Draft coverage-illustration page for intervals of existence

A follow-on patch will regenerate Make-managed files.

Signed-off-by: Alex Nelson <alexander.nelson@nist.gov>

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<!-- Look for TODOs. -->
+
+# Existence Intervals
+
+This example demonstrates various ontologies' representations of the period of time in which a thing exists.  Some effort is put into describing differences in representing the existence of endurants vs. perdurants.
+
+Take as an example a thing---and the thing might be endurant, perdurant, physical, cyber, thought, event, etc.---that exists starting at a time `t0` and ceases to exist at a time `t1`.  In the illustrations below, the start will be labeled `t0`, the end `t1`, the interval bounded by start and end `i`, the thing `t`.
+
+The starting time of this thing is `2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z`.  The ending time of this thing is `2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z`.  Each illustration goes as far as it can with concepts in the referenced ontology to eventually tie the thing `t` to these timestamp-literals.  Where available, reified "instant" objects will be favored over literal-valued properties.
+
+![Abstraction - all](figures/abstraction_all.svg)
+
+This suggests a mapping table:
+
+| Example class or triple | Corresponding class or triple |
+| --- | --- |
+| `ex:TimeBoundedThing` | ... |
+| `ex:ExistenceInterval` | ... |
+| `ex:Instant` | ... |
+| `kb:T ex:hasExistenceInterval kb:E` | ... |
+| `kb:T ex:existsAtAndSince kb:T0` | ... |
+| `kb:T ex:existsUntil kb:T1` | ... |
+| `kb:T ex:hasCreationTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... |
+| `kb:T ex:hasTerminationTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... |
+| `kb:E ex:hasStart kb:T0` | ... |
+| `kb:E ex:hasEnd kb:T1` | ... |
+| `kb:E ex:hasBeginningTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... |
+| `kb:E ex:hasEndingTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... |
+| `kb:T0 ex:hasTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... |
+| `kb:T1 ex:hasTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | ... |
+
+The mapping table is filled in for the various ontologies below with:
+
+* Corresponding statements (class IRIs or full triples);
+* "N/A", for not-**available** when a concept is known to not be mappable now, typically because no corresponding class or property is currently defined; and
+* "TBD", when a design decision can be taken, typically because of a potential class- or property-equality declaration.
+
+<!--
+TODO - Also review whether each ontology states, or otherwise constrains, that an existence interval is unique.  E.g. denote whether an object can recur, such as with some models of relationships.
+-->
+
+
+## UCO 1.3.0
+
+UCO declares two property-pairs setting time boundaries:
+
+* `core:startTime` and `core:endTime`, used to bound `core:Event`s and `core:Relationship`s.
+* `action:startTime` and `action:endTime`, used to bound `action:Action`s.
+
+The following table shows the time coverage for the three UCO classes that currently encode constraints on time properties:
+
+| UCO Class | Figure |
+| --- | --- |
+| `uco-action:Action` | ![Abstraction - UCO Action](figures/abstraction_uco_1_3_0_action.svg) |
+| `uco-core:Event` | ![Abstraction - UCO Event](figures/abstraction_uco_1_3_0_event.svg) |
+| `uco-core:Relationship` | ![Abstraction - UCO Relationship](figures/abstraction_uco_1_3_0_relationship.svg) |
+
+The mapping for `uco-action:Action` would be as follows.
+
+| Example class or triple | Corresponding class or triple |
+| --- | --- |
+| `ex:TimeBoundedThing` | `uco-action:Action` |
+| `ex:ExistenceInterval` | TBD |
+| `ex:Instant` | N/A |
+| `kb:T ex:hasExistenceInterval kb:E` | TBD |
+| `kb:T ex:existsAtAndSince kb:T0` | N/A |
+| `kb:T ex:existsUntil kb:T1` | N/A |
+| `kb:T ex:hasCreationTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | `kb:T uco-action:startTime "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` |
+| `kb:T ex:hasTerminationTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | `kb:T uco-action:endTime "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` |
+| `kb:E ex:hasStart kb:T0` | N/A |
+| `kb:E ex:hasEnd kb:T1` | N/A |
+| `kb:E ex:hasBeginningTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | TBD |
+| `kb:E ex:hasEndingTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | TBD |
+| `kb:T0 ex:hasTimestamp "2020-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+| `kb:T1 ex:hasTimestamp "2021-..."^^xsd:dateTime` | N/A |
+
+`uco-core:Event` and `uco-core:Relationship` will look similar.
+
+The "TBD"s above pertain to a decision UCO can make on how endurants and perdurants relate to time.

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals.json

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+    "@context": {
+        "drafting": "http://example.org/ontology/drafting/",
+        "ex": "http://example.org/ontology/example/",
+        "gufo": "http://purl.org/nemo/gufo#",
+        "kb": "http://example.org/kb/",
+        "obo": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/",
+        "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
+        "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#",
+        "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
+        "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
+        "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#",
+        "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
+    },
+    "@graph": [
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:TimeBoundThing-bbd18617-4118-4376-ad0c-19fb729a9b54",
+            "@type": "ex:TimeBoundedThing",
+            "ex:existsAtAndSince": {
+                "@id": "kb:Instant-ef0da4b8-d014-4142-b9f5-b0a0091965b8"
+            },
+            "ex:existsUntil": {
+                "@id": "kb:Instant-a9dd29d9-c854-4cdd-917a-7de5226b389b"
+            },
+            "ex:hasCreationTimestamp": {
+                "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
+                "@value": "2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z"
+            },
+            "ex:hasExistenceInterval": {
+                "@id": "kb:ExistenceInterval-03c8fef4-dac9-4f17-bc98-2ef468390daa"
+            },
+            "ex:hasTerminationTimestamp": {
+                "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
+                "@value": "2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z"
+            },
+            "rdfs:comment": "A thing with a time-bounded existence.",
+            "rdfs:label": "T"
+        },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:ExistenceInterval-03c8fef4-dac9-4f17-bc98-2ef468390daa",
+            "@type": "ex:ExistenceInterval",
+            "ex:hasBeginningTimestamp": {
+                "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
+                "@value": "2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z"
+            },
+            "ex:hasEnd": {
+                "@id": "kb:Instant-a9dd29d9-c854-4cdd-917a-7de5226b389b"
+            },
+            "ex:hasEndingTimestamp": {
+                "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
+                "@value": "2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z"
+            },
+            "ex:hasStart": {
+                "@id": "kb:Instant-ef0da4b8-d014-4142-b9f5-b0a0091965b8"
+            },
+            "rdfs:comment": "The existence interval of T.",
+            "rdfs:label": "E"
+        },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:Instant-ef0da4b8-d014-4142-b9f5-b0a0091965b8",
+            "@type": "ex:Instant",
+            "ex:hasTimestamp": {
+                "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
+                "@value": "2020-01-02T03:04:05.6789Z"
+            },
+            "rdfs:comment": "The instant that is the beginning of E.",
+            "rdfs:label": "T0"
+        },
+        {
+            "@id": "kb:Instant-a9dd29d9-c854-4cdd-917a-7de5226b389b",
+            "@type": "ex:Instant",
+            "ex:hasTimestamp": {
+                "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
+                "@value": "2021-02-03T04:05:06.7890Z"
+            },
+            "rdfs:comment": "The instant that is the end of E.",
+            "rdfs:label": "T1"
+        }
+    ]
+}

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-develop-2.0.0.ttl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+[]
+	a sh:ValidationReport ;
+	sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
+	.
+

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-develop.ttl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+[]
+	a sh:ValidationReport ;
+	sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
+	.
+

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-unstable-2.0.0.ttl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+[]
+	a sh:ValidationReport ;
+	sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
+	.
+

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation-unstable.ttl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+[]
+	a sh:ValidationReport ;
+	sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
+	.
+

examples/illustrations/existence_intervals/existence_intervals_validation.ttl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+[]
+	a sh:ValidationReport ;
+	sh:conforms "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
+	.
+