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Step-by-step Installation Guide

You can install Capstan either by downloading pre-built binaries or building it from sources. You need to install QEMU in both cases.

Install Prerequisites

QEMU

Capstan needs QEMU hypervisor being installed on your system, even if you don't intend to run unikernels with QEMU provider. So go ahead and install it:

On Fedora:

$ sudo yum install qemu-system-x86 qemu-img

On Ubuntu

$ sudo apt-get install qemu-system-x86 qemu-utils

On OS X:

$ brew install qemu

On FreeBSD:

$ sudo pkg install qemu

Install Capstan

Install capstan by manually downloading the relevant binary from the latest Github release assets page into $HOME/bin directory:

You can then use Capstan tool with $HOME/bin/capstan --help or include $HOME/bin into PATH and use it simply with capstan --help.

There you go, happy unikernel creating!

Install Capstan from source (advanced)

Install Go 1.11+

Capstan is a Go project and needs to be compiled first. But heads up, compiling Go project is trivial, as long as you have Go installed. Consult official documentation to learn how to install Go, or use this bash snippet to do it for you:

curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz | sudo tar xz -C /usr/local
sudo mv /usr/local/go /usr/local/go1.13
sudo ln -s /usr/local/go1.13 /usr/local/go

export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH

Compile Capstan

Since Capstan is hosted on GitHub, the compilation process is as simple as:

git clone git@github.com:cloudius-systems/capstan.git
cd capstan
export GO111MODULE=on        # Needed for Go 1.11, 1.12
go install

That's it, we have Capstan installed. You should be able to use Capstan immediately because it was installed in $GOPATH/bin added to your $PATH above. To test that it works, try:

capstan --help

Maintain Capstan

Capstan is managed with Go Modules as recommended, while developing on Capstan, you should follow these steps:

  1. Update import path and corresponding code as you might do
  2. Test you changes with go test ./...
  3. Clear up go.mod and go.sum file with go mod tidy

Then you are ready to tag and release new version. To learn more details about maintaining Go project on Module Mode, see Go Modules Serial Blogs

Configure Capstan (advanced)

Capstan uses optimized default values under the hood. But you are allowed to override them with your own values and this section describes how. Actually, there are three ways to override them (first non-empty value is taken), although not every variable can be set using all three ways:

1) using command-line arguments

You can override some variables using command-line arguments. Please note that you need to repeat the argument for every command you use, Capstan does not memorize it. Also please pay attention to the location of the argument. Capstan command must look like this:

$ capstan {command-line-configuration} other sub commands and args
# For example:
$ capstan -r v0.53.0 package compose img1 --size 10GB
          |- here --|

List of supported arguments:

  • -r <release-tag> specifies the OSv github release tag that is used to fetch precompiled kernel and packages from.

2) using configuration file

Capstan supports configuration file to permanently override some internal defaults. This file is located in $HOME/.capstan/config.yaml. It is not created by default, so you need to create the file and folder if they do not exist yet. The file is nothing but a simple yaml containing "key: value" pairs e.g.

repo_url: https://mikelangelo-capstan.s3.amazonaws.com/
disable_kvm: false
qemu_aio_type: threads

List of supported keys:

  • repo_url overrides the default remote S3 repository URL that is used to fetch precompiled packages from if --s3 flag is enabled.
  • disable_kvm by default KVM acceleration is turned on to speed up unikernel creation, but in certain circumstances this results in error. Set this to true if you have problems using KVM.
  • qemu_aio_type by default QEMU aio type is set to threads for compatibility reasons. A faster aio option may be native depending on the version of QEMU, but it's not supported on all platforms.

Please note that if command line argument is used to override the same value (e.g. -u for repository URL), then the value from configuration file is ignored.

3) using environment variables

Capstan reads execution environment to override internal variables. Just set environment variable prior to calling Capstan commands, for example:

$ export CAPSTAN_REPO_URL=https://mikelangelo-capstan.s3.amazonaws.com/
$ capstan package compose ...

List of supported environment variables:

  • CAPSTAN_REPO_URL overrides the default remote repository URL that is used to fetch precompiled packages from.
  • DISABLE_KVM [true|false]
  • QEMU_AIO_TYPE [threads|native]

Please note that environment variables have the lowest priority - if same variable is set using either command-line argument or configuration file, then environment variable is ignored.

Double-check your configuration

There is a Capstan command to double-check which configuration values are eventually used:

capstan config print