of as if he’s trying to prove them wrong. “let me know you i’m tough”</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Either FDR, Hitler, or Italy’s leader lived to see the end of WWII</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.74fuf8bl8huu"><span class="c6">Rosie the Riveter</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Making aircraft (Boeing), machine guns</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Dec 1941: War started but factories were empty because no one was buying</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">War production board gave defense contracts to more companies (compared to WWI)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Guaranteed purchase</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Heavy equipment, instant food, blood donations, scientists making anti-malaria medication</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The US provided a lot of the materials for the war (other countries provided more troops)</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">17 million new jobs created</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-3 start"><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Went from no job in great depression to full time or overtime jobs</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If someone spending money frivolously was looked down upon. Rosie the riveters saved their money in the bank.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People were also given ration stamps. If you’re caught spending more than the ration stamps allowed, you were shamed. Stamps were sometimes more valuable than money. Meatless Tuesdays. Saving tin cans for production.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_54vbnplice3p-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If you had a job seen as essential, you could get more stamps. Government job, Law enforcement, doctor</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Stamps were traded</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People sold counterfeit sugar/coffee from the back of cars at a higher price</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The US government used a lot of propaganda to change how the public act</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ge8qhhqk30h2-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Office of War Information were responsible for creating propaganda</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They hired designers and psychologists. 4,000 advertisers hired (artists, writers, etc.)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Wanted people to buy war bonds, save/ration gas and food</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Used children and soldiers in propaganda. Also used guilt (psychologists’ work). Also used hilter, nazi, or general tojo in graphics</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Didn’t casualty and injury numbers to be released to the public. Due to FDR’s order</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ge8qhhqk30h2-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">When the public wasn’t rationing enough or wasn’t complacent, the Office of War Information would release footage and information to show how hard it was on the soldiers</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ge8qhhqk30h2-0"><li class="c5 c25 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0"></span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.gw0q0q5cdd44"><span class="c13">2/13/20</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Primary Source Activity. Turned in on paper in class</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.zg5uk19co3ou"><span>2/18/20</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c3">Monday 3/2: Rough draft. 3 page double spaced</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Rosie the Riveter was propaganda</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ifsp8fhm7fkc-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Federal government urged women to work in 1942. Previously, people were trying to limit and ban women from working</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Over 6 million women worked in war production</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1945: ⅓ of workforce were women</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">75% married, 60% over 35, 33% had kids under 14</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ifsp8fhm7fkc-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Anyone who did war-time work</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Propaganda portrayed as very young</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Flag to represent family members serving in the war. Stars in the center of white flag with red border. One star represents one family member (generally husband)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.nbgwged67obw"><span class="c9">Hostility Towards Rosie</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">People wanted to recruit these workers, but they also were very hostile against them</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ylwnls0ibot-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women earned 35% less pay than men</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Government and unions portrayed their work as temporary</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ylwnls0ibot-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Didn’t move up into management</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ylwnls0ibot-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“A woman is a substitute like plastic instead of metal”. This quote came from recruitment manuals.</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1945 poll: Only 18% approved of married women working</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.pm47py86ev1u"><span class="c6">The Atomic Bombs</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_y5zwwlnqefae-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1939: Einstein warned US about German development of A-bomb</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Manhattan project began in 1941 between US and Britain</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">2 bobs completed in Los Alamos, NM</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">July 16, 1945: tet bomb exploded in Alamogordo, NM</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c18">Hiroshima:</span><span class="c0"> 60,000 died immediately. 75,000 later from radiation and burns</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c18">Nagasaki:</span><span class="c0"> 30,000 died immediately.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.k5lxdvwmsjna"><span class="c13">2/19/20</span></h4><h1 class="c15" id="h.szw53th8a9mw"><span class="c12">The Cold War</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1945-1991</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Very intense hostility between the US and the Soviet Union. (Global powers that emerged from WWII)</span></p><p class="c8 c31"><span>USSR 1922-1991</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Competition in everything (space race, olympics, etc.)</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">During the cold war, families stockpiled supplies and built backyard bunkers</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.qz2vx8479yw4"><span class="c6">Characteristics of the Cold War</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c18">Hot war: </span><span class="c0">physically fighting</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c18">Cold war:</span><span class="c0"> physiological wars</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_l8h6dg1k4vec-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Presence of Atomic Weapons influenced diplomacy</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Who would control Eastern Europe? Communist USSR or Democratic US?</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_l8h6dg1k4vec-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Both wanted to gain access to</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Stalin lost 20 million people while the US lost 400,000. Stalin wanted this land was compensation</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_l8h6dg1k4vec-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">US and USSR very hostile to each other. (even with change of leaders/president)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Obsession with Containing Communism</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.19il2w5j33t7"><span class="c6">Major Diplomatic Policies</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lkll1ftitbnj-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Truman Doctrine, 1948: Defense of “freedom”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lkll1ftitbnj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Speech to public over radio. Wanted to send money to Greece and Turkey</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Kept repeating “freedom”, “maintaining freedom”, “free”</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Became justification to intervene internationally</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lkll1ftitbnj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Marshall Plan (1948-1952): Provided US support for Europe’s economic recovery, “Prosperity makes you free”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lkll1ftitbnj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Grant $$</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They would then use that money to buy US stuff</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The USSR did the same thing. Western Europe connected with the US. Estern Europe connected with USSR. Called the Iron curtain</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_lkll1ftitbnj-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Whatever the US did, the Soviet Union copied it</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.cqipj53n2tr4"><span class="c6">East & West Germany Divide</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pi7wifllqh37-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Germany divided into 4 sections: Britain, France, US, and USSR all control 1 part</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Berlin (capital) run by all 4 but located in USSR’s section</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pi7wifllqh37-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Also broken into 4 different zones.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pi7wifllqh37-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Blockade of Berlin & Airlift</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pi7wifllqh37-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Roads and railroads track into Soviet Union were closed off. US, France, and Britain would now need to fly supplies into their own people (Berlin Airlift: June 1948 to May 1949).</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Stalin’s hope was to make the US, France, and Britain people in Berlin more depended on the USSR</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pi7wifllqh37-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">May 1949: West Germany separated from the USSR’s East Germany</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_pi7wifllqh37-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">West and East Berlin was split by the Berlin war</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.scv2kovchz2f"><span class="c6">Cold War at home</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dys3svl0d3a7-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Bomb shelters</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dys3svl0d3a7-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Was viewed as a financial investment. Increases property value. 7-8K. Started at 1K</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Practical decisions</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Inside looks calm</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Cities built community bomb/fallout shelters using tax money</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dys3svl0d3a7-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Bomb drills</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Sky Watchers”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dys3svl0d3a7-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Clubs looking for societ planes using telescopes</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Report news to government</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.xoid4xypeyxx"><span class="c13">2/20/20</span></h4><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.fepqx16erxy9"><span class="c6">The “Red Scare”</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Scared of being accused or associated with a communist</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_svqdf4dt9xsp-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">(HUAC) House of Un-American Activities Committee uncovered members of the Communist Party</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_svqdf4dt9xsp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Existed before the Cold War (1930s)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Committee apart of the house of Reps</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People were accused with weak or no evidence</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_svqdf4dt9xsp-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Executive Order 9835, “Federal Employee Loyalty Program” 1947</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_svqdf4dt9xsp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Banned members or sympathies of the Communist party from federal employment</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">39 states had loyalty oaths</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.zdir7u6f0xz"><span class="c6">The Hollywood Ten, 1947</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_mf19xncma4s1-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">HUAC hearings exposed Communists in the Film Industry</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They didn’t answer questions and were people pressured to reveal names (but didn’t)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_mf19xncma4s1-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Ten directors/writers/actors sent to prison for contempt of Congress. 6 months to 1 year</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_mf19xncma4s1-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Directors/writers/actors blacklisted. Lost their career (only 2 of the 10 got their career back)</span></li></ul><p class="c8"><span class="c0">In the HUAC, you can become a friendly witness or witness for Congress and admit to being a communist (maybe in the past) and rat other people out.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.ywk9tf4xqlam"><span class="c6">The Pumpkin Papers</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Alger Hiss and Whitaker Chambers</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1948-1950</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5mirxxv8mxpa-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Whitaker Chambers: Editor of Time magazine, former Soviet agent</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5mirxxv8mxpa-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">He admitted to being a Soviet spy. Said that in 1938, there was another spy who gave him documents to give to the Soviet Union</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Went back to a normal life</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5mirxxv8mxpa-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chambers named Alger Hiss to HUAC, 1948</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5mirxxv8mxpa-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Worked for the New Deal government as a Lawyer</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hiss denied the accusations.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Chambers created 5 rolls of film. Hidden in a hollowed out pumpkin hidden on his Farm.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hiss lost his career and struggled financially</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5mirxxv8mxpa-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Richard Nixon</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_5mirxxv8mxpa-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Gained popularity from this case</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.dx0c04dg78uo"><span class="c6">Joseph McCarthy</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Many politicians saw that Richard Nixon raised to fame through accusing people.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_kcc7shlou93j-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Senator from Wisconsin</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Created hysteria over finding Communists in government during the 1950s</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">His reputation was low</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_kcc7shlou93j-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Known alcoholic. Publicly drunk in congress</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Caught in a lie of being a heroic WWII soldier</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_kcc7shlou93j-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Spoke to the public claiming to know people who worked in the government as a communist</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.bcnnztf6l1hb"><span class="c13">2/24/20</span></h4><h1 class="c15" id="h.w90p5mqfxt3v"><span class="c12">1950s</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Iconic views</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_s0s7irfb1apd-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Families in suburbs</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_s0s7irfb1apd-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Setting for many films</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_s0s7irfb1apd-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Married couples sleeping separately</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Homes had picture windows</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_s0s7irfb1apd-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">For people outside to see all the consumer items. Show off display items, couches, and other consumer items</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.sw1ao4ybntzf"><span class="c6">The G.I. Bill</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Used as a way to recruit</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guzoyl1ywgv2-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Prioritized jobs for veterans</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">4 million veterans used low-interest loans & mortgages</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">College or vocational training paid by government. $500/year (enough for public college tuition, books, fees)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guzoyl1ywgv2-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Getting a college degree was views as just for people in the higher class</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guzoyl1ywgv2-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1947: Over 50% of college students were WW2 vets</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guzoyl1ywgv2-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They needed space in the colleges so there were less women accepted as veterans had priority</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_guzoyl1ywgv2-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women enrollment. 1949: 40%. 1950: 25%</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.b9c2dbcpvm3j"><span class="c6">The Affluent society</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3ujcgxx43pqp-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1960: 60% of US families owned homes, 75% owned cars, 87% owned 1 TV</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3ujcgxx43pqp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People learned what to buy through the TV</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Cars were getting larger</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3ujcgxx43pqp-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1950: Diners Club issued first credit card</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3ujcgxx43pqp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Spending similar to 1920s (consumer durable items)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No longer credit accounts with each business</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Credit limit were low</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3ujcgxx43pqp-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People experienced WWI, the Great depression, and WWII rationing/shortage. Because the war is now over, people felt okay to buy everything</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Frozen food were popular, modern</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_3ujcgxx43pqp-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Families buying more disposable items</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.n1u8e6luogf5"><span class="c6">Life in the Suburbs</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">It was popular to live in the suburbs</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ajq1im3zv1js-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">58 million cars purchased in 1950s</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">85% of the 13 million new homes built in the 1950s located in suburbs</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">There was support from the federal government to encourage people to more into the suburbs</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ajq1im3zv1js-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">New roads for all the cards</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_ajq1im3zv1js-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Homes were exactly the same</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.kpa4ysfrrun7"><span class="c6">Ticky Tacky Houses</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Called Ticky Tacky because it was described as “flimsy”.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_20kit2kpwe6j-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Company buys large plot of land and builds exact same homes (only 1 to 4 versions)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Homes built quicker, cheaper, but not unique</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">All inhibited by young families who were new to the middle class</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_20kit2kpwe6j-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">One was usually a veteran</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If you wanted to criticize someone, you would say they were a conformist where everyone lived and looked the same</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">It was safer to not stand out</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_20kit2kpwe6j-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Avoid being called a communist, etc.</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.uxes3upts1oa"><span class="c6">Levittown, New York</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_droyv0pujtfl-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">First planned communities</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Became profitable. Technique expanded to other locations</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">$8,000 for one home. About $75,000 today</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_droyv0pujtfl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Low down payment and interest for veterans</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_droyv0pujtfl-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">A lot of rules. Was like a contract, if broken you had to pay a fine</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_droyv0pujtfl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No fences</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hanging clothes lines only allowed at certain hours</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.k10hpqhkf9i3"><span class="c6">Red Lining & Restrictive Covenants</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Made it harder for non-whites to get housing. These practices have been made illegal</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Although these homes were shown as the norm for everyone on TV, only whites were able to get them</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.dyai8zhbuuut"><span class="c9">Red Lining</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Goal of making neighborhoods White. Non-whites were declared financially risky for specific white neighborhoods</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h3 class="c17" id="h.g0vnm8n43o4z"><span class="c9">Restrictive Covenants</span></h3><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Homeowners Associations had rules preventing non-white from owning, renting, or living in neighborhoods</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Suburbs were highly idealized but were accessible to everyone</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.6x317b5ome7g"><span class="c13">2/25/20</span></h4><h2 class="c11" id="h.vp99bottioz4"><span class="c6">Consumerism & Conformity</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1/7 of income spent on entertainment</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The norm was the have fun</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1946: 1/18,000 homes had 1 TV vs 1960: almost 9/10 homes had 1 TV</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">TVs were available in the late 1930s. But no one bought because it’s during the war</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Advertising created brand consciousness</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Companies started marketing their brands instead of just the products</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">People were excited about commercials to learn about the latest and hottest new things</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Selling lifestyle or identity</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">TV celebrated conformality, family shows, teen idols, perfect mothers</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Goody Goody TV”. Everything on TV showed a perfect/idealized lifestyle</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">For the first time, teenagers were listened to and valued for advertising, consumer, etc.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">But still not politically valued (can’t vote until 21)</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No dangerous content on TV</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some teens idols were also in films</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Idols through TV, dances, etc.</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">James Dean played the main character in “Rebel without a cause”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_nwn99qfztr5m-3 start"><li class="c8 c23 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Played cluster of teenage outcast who’s misunderstood by parents</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Mixed families and kids were unusual, but the show “I Love Lucy” was extremely popular and showed a mixed couple. Lucy was not only one of the lead roles, but also the producer</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.onr172754bp5"><span class="c6">Toys</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_e0utv0knjok2-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Lincoln logs</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Tinkertoy</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Rollerblade</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hoolahoop</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Barbie</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_e0utv0knjok2-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Marketed as the ideal girl. In the 1950s it was all about dressing up barbie who was exactly the same (single race, etc.)</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.gmchclzc1fu"><span class="c6">Rock & Roll</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_7k4qvi765wnr-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Parents didn’t want kids to listen to rock & roll</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_7k4qvi765wnr-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">It was louder and had include from African blue’s</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Some had sexual connotation</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.i6m9xg3v100g"><span class="c6">Beauty Standards</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9e7klqfmifyj-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Beauty advertisements included a lot of sexual connotations even though parents didn’t want kids to listen to rock & roll</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Products marketed to “keep your husband”</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9e7klqfmifyj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Insult in 1950s: For the wife to look older or be older than your husband</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9e7klqfmifyj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1956: Average weight for women was 15 pounds lighter than 1926 average weight</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9e7klqfmifyj-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Tapeworm diet</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9e7klqfmifyj-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Buy tapeworm eggs to grow a tapeworm in your intestines that takes the nutrients in your intestines and makes your look thin.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_9e7klqfmifyj-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1956: $1.3 billion spent on cosmetics, $660 million on beauty treatments, $400 million on soap and electric grooming, $65 milion on “reducing”</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.gmkubox93c0r"><span class="c6">Domesticity</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_97hstdmfnnnl-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">The Baby Boom Generation: 76 million born between 1946-1964</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">By 1960, ⅓ of US population were children under 14</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_97hstdmfnnnl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Life expectancy started to increase (antibiotics)</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Infant mortality rate decreased</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_97hstdmfnnnl-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>Dr. Spock, </span><span class="c20">Common Sense book of baby & Child</span><span class="c0">, 1946</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_97hstdmfnnnl-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Became the message of what to do with your kid. Rules and expectations of a mom</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Prior to this book, women who needed advice would ask their mothers/any else who had a baby. Because of the book, it became more important to ask an expert</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.wjepn7fsfinm"><span class="c13">2/26/20</span></h4><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Teens had instructional dating videos</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.m9puxi6076z0"><span class="c6">1950s Marriage Mania</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_cgctrhl8mnyv-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Bty 1951: 69% of all US adult women were married</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1 in 3 wed by 19</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">By 1957: 14 million girls engaged by 17</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1952: APA (american psychiatric association)’s book called the DSM diagonized homosexuality as a mental disease. (stayed in the book until the 1980s)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.rezeavd110mo"><span class="c6">Single Women in the 1950s</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q8d74chqp3qa-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Single women were called “Lone Female”. Studied by writers & psychiatrists</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q8d74chqp3qa-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Viewed working women as someone who’s at work to steal someone’s man</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_q8d74chqp3qa-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hostility & suspicion directed towards single women & working women</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1955: Over 300 pro-marriage books published for women</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If you didn’t get married by 24, you were called a spinster</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.991rk2s9juc2"><span class="c6">Urban Hotels for Single Women</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_37lku1nrautr-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">High rise, all-girl hotels & boarding houses</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">NYC’s Barbizon hotel for Women used by movie stars Grace Kelly, Liza Minnelli, writers Gael Greene, Sylvia Plath</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_37lku1nrautr-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Wealthy parents sent their daughters who wanted to pursue a career while keeping their family and daughter’s reputation</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Viewed as being in an expensive club</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Selective and had to apply</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_37lku1nrautr-2 start"><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Working women</span></li><li class="c1 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Generally had college degree</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_37lku1nrautr-1"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Girls were thought to be successful</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_37lku1nrautr-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>Gael Greene, </span><span class="c20">New York post</span><span class="c0">, 1958, claimed hotels evoked fears of spinsterhood</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.2vo56hp5ub77"><span class="c6">Single Pregnancy in the 1950s</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dax6esak78ff-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">1944-1955: 80% increase in the # of white babies up for adoption</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Hospital abortion committee required 2 letters from doctors diagnosing a woman as psychologically impaired for in medical need</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dax6esak78ff-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Only available in larger cities</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Letters were sometimes fraudulent</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dax6esak78ff-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Options: Quick marriage, ilegal/unsafe abortion (back ally abortion), “Home for Wayward Girls” before adoption</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dax6esak78ff-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Adoption was treated secretly. People lied</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_dax6esak78ff-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Race determined options of a single mother</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Parents were more concerned about the reputation of the family instead of the how the girl was feeling</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.6ujl2hn95l82"><span class="c6">Sexuality in the 1950s</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_xz88wvkfta34-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span>Dr. Alfred Kinsey’s </span><span class="c20">Studies on Sex in Marriage</span><span class="c0">, in 1948 (male surveys) & 1953 (female surveys)</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Surveys uncovered pre-marital sex, mastrubation, affairs, & homosexuality</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Attitudes towards marital sex on longer about procreation</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Promoted female sexuality as normal</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.op8cli9vik2t"><span class="c6">Giving Birth in the 1950s</span></h2><p class="c8"><span>At the time, the medical doctor were the experts. Nowadays, the patient is the expert as they know their body the best.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_d44jpbmfbtrg-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Obstetricians (delivering the baby) almost always male</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">No lamaze, few midwives</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Women had little knowledge of anesthesia, c-sections, hysterectomies</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_d44jpbmfbtrg-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">They didn’t know what’s going on</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_d44jpbmfbtrg-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Doctors hostile to breastfeeding’ 25% breastfed from 1940-1970</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_d44jpbmfbtrg-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Doctors encouraged formula. The expectation was to use formula</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_d44jpbmfbtrg-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Clothing was loose with the goal to hide the pregnancy</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.e14jxh27iqc2"><span class="c6">Unhappiness of 1950s Housewives</span></h2><ul class="c7 lst-kix_axpqc01kplpa-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Alcoholism, domestic violence ignored by police, judges, hospital workers, etc.</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_axpqc01kplpa-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">A lot of re-traumatizing</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_axpqc01kplpa-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">“Mother’s Little helper” used for housework</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_axpqc01kplpa-1 start"><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Doctors in the 1950s/1960s over prescribed amphetamine pills to women who felt overworked.</span></li><li class="c2 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">If a man helped women clean, they were seen as less than a man. Called a hen-peck man</span></li></ul><ul class="c7 lst-kix_axpqc01kplpa-0"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">¼ - ⅓ of couples married in 1950s would eventually divorce</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Strict gender roles pressured women to stay out of the workforce</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.8hrsof28e1r9"><span class="c13">2/27/20</span></h4><p class="c8"><span>In Class Activity: “Job Switching” episode of </span><span class="c20">I Love Lucy</span><span class="c0"> (1952)</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.wt4k8f128nur"><span class="c13">3/3/20</span></h4><h1 class="c15" id="h.s35cuewl61wk"><span class="c12">Civil Rights</span></h1><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1964 - turning point year</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_36z570z1m5vu-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Develop to civil and human rights</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Civil Rights Act passed</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">College students had a Sit In at a restaurant in a Drug Store. Started with 4 students and grew. This happened for 6 months before this one Drug Store chain in this one state allowed for on-segregated lunch counters.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Although sit ins were meant to be peaceful, they had to deal with hostility from protesters against them</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.42qm2z2ha5p9"><span class="c6">Jim Crow Laws</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Since 1865. Not always necessarily legal laws. Some were legal laws and you could be arrested</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Jim Crow laws were not always the same between states or cities.</span></p><ul class="c7 lst-kix_sj64i1i6k6b0-0 start"><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Who people could marry</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Physical touching</span></li><li class="c5 li-bullet-0"><span class="c0">Locations</span></li></ul><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">1965. Brown vs Board of Education</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Schools can’t be segregated. But there was no date where it had to happen. So states in the south didn't do it.</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">“Separate but equal” was legal</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h2 class="c11" id="h.rhbnwclg7bz2"><span class="c6">Little Rock Nine</span></h2><p class="c8"><span class="c0">Students weren’t able to get into the school</span></p><p class="c8"><span class="c0">The US President had to step in and get paratroopers to escort them in</span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><h4 class="c19" id="h.taor7aqtvuiz"><span class="c13">From this point on, all lectures are pre-recorded online because of the Coronavirus</span></h4><p class="c4"><span class="c0"></span></p><hr/><p>Open Source on GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/garyhtou/us-history-148">@garyhtou/us-history-148</a></p></body></html>