Assignment-1 version1.0.ipynb

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    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "_You are currently looking at **version 1.0** of this notebook. To download notebooks and datafiles, as well as get help on Jupyter notebooks in the Coursera platform, visit the [Jupyter Notebook FAQ](https://www.coursera.org/learn/python-machine-learning/resources/bANLa) course resource._\n",
    "\n",
    "---"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Assignment 1 - Introduction to Machine Learning"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For this assignment, you will be using the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Database to create a classifier that can help diagnose patients. First, read through the description of the dataset (below)."
   ]
  },
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      "Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Database\n",
      "=============================================\n",
      "\n",
      "Notes\n",
      "-----\n",
      "Data Set Characteristics:\n",
      "    :Number of Instances: 569\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Number of Attributes: 30 numeric, predictive attributes and the class\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Attribute Information:\n",
      "        - radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter)\n",
      "        - texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values)\n",
      "        - perimeter\n",
      "        - area\n",
      "        - smoothness (local variation in radius lengths)\n",
      "        - compactness (perimeter^2 / area - 1.0)\n",
      "        - concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour)\n",
      "        - concave points (number of concave portions of the contour)\n",
      "        - symmetry \n",
      "        - fractal dimension (\"coastline approximation\" - 1)\n",
      "\n",
      "        The mean, standard error, and \"worst\" or largest (mean of the three\n",
      "        largest values) of these features were computed for each image,\n",
      "        resulting in 30 features.  For instance, field 3 is Mean Radius, field\n",
      "        13 is Radius SE, field 23 is Worst Radius.\n",
      "\n",
      "        - class:\n",
      "                - WDBC-Malignant\n",
      "                - WDBC-Benign\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Summary Statistics:\n",
      "\n",
      "    ===================================== ====== ======\n",
      "                                           Min    Max\n",
      "    ===================================== ====== ======\n",
      "    radius (mean):                        6.981  28.11\n",
      "    texture (mean):                       9.71   39.28\n",
      "    perimeter (mean):                     43.79  188.5\n",
      "    area (mean):                          143.5  2501.0\n",
      "    smoothness (mean):                    0.053  0.163\n",
      "    compactness (mean):                   0.019  0.345\n",
      "    concavity (mean):                     0.0    0.427\n",
      "    concave points (mean):                0.0    0.201\n",
      "    symmetry (mean):                      0.106  0.304\n",
      "    fractal dimension (mean):             0.05   0.097\n",
      "    radius (standard error):              0.112  2.873\n",
      "    texture (standard error):             0.36   4.885\n",
      "    perimeter (standard error):           0.757  21.98\n",
      "    area (standard error):                6.802  542.2\n",
      "    smoothness (standard error):          0.002  0.031\n",
      "    compactness (standard error):         0.002  0.135\n",
      "    concavity (standard error):           0.0    0.396\n",
      "    concave points (standard error):      0.0    0.053\n",
      "    symmetry (standard error):            0.008  0.079\n",
      "    fractal dimension (standard error):   0.001  0.03\n",
      "    radius (worst):                       7.93   36.04\n",
      "    texture (worst):                      12.02  49.54\n",
      "    perimeter (worst):                    50.41  251.2\n",
      "    area (worst):                         185.2  4254.0\n",
      "    smoothness (worst):                   0.071  0.223\n",
      "    compactness (worst):                  0.027  1.058\n",
      "    concavity (worst):                    0.0    1.252\n",
      "    concave points (worst):               0.0    0.291\n",
      "    symmetry (worst):                     0.156  0.664\n",
      "    fractal dimension (worst):            0.055  0.208\n",
      "    ===================================== ====== ======\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Missing Attribute Values: None\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Class Distribution: 212 - Malignant, 357 - Benign\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Creator:  Dr. William H. Wolberg, W. Nick Street, Olvi L. Mangasarian\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Donor: Nick Street\n",
      "\n",
      "    :Date: November, 1995\n",
      "\n",
      "This is a copy of UCI ML Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) datasets.\n",
      "https://goo.gl/U2Uwz2\n",
      "\n",
      "Features are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle\n",
      "aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass.  They describe\n",
      "characteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image.\n",
      "\n",
      "Separating plane described above was obtained using\n",
      "Multisurface Method-Tree (MSM-T) [K. P. Bennett, \"Decision Tree\n",
      "Construction Via Linear Programming.\" Proceedings of the 4th\n",
      "Midwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Society,\n",
      "pp. 97-101, 1992], a classification method which uses linear\n",
      "programming to construct a decision tree.  Relevant features\n",
      "were selected using an exhaustive search in the space of 1-4\n",
      "features and 1-3 separating planes.\n",
      "\n",
      "The actual linear program used to obtain the separating plane\n",
      "in the 3-dimensional space is that described in:\n",
      "[K. P. Bennett and O. L. Mangasarian: \"Robust Linear\n",
      "Programming Discrimination of Two Linearly Inseparable Sets\",\n",
      "Optimization Methods and Software 1, 1992, 23-34].\n",
      "\n",
      "This database is also available through the UW CS ftp server:\n",
      "\n",
      "ftp ftp.cs.wisc.edu\n",
      "cd math-prog/cpo-dataset/machine-learn/WDBC/\n",
      "\n",
      "References\n",
      "----------\n",
      "   - W.N. Street, W.H. Wolberg and O.L. Mangasarian. Nuclear feature extraction \n",
      "     for breast tumor diagnosis. IS&T/SPIE 1993 International Symposium on \n",
      "     Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, volume 1905, pages 861-870,\n",
      "     San Jose, CA, 1993.\n",
      "   - O.L. Mangasarian, W.N. Street and W.H. Wolberg. Breast cancer diagnosis and \n",
      "     prognosis via linear programming. Operations Research, 43(4), pages 570-577, \n",
      "     July-August 1995.\n",
      "   - W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, and O.L. Mangasarian. Machine learning techniques\n",
      "     to diagnose breast cancer from fine-needle aspirates. Cancer Letters 77 (1994) \n",
      "     163-171.\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer\n",
    "\n",
    "cancer = load_breast_cancer()\n",
    "\n",
    "#print(cancer.DESCR) # Print the data set description"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The object returned by `load_breast_cancer()` is a scikit-learn Bunch object, which is similar to a dictionary."
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_keys(['target_names', 'DESCR', 'feature_names', 'target', 'data'])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cancer.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 0 (Example)\n",
    "\n",
    "How many features does the breast cancer dataset have?\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return an integer.*"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
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    {
     "data": {
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       "30"
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   "source": [
    "# You should write your whole answer within the function provided. The autograder will call\n",
    "# this function and compare the return value against the correct solution value\n",
    "def answer_zero():\n",
    "    # This function returns the number of features of the breast cancer dataset, which is an integer. \n",
    "    # The assignment question description will tell you the general format the autograder is expecting\n",
    "    return len(cancer['feature_names'])\n",
    "\n",
    "# You can examine what your function returns by calling it in the cell. If you have questions\n",
    "# about the assignment formats, check out the discussion forums for any FAQs\n",
    "answer_zero() "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 1\n",
    "\n",
    "Scikit-learn works with lists, numpy arrays, scipy-sparse matrices, and pandas DataFrames, so converting the dataset to a DataFrame is not necessary for training this model. Using a DataFrame does however help make many things easier such as munging data, so let's practice creating a classifier with a pandas DataFrame. \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Convert the sklearn.dataset `cancer` to a DataFrame. \n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a `(569, 31)` DataFrame with * \n",
    "\n",
    "*columns = *\n",
    "\n",
    "    ['mean radius', 'mean texture', 'mean perimeter', 'mean area',\n",
    "    'mean smoothness', 'mean compactness', 'mean concavity',\n",
    "    'mean concave points', 'mean symmetry', 'mean fractal dimension',\n",
    "    'radius error', 'texture error', 'perimeter error', 'area error',\n",
    "    'smoothness error', 'compactness error', 'concavity error',\n",
    "    'concave points error', 'symmetry error', 'fractal dimension error',\n",
    "    'worst radius', 'worst texture', 'worst perimeter', 'worst area',\n",
    "    'worst smoothness', 'worst compactness', 'worst concavity',\n",
    "    'worst concave points', 'worst symmetry', 'worst fractal dimension',\n",
    "    'target']\n",
    "\n",
    "*and index = *\n",
    "\n",
    "    RangeIndex(start=0, stop=569, step=1)"
   ]
  },
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       "<div>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>mean radius</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean texture</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean perimeter</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean area</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean smoothness</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean compactness</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean concavity</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean concave points</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean symmetry</th>\n",
       "      <th>mean fractal dimension</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst texture</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst perimeter</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst area</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst smoothness</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst compactness</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst concavity</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst concave points</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst symmetry</th>\n",
       "      <th>worst fractal dimension</th>\n",
       "      <th>target</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>17.990</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1001.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.300100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.147100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2419</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07871</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>184.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.71190</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4601</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.570</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1326.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08474</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07864</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.086900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.070170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1812</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05667</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>158.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1956.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08902</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.690</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1203.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.197400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.127900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2069</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05999</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1709.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14440</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.45040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3613</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08758</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.420</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>77.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>386.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.28390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.241400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.105200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2597</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09744</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>567.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20980</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.86630</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.68690</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6638</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.290</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>135.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1297.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13280</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.198000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.104300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1809</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05883</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1575.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2364</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07678</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.450</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>477.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.157800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.080890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07613</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>741.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17910</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.52490</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3985</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12440</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>18.250</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>119.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1040.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09463</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.112700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.074000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1794</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05742</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>153.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1606.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.37840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3063</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08368</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.710</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.83</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>577.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.093660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.059850</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2196</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07451</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.14</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>897.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3196</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.000</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.82</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>519.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.185900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.093530</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07389</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>106.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>739.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.54010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4378</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10720</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.460</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>475.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.227300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.085430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08243</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>711.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18530</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.05800</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.10500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4366</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.020</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.24</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>797.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.032990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.033230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1528</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05697</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1150.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09975</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2948</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08452</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.780</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>781.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12920</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.066060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1842</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06082</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.28</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1299.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39650</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3792</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.170</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1123.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24580</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.206500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.111800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2397</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07800</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>1332.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17670</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3176</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.850</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>782.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08401</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.053640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1847</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05338</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>112.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>876.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11190</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2809</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06287</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.730</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>578.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22930</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.212800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.080250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2069</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07682</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>697.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.77250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.69430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22080</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3596</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.540</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>658.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.163900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.073640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2303</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07077</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>124.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>943.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.65770</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.70260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4218</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.680</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>684.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09867</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.073950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.052590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1586</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05922</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1138.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.29140</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3029</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08216</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.130</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>798.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.172200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.102800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2164</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07356</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1315.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42330</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.47840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3706</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.810</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1260.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09831</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.147900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094980</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1582</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05395</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>2398.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53720</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2768</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07615</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.540</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>566.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09779</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08129</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.066640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.047810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1885</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05766</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>711.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2977</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07259</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.080</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>85.63</td>\n",
       "      <td>520.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.045680</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.031100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06811</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>630.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07283</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3184</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08183</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.504</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>60.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>273.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06492</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.029560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.020760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1815</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06905</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>314.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08867</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06227</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07773</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.340</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>704.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.207700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.097560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2521</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07032</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>125.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>980.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.59540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.63050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23930</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4667</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09946</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>21.160</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>137.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1404.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09428</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.109700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.086320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05278</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>188.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2615.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2822</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07526</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.650</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>110.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>904.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11210</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.152500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.091700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1995</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06330</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>177.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>2215.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.46950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3613</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09564</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>17.140</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>116.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>912.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.222900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.140100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07413</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1461.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39490</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.38530</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4066</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.580</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>644.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10540</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.18680</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.142500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087830</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2252</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06924</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>896.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.55390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4264</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>18.610</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1094.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09440</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.149000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.077310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1697</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05699</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>139.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1403.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.34460</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2341</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07421</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.300</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>732.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.168300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.087510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1926</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06540</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>149.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1269.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.61100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.63350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4027</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09876</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>17.570</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>115.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>955.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09847</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.098750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.079530</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1739</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06149</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>134.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1227.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12550</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.28120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2756</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07919</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>539</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.691</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>170.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08668</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.092520</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.013640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2037</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07751</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>54.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>223.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.33930</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2790</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10660</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>540</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.540</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>402.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09984</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.067370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.025940</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1818</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06782</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>457.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13450</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21180</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06918</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08134</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>541</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.470</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.81</td>\n",
       "      <td>656.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08837</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.100900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.038900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1872</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06341</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>113.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>808.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3187</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>542</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.740</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.42</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>668.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08275</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07214</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.041050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.030270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05680</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.29</td>\n",
       "      <td>107.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>826.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13760</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16110</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2722</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06956</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>543</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.210</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>84.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>538.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08671</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06877</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.029870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.032750</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1628</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05781</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>629.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10720</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07958</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2473</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06443</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>544</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.870</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>89.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>584.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09578</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10180</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.036880</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023690</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06688</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>688.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13770</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06845</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08492</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>545</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.620</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.19</td>\n",
       "      <td>573.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09246</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06747</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.029740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.024430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1664</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05801</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>729.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10490</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07174</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2642</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06953</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>546</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.320</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>324.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09434</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04994</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.010120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.005495</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1885</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06201</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.12</td>\n",
       "      <td>384.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12850</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08842</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04384</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02381</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2681</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07399</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>547</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.260</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>320.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08877</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08066</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.043580</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.024380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06714</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>357.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22460</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17830</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08333</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2691</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09479</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>548</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.683</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>61.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>285.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08491</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023370</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.009615</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1580</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06235</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>69.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>364.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09546</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09350</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03846</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2552</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07920</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>549</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.820</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>68.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>361.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08192</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06602</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.015480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.008160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1976</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06328</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.45</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>505.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16330</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06194</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03264</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3059</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07626</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>550</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.860</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>68.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>360.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07431</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04227</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1661</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05948</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>412.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10010</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07348</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2458</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06592</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>551</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.130</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>378.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09566</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08194</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.048240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.022570</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06552</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>77.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>436.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06413</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3169</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08032</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>552</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.770</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.43</td>\n",
       "      <td>81.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>507.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08276</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04234</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.019970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.014990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05637</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>88.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>594.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12340</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08653</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06498</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2407</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06484</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>553</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.333</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>264.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05605</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.039960</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.012820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1692</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06576</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.86</td>\n",
       "      <td>295.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08298</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07993</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02564</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2435</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07393</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>554</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.880</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>514.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08123</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05824</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.061950</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023430</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1566</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05708</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>88.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>595.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06493</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2372</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07242</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>555</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.290</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>321.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07658</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.059990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.027380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1593</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06127</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.91</td>\n",
       "      <td>69.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>357.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.17100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09127</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2226</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08283</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>556</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.160</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>64.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>311.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07504</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.005025</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.011160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1791</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06331</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>67.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>347.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12650</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01005</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02232</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2262</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06742</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>557</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.423</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>271.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08123</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04971</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1742</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06059</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.24</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>330.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10730</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07158</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2475</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06969</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>558</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.590</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.39</td>\n",
       "      <td>657.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08473</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.102900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.037360</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1454</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06147</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>105.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>733.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31710</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2258</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08004</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>559</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.510</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>403.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09261</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10210</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.111200</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.041050</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1388</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06570</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.28</td>\n",
       "      <td>474.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12980</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.36300</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09653</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2112</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08732</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>560</th>\n",
       "      <td>14.050</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>600.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09929</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.044620</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.043040</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1537</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06171</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>100.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>706.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12410</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22640</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08321</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>561</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.200</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>386.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07449</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05502</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.19</td>\n",
       "      <td>439.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09267</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05494</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1566</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05905</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>562</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.220</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.62</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>716.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10480</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.255000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094290</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2128</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07152</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.79</td>\n",
       "      <td>128.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>915.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.79170</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.17000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23560</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4089</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14090</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>563</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.920</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>143.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1347.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22360</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.317400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.147400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2149</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06879</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1819.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14070</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.41860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.65990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25420</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2929</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09873</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>564</th>\n",
       "      <td>21.560</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.39</td>\n",
       "      <td>142.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1479.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.243900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.138900</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1726</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05623</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2027.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14100</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.21130</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.41070</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2060</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07115</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>565</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.130</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>1261.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10340</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.144000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.097910</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1752</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>155.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1731.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19220</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.32150</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16280</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2572</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06637</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>566</th>\n",
       "      <td>16.600</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>858.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08455</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.092510</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.053020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1590</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05648</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.12</td>\n",
       "      <td>126.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>1124.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30940</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.34030</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.14180</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2218</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>567</th>\n",
       "      <td>20.600</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>140.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1265.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11780</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.351400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.152000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2397</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07016</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.42</td>\n",
       "      <td>184.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1821.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.86810</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.93870</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26500</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.12400</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>568</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.760</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>47.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05263</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04362</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1587</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05884</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>268.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.08996</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06444</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2871</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07039</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>569 rows × 31 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     mean radius  mean texture  mean perimeter  mean area  mean smoothness  \\\n",
       "0         17.990         10.38          122.80     1001.0          0.11840   \n",
       "1         20.570         17.77          132.90     1326.0          0.08474   \n",
       "2         19.690         21.25          130.00     1203.0          0.10960   \n",
       "3         11.420         20.38           77.58      386.1          0.14250   \n",
       "4         20.290         14.34          135.10     1297.0          0.10030   \n",
       "5         12.450         15.70           82.57      477.1          0.12780   \n",
       "6         18.250         19.98          119.60     1040.0          0.09463   \n",
       "7         13.710         20.83           90.20      577.9          0.11890   \n",
       "8         13.000         21.82           87.50      519.8          0.12730   \n",
       "9         12.460         24.04           83.97      475.9          0.11860   \n",
       "10        16.020         23.24          102.70      797.8          0.08206   \n",
       "11        15.780         17.89          103.60      781.0          0.09710   \n",
       "12        19.170         24.80          132.40     1123.0          0.09740   \n",
       "13        15.850         23.95          103.70      782.7          0.08401   \n",
       "14        13.730         22.61           93.60      578.3          0.11310   \n",
       "15        14.540         27.54           96.73      658.8          0.11390   \n",
       "16        14.680         20.13           94.74      684.5          0.09867   \n",
       "17        16.130         20.68          108.10      798.8          0.11700   \n",
       "18        19.810         22.15          130.00     1260.0          0.09831   \n",
       "19        13.540         14.36           87.46      566.3          0.09779   \n",
       "20        13.080         15.71           85.63      520.0          0.10750   \n",
       "21         9.504         12.44           60.34      273.9          0.10240   \n",
       "22        15.340         14.26          102.50      704.4          0.10730   \n",
       "23        21.160         23.04          137.20     1404.0          0.09428   \n",
       "24        16.650         21.38          110.00      904.6          0.11210   \n",
       "25        17.140         16.40          116.00      912.7          0.11860   \n",
       "26        14.580         21.53           97.41      644.8          0.10540   \n",
       "27        18.610         20.25          122.10     1094.0          0.09440   \n",
       "28        15.300         25.27          102.40      732.4          0.10820   \n",
       "29        17.570         15.05          115.00      955.1          0.09847   \n",
       "..           ...           ...             ...        ...              ...   \n",
       "539        7.691         25.44           48.34      170.4          0.08668   \n",
       "540       11.540         14.44           74.65      402.9          0.09984   \n",
       "541       14.470         24.99           95.81      656.4          0.08837   \n",
       "542       14.740         25.42           94.70      668.6          0.08275   \n",
       "543       13.210         28.06           84.88      538.4          0.08671   \n",
       "544       13.870         20.70           89.77      584.8          0.09578   \n",
       "545       13.620         23.23           87.19      573.2          0.09246   \n",
       "546       10.320         16.35           65.31      324.9          0.09434   \n",
       "547       10.260         16.58           65.85      320.8          0.08877   \n",
       "548        9.683         19.34           61.05      285.7          0.08491   \n",
       "549       10.820         24.21           68.89      361.6          0.08192   \n",
       "550       10.860         21.48           68.51      360.5          0.07431   \n",
       "551       11.130         22.44           71.49      378.4          0.09566   \n",
       "552       12.770         29.43           81.35      507.9          0.08276   \n",
       "553        9.333         21.94           59.01      264.0          0.09240   \n",
       "554       12.880         28.92           82.50      514.3          0.08123   \n",
       "555       10.290         27.61           65.67      321.4          0.09030   \n",
       "556       10.160         19.59           64.73      311.7          0.10030   \n",
       "557        9.423         27.88           59.26      271.3          0.08123   \n",
       "558       14.590         22.68           96.39      657.1          0.08473   \n",
       "559       11.510         23.93           74.52      403.5          0.09261   \n",
       "560       14.050         27.15           91.38      600.4          0.09929   \n",
       "561       11.200         29.37           70.67      386.0          0.07449   \n",
       "562       15.220         30.62          103.40      716.9          0.10480   \n",
       "563       20.920         25.09          143.00     1347.0          0.10990   \n",
       "564       21.560         22.39          142.00     1479.0          0.11100   \n",
       "565       20.130         28.25          131.20     1261.0          0.09780   \n",
       "566       16.600         28.08          108.30      858.1          0.08455   \n",
       "567       20.600         29.33          140.10     1265.0          0.11780   \n",
       "568        7.760         24.54           47.92      181.0          0.05263   \n",
       "\n",
       "     mean compactness  mean concavity  mean concave points  mean symmetry  \\\n",
       "0             0.27760        0.300100             0.147100         0.2419   \n",
       "1             0.07864        0.086900             0.070170         0.1812   \n",
       "2             0.15990        0.197400             0.127900         0.2069   \n",
       "3             0.28390        0.241400             0.105200         0.2597   \n",
       "4             0.13280        0.198000             0.104300         0.1809   \n",
       "5             0.17000        0.157800             0.080890         0.2087   \n",
       "6             0.10900        0.112700             0.074000         0.1794   \n",
       "7             0.16450        0.093660             0.059850         0.2196   \n",
       "8             0.19320        0.185900             0.093530         0.2350   \n",
       "9             0.23960        0.227300             0.085430         0.2030   \n",
       "10            0.06669        0.032990             0.033230         0.1528   \n",
       "11            0.12920        0.099540             0.066060         0.1842   \n",
       "12            0.24580        0.206500             0.111800         0.2397   \n",
       "13            0.10020        0.099380             0.053640         0.1847   \n",
       "14            0.22930        0.212800             0.080250         0.2069   \n",
       "15            0.15950        0.163900             0.073640         0.2303   \n",
       "16            0.07200        0.073950             0.052590         0.1586   \n",
       "17            0.20220        0.172200             0.102800         0.2164   \n",
       "18            0.10270        0.147900             0.094980         0.1582   \n",
       "19            0.08129        0.066640             0.047810         0.1885   \n",
       "20            0.12700        0.045680             0.031100         0.1967   \n",
       "21            0.06492        0.029560             0.020760         0.1815   \n",
       "22            0.21350        0.207700             0.097560         0.2521   \n",
       "23            0.10220        0.109700             0.086320         0.1769   \n",
       "24            0.14570        0.152500             0.091700         0.1995   \n",
       "25            0.22760        0.222900             0.140100         0.3040   \n",
       "26            0.18680        0.142500             0.087830         0.2252   \n",
       "27            0.10660        0.149000             0.077310         0.1697   \n",
       "28            0.16970        0.168300             0.087510         0.1926   \n",
       "29            0.11570        0.098750             0.079530         0.1739   \n",
       "..                ...             ...                  ...            ...   \n",
       "539           0.11990        0.092520             0.013640         0.2037   \n",
       "540           0.11200        0.067370             0.025940         0.1818   \n",
       "541           0.12300        0.100900             0.038900         0.1872   \n",
       "542           0.07214        0.041050             0.030270         0.1840   \n",
       "543           0.06877        0.029870             0.032750         0.1628   \n",
       "544           0.10180        0.036880             0.023690         0.1620   \n",
       "545           0.06747        0.029740             0.024430         0.1664   \n",
       "546           0.04994        0.010120             0.005495         0.1885   \n",
       "547           0.08066        0.043580             0.024380         0.1669   \n",
       "548           0.05030        0.023370             0.009615         0.1580   \n",
       "549           0.06602        0.015480             0.008160         0.1976   \n",
       "550           0.04227        0.000000             0.000000         0.1661   \n",
       "551           0.08194        0.048240             0.022570         0.2030   \n",
       "552           0.04234        0.019970             0.014990         0.1539   \n",
       "553           0.05605        0.039960             0.012820         0.1692   \n",
       "554           0.05824        0.061950             0.023430         0.1566   \n",
       "555           0.07658        0.059990             0.027380         0.1593   \n",
       "556           0.07504        0.005025             0.011160         0.1791   \n",
       "557           0.04971        0.000000             0.000000         0.1742   \n",
       "558           0.13300        0.102900             0.037360         0.1454   \n",
       "559           0.10210        0.111200             0.041050         0.1388   \n",
       "560           0.11260        0.044620             0.043040         0.1537   \n",
       "561           0.03558        0.000000             0.000000         0.1060   \n",
       "562           0.20870        0.255000             0.094290         0.2128   \n",
       "563           0.22360        0.317400             0.147400         0.2149   \n",
       "564           0.11590        0.243900             0.138900         0.1726   \n",
       "565           0.10340        0.144000             0.097910         0.1752   \n",
       "566           0.10230        0.092510             0.053020         0.1590   \n",
       "567           0.27700        0.351400             0.152000         0.2397   \n",
       "568           0.04362        0.000000             0.000000         0.1587   \n",
       "\n",
       "     mean fractal dimension   ...    worst texture  worst perimeter  \\\n",
       "0                   0.07871   ...            17.33           184.60   \n",
       "1                   0.05667   ...            23.41           158.80   \n",
       "2                   0.05999   ...            25.53           152.50   \n",
       "3                   0.09744   ...            26.50            98.87   \n",
       "4                   0.05883   ...            16.67           152.20   \n",
       "5                   0.07613   ...            23.75           103.40   \n",
       "6                   0.05742   ...            27.66           153.20   \n",
       "7                   0.07451   ...            28.14           110.60   \n",
       "8                   0.07389   ...            30.73           106.20   \n",
       "9                   0.08243   ...            40.68            97.65   \n",
       "10                  0.05697   ...            33.88           123.80   \n",
       "11                  0.06082   ...            27.28           136.50   \n",
       "12                  0.07800   ...            29.94           151.70   \n",
       "13                  0.05338   ...            27.66           112.00   \n",
       "14                  0.07682   ...            32.01           108.80   \n",
       "15                  0.07077   ...            37.13           124.10   \n",
       "16                  0.05922   ...            30.88           123.40   \n",
       "17                  0.07356   ...            31.48           136.80   \n",
       "18                  0.05395   ...            30.88           186.80   \n",
       "19                  0.05766   ...            19.26            99.70   \n",
       "20                  0.06811   ...            20.49            96.09   \n",
       "21                  0.06905   ...            15.66            65.13   \n",
       "22                  0.07032   ...            19.08           125.10   \n",
       "23                  0.05278   ...            35.59           188.00   \n",
       "24                  0.06330   ...            31.56           177.00   \n",
       "25                  0.07413   ...            21.40           152.40   \n",
       "26                  0.06924   ...            33.21           122.40   \n",
       "27                  0.05699   ...            27.26           139.90   \n",
       "28                  0.06540   ...            36.71           149.30   \n",
       "29                  0.06149   ...            19.52           134.90   \n",
       "..                      ...   ...              ...              ...   \n",
       "539                 0.07751   ...            31.89            54.49   \n",
       "540                 0.06782   ...            19.68            78.78   \n",
       "541                 0.06341   ...            31.73           113.50   \n",
       "542                 0.05680   ...            32.29           107.40   \n",
       "543                 0.05781   ...            37.17            92.48   \n",
       "544                 0.06688   ...            24.75            99.17   \n",
       "545                 0.05801   ...            29.09            97.58   \n",
       "546                 0.06201   ...            21.77            71.12   \n",
       "547                 0.06714   ...            22.04            71.08   \n",
       "548                 0.06235   ...            25.59            69.10   \n",
       "549                 0.06328   ...            31.45            83.90   \n",
       "550                 0.05948   ...            24.77            74.08   \n",
       "551                 0.06552   ...            28.26            77.80   \n",
       "552                 0.05637   ...            36.00            88.10   \n",
       "553                 0.06576   ...            25.05            62.86   \n",
       "554                 0.05708   ...            35.74            88.84   \n",
       "555                 0.06127   ...            34.91            69.57   \n",
       "556                 0.06331   ...            22.88            67.88   \n",
       "557                 0.06059   ...            34.24            66.50   \n",
       "558                 0.06147   ...            27.27           105.90   \n",
       "559                 0.06570   ...            37.16            82.28   \n",
       "560                 0.06171   ...            33.17           100.20   \n",
       "561                 0.05502   ...            38.30            75.19   \n",
       "562                 0.07152   ...            42.79           128.70   \n",
       "563                 0.06879   ...            29.41           179.10   \n",
       "564                 0.05623   ...            26.40           166.10   \n",
       "565                 0.05533   ...            38.25           155.00   \n",
       "566                 0.05648   ...            34.12           126.70   \n",
       "567                 0.07016   ...            39.42           184.60   \n",
       "568                 0.05884   ...            30.37            59.16   \n",
       "\n",
       "     worst area  worst smoothness  worst compactness  worst concavity  \\\n",
       "0        2019.0           0.16220            0.66560          0.71190   \n",
       "1        1956.0           0.12380            0.18660          0.24160   \n",
       "2        1709.0           0.14440            0.42450          0.45040   \n",
       "3         567.7           0.20980            0.86630          0.68690   \n",
       "4        1575.0           0.13740            0.20500          0.40000   \n",
       "5         741.6           0.17910            0.52490          0.53550   \n",
       "6        1606.0           0.14420            0.25760          0.37840   \n",
       "7         897.0           0.16540            0.36820          0.26780   \n",
       "8         739.3           0.17030            0.54010          0.53900   \n",
       "9         711.4           0.18530            1.05800          1.10500   \n",
       "10       1150.0           0.11810            0.15510          0.14590   \n",
       "11       1299.0           0.13960            0.56090          0.39650   \n",
       "12       1332.0           0.10370            0.39030          0.36390   \n",
       "13        876.5           0.11310            0.19240          0.23220   \n",
       "14        697.7           0.16510            0.77250          0.69430   \n",
       "15        943.2           0.16780            0.65770          0.70260   \n",
       "16       1138.0           0.14640            0.18710          0.29140   \n",
       "17       1315.0           0.17890            0.42330          0.47840   \n",
       "18       2398.0           0.15120            0.31500          0.53720   \n",
       "19        711.2           0.14400            0.17730          0.23900   \n",
       "20        630.5           0.13120            0.27760          0.18900   \n",
       "21        314.9           0.13240            0.11480          0.08867   \n",
       "22        980.9           0.13900            0.59540          0.63050   \n",
       "23       2615.0           0.14010            0.26000          0.31550   \n",
       "24       2215.0           0.18050            0.35780          0.46950   \n",
       "25       1461.0           0.15450            0.39490          0.38530   \n",
       "26        896.9           0.15250            0.66430          0.55390   \n",
       "27       1403.0           0.13380            0.21170          0.34460   \n",
       "28       1269.0           0.16410            0.61100          0.63350   \n",
       "29       1227.0           0.12550            0.28120          0.24890   \n",
       "..          ...               ...                ...              ...   \n",
       "539       223.6           0.15960            0.30640          0.33930   \n",
       "540       457.8           0.13450            0.21180          0.17970   \n",
       "541       808.9           0.13400            0.42020          0.40400   \n",
       "542       826.4           0.10600            0.13760          0.16110   \n",
       "543       629.6           0.10720            0.13810          0.10620   \n",
       "544       688.6           0.12640            0.20370          0.13770   \n",
       "545       729.8           0.12160            0.15170          0.10490   \n",
       "546       384.9           0.12850            0.08842          0.04384   \n",
       "547       357.4           0.14610            0.22460          0.17830   \n",
       "548       364.2           0.11990            0.09546          0.09350   \n",
       "549       505.6           0.12040            0.16330          0.06194   \n",
       "550       412.3           0.10010            0.07348          0.00000   \n",
       "551       436.6           0.10870            0.17820          0.15640   \n",
       "552       594.7           0.12340            0.10640          0.08653   \n",
       "553       295.8           0.11030            0.08298          0.07993   \n",
       "554       595.7           0.12270            0.16200          0.24390   \n",
       "555       357.6           0.13840            0.17100          0.20000   \n",
       "556       347.3           0.12650            0.12000          0.01005   \n",
       "557       330.6           0.10730            0.07158          0.00000   \n",
       "558       733.5           0.10260            0.31710          0.36620   \n",
       "559       474.2           0.12980            0.25170          0.36300   \n",
       "560       706.7           0.12410            0.22640          0.13260   \n",
       "561       439.6           0.09267            0.05494          0.00000   \n",
       "562       915.0           0.14170            0.79170          1.17000   \n",
       "563      1819.0           0.14070            0.41860          0.65990   \n",
       "564      2027.0           0.14100            0.21130          0.41070   \n",
       "565      1731.0           0.11660            0.19220          0.32150   \n",
       "566      1124.0           0.11390            0.30940          0.34030   \n",
       "567      1821.0           0.16500            0.86810          0.93870   \n",
       "568       268.6           0.08996            0.06444          0.00000   \n",
       "\n",
       "     worst concave points  worst symmetry  worst fractal dimension  target  \n",
       "0                 0.26540          0.4601                  0.11890     0.0  \n",
       "1                 0.18600          0.2750                  0.08902     0.0  \n",
       "2                 0.24300          0.3613                  0.08758     0.0  \n",
       "3                 0.25750          0.6638                  0.17300     0.0  \n",
       "4                 0.16250          0.2364                  0.07678     0.0  \n",
       "5                 0.17410          0.3985                  0.12440     0.0  \n",
       "6                 0.19320          0.3063                  0.08368     0.0  \n",
       "7                 0.15560          0.3196                  0.11510     0.0  \n",
       "8                 0.20600          0.4378                  0.10720     0.0  \n",
       "9                 0.22100          0.4366                  0.20750     0.0  \n",
       "10                0.09975          0.2948                  0.08452     0.0  \n",
       "11                0.18100          0.3792                  0.10480     0.0  \n",
       "12                0.17670          0.3176                  0.10230     0.0  \n",
       "13                0.11190          0.2809                  0.06287     0.0  \n",
       "14                0.22080          0.3596                  0.14310     0.0  \n",
       "15                0.17120          0.4218                  0.13410     0.0  \n",
       "16                0.16090          0.3029                  0.08216     0.0  \n",
       "17                0.20730          0.3706                  0.11420     0.0  \n",
       "18                0.23880          0.2768                  0.07615     0.0  \n",
       "19                0.12880          0.2977                  0.07259     1.0  \n",
       "20                0.07283          0.3184                  0.08183     1.0  \n",
       "21                0.06227          0.2450                  0.07773     1.0  \n",
       "22                0.23930          0.4667                  0.09946     0.0  \n",
       "23                0.20090          0.2822                  0.07526     0.0  \n",
       "24                0.20950          0.3613                  0.09564     0.0  \n",
       "25                0.25500          0.4066                  0.10590     0.0  \n",
       "26                0.27010          0.4264                  0.12750     0.0  \n",
       "27                0.14900          0.2341                  0.07421     0.0  \n",
       "28                0.20240          0.4027                  0.09876     0.0  \n",
       "29                0.14560          0.2756                  0.07919     0.0  \n",
       "..                    ...             ...                      ...     ...  \n",
       "539               0.05000          0.2790                  0.10660     1.0  \n",
       "540               0.06918          0.2329                  0.08134     1.0  \n",
       "541               0.12050          0.3187                  0.10230     1.0  \n",
       "542               0.10950          0.2722                  0.06956     1.0  \n",
       "543               0.07958          0.2473                  0.06443     1.0  \n",
       "544               0.06845          0.2249                  0.08492     1.0  \n",
       "545               0.07174          0.2642                  0.06953     1.0  \n",
       "546               0.02381          0.2681                  0.07399     1.0  \n",
       "547               0.08333          0.2691                  0.09479     1.0  \n",
       "548               0.03846          0.2552                  0.07920     1.0  \n",
       "549               0.03264          0.3059                  0.07626     1.0  \n",
       "550               0.00000          0.2458                  0.06592     1.0  \n",
       "551               0.06413          0.3169                  0.08032     1.0  \n",
       "552               0.06498          0.2407                  0.06484     1.0  \n",
       "553               0.02564          0.2435                  0.07393     1.0  \n",
       "554               0.06493          0.2372                  0.07242     1.0  \n",
       "555               0.09127          0.2226                  0.08283     1.0  \n",
       "556               0.02232          0.2262                  0.06742     1.0  \n",
       "557               0.00000          0.2475                  0.06969     1.0  \n",
       "558               0.11050          0.2258                  0.08004     1.0  \n",
       "559               0.09653          0.2112                  0.08732     1.0  \n",
       "560               0.10480          0.2250                  0.08321     1.0  \n",
       "561               0.00000          0.1566                  0.05905     1.0  \n",
       "562               0.23560          0.4089                  0.14090     0.0  \n",
       "563               0.25420          0.2929                  0.09873     0.0  \n",
       "564               0.22160          0.2060                  0.07115     0.0  \n",
       "565               0.16280          0.2572                  0.06637     0.0  \n",
       "566               0.14180          0.2218                  0.07820     0.0  \n",
       "567               0.26500          0.4087                  0.12400     0.0  \n",
       "568               0.00000          0.2871                  0.07039     1.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[569 rows x 31 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_one():\n",
    "    return pd.DataFrame(data=np.c_[cancer.data, cancer.target], columns=list(cancer.feature_names) + ['target'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 2\n",
    "What is the class distribution? (i.e. how many instances of `malignant` and how many `benign`?)\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a Series named `target` of length 2 with integer values and index =* `['malignant', 'benign']`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "benign       357\n",
       "malignant    212\n",
       "Name: target, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_two():\n",
    "    cancerdf = answer_one()\n",
    "    df = cancerdf['target'].value_counts()\n",
    "    df.index = ['benign', 'malignant']\n",
    "    return df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 3\n",
    "Split the DataFrame into `X` (the data) and `y` (the labels).\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a tuple of length 2:* `(X, y)`*, where* \n",
    "* `X` *has shape* `(569, 30)`\n",
    "* `y` *has shape* `(569,)`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(     mean radius  mean texture  mean perimeter  mean area  mean smoothness  \\\n",
       " 0         17.990         10.38          122.80     1001.0          0.11840   \n",
       " 1         20.570         17.77          132.90     1326.0          0.08474   \n",
       " 2         19.690         21.25          130.00     1203.0          0.10960   \n",
       " 3         11.420         20.38           77.58      386.1          0.14250   \n",
       " 4         20.290         14.34          135.10     1297.0          0.10030   \n",
       " 5         12.450         15.70           82.57      477.1          0.12780   \n",
       " 6         18.250         19.98          119.60     1040.0          0.09463   \n",
       " 7         13.710         20.83           90.20      577.9          0.11890   \n",
       " 8         13.000         21.82           87.50      519.8          0.12730   \n",
       " 9         12.460         24.04           83.97      475.9          0.11860   \n",
       " 10        16.020         23.24          102.70      797.8          0.08206   \n",
       " 11        15.780         17.89          103.60      781.0          0.09710   \n",
       " 12        19.170         24.80          132.40     1123.0          0.09740   \n",
       " 13        15.850         23.95          103.70      782.7          0.08401   \n",
       " 14        13.730         22.61           93.60      578.3          0.11310   \n",
       " 15        14.540         27.54           96.73      658.8          0.11390   \n",
       " 16        14.680         20.13           94.74      684.5          0.09867   \n",
       " 17        16.130         20.68          108.10      798.8          0.11700   \n",
       " 18        19.810         22.15          130.00     1260.0          0.09831   \n",
       " 19        13.540         14.36           87.46      566.3          0.09779   \n",
       " 20        13.080         15.71           85.63      520.0          0.10750   \n",
       " 21         9.504         12.44           60.34      273.9          0.10240   \n",
       " 22        15.340         14.26          102.50      704.4          0.10730   \n",
       " 23        21.160         23.04          137.20     1404.0          0.09428   \n",
       " 24        16.650         21.38          110.00      904.6          0.11210   \n",
       " 25        17.140         16.40          116.00      912.7          0.11860   \n",
       " 26        14.580         21.53           97.41      644.8          0.10540   \n",
       " 27        18.610         20.25          122.10     1094.0          0.09440   \n",
       " 28        15.300         25.27          102.40      732.4          0.10820   \n",
       " 29        17.570         15.05          115.00      955.1          0.09847   \n",
       " ..           ...           ...             ...        ...              ...   \n",
       " 539        7.691         25.44           48.34      170.4          0.08668   \n",
       " 540       11.540         14.44           74.65      402.9          0.09984   \n",
       " 541       14.470         24.99           95.81      656.4          0.08837   \n",
       " 542       14.740         25.42           94.70      668.6          0.08275   \n",
       " 543       13.210         28.06           84.88      538.4          0.08671   \n",
       " 544       13.870         20.70           89.77      584.8          0.09578   \n",
       " 545       13.620         23.23           87.19      573.2          0.09246   \n",
       " 546       10.320         16.35           65.31      324.9          0.09434   \n",
       " 547       10.260         16.58           65.85      320.8          0.08877   \n",
       " 548        9.683         19.34           61.05      285.7          0.08491   \n",
       " 549       10.820         24.21           68.89      361.6          0.08192   \n",
       " 550       10.860         21.48           68.51      360.5          0.07431   \n",
       " 551       11.130         22.44           71.49      378.4          0.09566   \n",
       " 552       12.770         29.43           81.35      507.9          0.08276   \n",
       " 553        9.333         21.94           59.01      264.0          0.09240   \n",
       " 554       12.880         28.92           82.50      514.3          0.08123   \n",
       " 555       10.290         27.61           65.67      321.4          0.09030   \n",
       " 556       10.160         19.59           64.73      311.7          0.10030   \n",
       " 557        9.423         27.88           59.26      271.3          0.08123   \n",
       " 558       14.590         22.68           96.39      657.1          0.08473   \n",
       " 559       11.510         23.93           74.52      403.5          0.09261   \n",
       " 560       14.050         27.15           91.38      600.4          0.09929   \n",
       " 561       11.200         29.37           70.67      386.0          0.07449   \n",
       " 562       15.220         30.62          103.40      716.9          0.10480   \n",
       " 563       20.920         25.09          143.00     1347.0          0.10990   \n",
       " 564       21.560         22.39          142.00     1479.0          0.11100   \n",
       " 565       20.130         28.25          131.20     1261.0          0.09780   \n",
       " 566       16.600         28.08          108.30      858.1          0.08455   \n",
       " 567       20.600         29.33          140.10     1265.0          0.11780   \n",
       " 568        7.760         24.54           47.92      181.0          0.05263   \n",
       " \n",
       "      mean compactness  mean concavity  mean concave points  mean symmetry  \\\n",
       " 0             0.27760        0.300100             0.147100         0.2419   \n",
       " 1             0.07864        0.086900             0.070170         0.1812   \n",
       " 2             0.15990        0.197400             0.127900         0.2069   \n",
       " 3             0.28390        0.241400             0.105200         0.2597   \n",
       " 4             0.13280        0.198000             0.104300         0.1809   \n",
       " 5             0.17000        0.157800             0.080890         0.2087   \n",
       " 6             0.10900        0.112700             0.074000         0.1794   \n",
       " 7             0.16450        0.093660             0.059850         0.2196   \n",
       " 8             0.19320        0.185900             0.093530         0.2350   \n",
       " 9             0.23960        0.227300             0.085430         0.2030   \n",
       " 10            0.06669        0.032990             0.033230         0.1528   \n",
       " 11            0.12920        0.099540             0.066060         0.1842   \n",
       " 12            0.24580        0.206500             0.111800         0.2397   \n",
       " 13            0.10020        0.099380             0.053640         0.1847   \n",
       " 14            0.22930        0.212800             0.080250         0.2069   \n",
       " 15            0.15950        0.163900             0.073640         0.2303   \n",
       " 16            0.07200        0.073950             0.052590         0.1586   \n",
       " 17            0.20220        0.172200             0.102800         0.2164   \n",
       " 18            0.10270        0.147900             0.094980         0.1582   \n",
       " 19            0.08129        0.066640             0.047810         0.1885   \n",
       " 20            0.12700        0.045680             0.031100         0.1967   \n",
       " 21            0.06492        0.029560             0.020760         0.1815   \n",
       " 22            0.21350        0.207700             0.097560         0.2521   \n",
       " 23            0.10220        0.109700             0.086320         0.1769   \n",
       " 24            0.14570        0.152500             0.091700         0.1995   \n",
       " 25            0.22760        0.222900             0.140100         0.3040   \n",
       " 26            0.18680        0.142500             0.087830         0.2252   \n",
       " 27            0.10660        0.149000             0.077310         0.1697   \n",
       " 28            0.16970        0.168300             0.087510         0.1926   \n",
       " 29            0.11570        0.098750             0.079530         0.1739   \n",
       " ..                ...             ...                  ...            ...   \n",
       " 539           0.11990        0.092520             0.013640         0.2037   \n",
       " 540           0.11200        0.067370             0.025940         0.1818   \n",
       " 541           0.12300        0.100900             0.038900         0.1872   \n",
       " 542           0.07214        0.041050             0.030270         0.1840   \n",
       " 543           0.06877        0.029870             0.032750         0.1628   \n",
       " 544           0.10180        0.036880             0.023690         0.1620   \n",
       " 545           0.06747        0.029740             0.024430         0.1664   \n",
       " 546           0.04994        0.010120             0.005495         0.1885   \n",
       " 547           0.08066        0.043580             0.024380         0.1669   \n",
       " 548           0.05030        0.023370             0.009615         0.1580   \n",
       " 549           0.06602        0.015480             0.008160         0.1976   \n",
       " 550           0.04227        0.000000             0.000000         0.1661   \n",
       " 551           0.08194        0.048240             0.022570         0.2030   \n",
       " 552           0.04234        0.019970             0.014990         0.1539   \n",
       " 553           0.05605        0.039960             0.012820         0.1692   \n",
       " 554           0.05824        0.061950             0.023430         0.1566   \n",
       " 555           0.07658        0.059990             0.027380         0.1593   \n",
       " 556           0.07504        0.005025             0.011160         0.1791   \n",
       " 557           0.04971        0.000000             0.000000         0.1742   \n",
       " 558           0.13300        0.102900             0.037360         0.1454   \n",
       " 559           0.10210        0.111200             0.041050         0.1388   \n",
       " 560           0.11260        0.044620             0.043040         0.1537   \n",
       " 561           0.03558        0.000000             0.000000         0.1060   \n",
       " 562           0.20870        0.255000             0.094290         0.2128   \n",
       " 563           0.22360        0.317400             0.147400         0.2149   \n",
       " 564           0.11590        0.243900             0.138900         0.1726   \n",
       " 565           0.10340        0.144000             0.097910         0.1752   \n",
       " 566           0.10230        0.092510             0.053020         0.1590   \n",
       " 567           0.27700        0.351400             0.152000         0.2397   \n",
       " 568           0.04362        0.000000             0.000000         0.1587   \n",
       " \n",
       "      mean fractal dimension           ...             worst radius  \\\n",
       " 0                   0.07871           ...                   25.380   \n",
       " 1                   0.05667           ...                   24.990   \n",
       " 2                   0.05999           ...                   23.570   \n",
       " 3                   0.09744           ...                   14.910   \n",
       " 4                   0.05883           ...                   22.540   \n",
       " 5                   0.07613           ...                   15.470   \n",
       " 6                   0.05742           ...                   22.880   \n",
       " 7                   0.07451           ...                   17.060   \n",
       " 8                   0.07389           ...                   15.490   \n",
       " 9                   0.08243           ...                   15.090   \n",
       " 10                  0.05697           ...                   19.190   \n",
       " 11                  0.06082           ...                   20.420   \n",
       " 12                  0.07800           ...                   20.960   \n",
       " 13                  0.05338           ...                   16.840   \n",
       " 14                  0.07682           ...                   15.030   \n",
       " 15                  0.07077           ...                   17.460   \n",
       " 16                  0.05922           ...                   19.070   \n",
       " 17                  0.07356           ...                   20.960   \n",
       " 18                  0.05395           ...                   27.320   \n",
       " 19                  0.05766           ...                   15.110   \n",
       " 20                  0.06811           ...                   14.500   \n",
       " 21                  0.06905           ...                   10.230   \n",
       " 22                  0.07032           ...                   18.070   \n",
       " 23                  0.05278           ...                   29.170   \n",
       " 24                  0.06330           ...                   26.460   \n",
       " 25                  0.07413           ...                   22.250   \n",
       " 26                  0.06924           ...                   17.620   \n",
       " 27                  0.05699           ...                   21.310   \n",
       " 28                  0.06540           ...                   20.270   \n",
       " 29                  0.06149           ...                   20.010   \n",
       " ..                      ...           ...                      ...   \n",
       " 539                 0.07751           ...                    8.678   \n",
       " 540                 0.06782           ...                   12.260   \n",
       " 541                 0.06341           ...                   16.220   \n",
       " 542                 0.05680           ...                   16.510   \n",
       " 543                 0.05781           ...                   14.370   \n",
       " 544                 0.06688           ...                   15.050   \n",
       " 545                 0.05801           ...                   15.350   \n",
       " 546                 0.06201           ...                   11.250   \n",
       " 547                 0.06714           ...                   10.830   \n",
       " 548                 0.06235           ...                   10.930   \n",
       " 549                 0.06328           ...                   13.030   \n",
       " 550                 0.05948           ...                   11.660   \n",
       " 551                 0.06552           ...                   12.020   \n",
       " 552                 0.05637           ...                   13.870   \n",
       " 553                 0.06576           ...                    9.845   \n",
       " 554                 0.05708           ...                   13.890   \n",
       " 555                 0.06127           ...                   10.840   \n",
       " 556                 0.06331           ...                   10.650   \n",
       " 557                 0.06059           ...                   10.490   \n",
       " 558                 0.06147           ...                   15.480   \n",
       " 559                 0.06570           ...                   12.480   \n",
       " 560                 0.06171           ...                   15.300   \n",
       " 561                 0.05502           ...                   11.920   \n",
       " 562                 0.07152           ...                   17.520   \n",
       " 563                 0.06879           ...                   24.290   \n",
       " 564                 0.05623           ...                   25.450   \n",
       " 565                 0.05533           ...                   23.690   \n",
       " 566                 0.05648           ...                   18.980   \n",
       " 567                 0.07016           ...                   25.740   \n",
       " 568                 0.05884           ...                    9.456   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst texture  worst perimeter  worst area  worst smoothness  \\\n",
       " 0            17.33           184.60      2019.0           0.16220   \n",
       " 1            23.41           158.80      1956.0           0.12380   \n",
       " 2            25.53           152.50      1709.0           0.14440   \n",
       " 3            26.50            98.87       567.7           0.20980   \n",
       " 4            16.67           152.20      1575.0           0.13740   \n",
       " 5            23.75           103.40       741.6           0.17910   \n",
       " 6            27.66           153.20      1606.0           0.14420   \n",
       " 7            28.14           110.60       897.0           0.16540   \n",
       " 8            30.73           106.20       739.3           0.17030   \n",
       " 9            40.68            97.65       711.4           0.18530   \n",
       " 10           33.88           123.80      1150.0           0.11810   \n",
       " 11           27.28           136.50      1299.0           0.13960   \n",
       " 12           29.94           151.70      1332.0           0.10370   \n",
       " 13           27.66           112.00       876.5           0.11310   \n",
       " 14           32.01           108.80       697.7           0.16510   \n",
       " 15           37.13           124.10       943.2           0.16780   \n",
       " 16           30.88           123.40      1138.0           0.14640   \n",
       " 17           31.48           136.80      1315.0           0.17890   \n",
       " 18           30.88           186.80      2398.0           0.15120   \n",
       " 19           19.26            99.70       711.2           0.14400   \n",
       " 20           20.49            96.09       630.5           0.13120   \n",
       " 21           15.66            65.13       314.9           0.13240   \n",
       " 22           19.08           125.10       980.9           0.13900   \n",
       " 23           35.59           188.00      2615.0           0.14010   \n",
       " 24           31.56           177.00      2215.0           0.18050   \n",
       " 25           21.40           152.40      1461.0           0.15450   \n",
       " 26           33.21           122.40       896.9           0.15250   \n",
       " 27           27.26           139.90      1403.0           0.13380   \n",
       " 28           36.71           149.30      1269.0           0.16410   \n",
       " 29           19.52           134.90      1227.0           0.12550   \n",
       " ..             ...              ...         ...               ...   \n",
       " 539          31.89            54.49       223.6           0.15960   \n",
       " 540          19.68            78.78       457.8           0.13450   \n",
       " 541          31.73           113.50       808.9           0.13400   \n",
       " 542          32.29           107.40       826.4           0.10600   \n",
       " 543          37.17            92.48       629.6           0.10720   \n",
       " 544          24.75            99.17       688.6           0.12640   \n",
       " 545          29.09            97.58       729.8           0.12160   \n",
       " 546          21.77            71.12       384.9           0.12850   \n",
       " 547          22.04            71.08       357.4           0.14610   \n",
       " 548          25.59            69.10       364.2           0.11990   \n",
       " 549          31.45            83.90       505.6           0.12040   \n",
       " 550          24.77            74.08       412.3           0.10010   \n",
       " 551          28.26            77.80       436.6           0.10870   \n",
       " 552          36.00            88.10       594.7           0.12340   \n",
       " 553          25.05            62.86       295.8           0.11030   \n",
       " 554          35.74            88.84       595.7           0.12270   \n",
       " 555          34.91            69.57       357.6           0.13840   \n",
       " 556          22.88            67.88       347.3           0.12650   \n",
       " 557          34.24            66.50       330.6           0.10730   \n",
       " 558          27.27           105.90       733.5           0.10260   \n",
       " 559          37.16            82.28       474.2           0.12980   \n",
       " 560          33.17           100.20       706.7           0.12410   \n",
       " 561          38.30            75.19       439.6           0.09267   \n",
       " 562          42.79           128.70       915.0           0.14170   \n",
       " 563          29.41           179.10      1819.0           0.14070   \n",
       " 564          26.40           166.10      2027.0           0.14100   \n",
       " 565          38.25           155.00      1731.0           0.11660   \n",
       " 566          34.12           126.70      1124.0           0.11390   \n",
       " 567          39.42           184.60      1821.0           0.16500   \n",
       " 568          30.37            59.16       268.6           0.08996   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst compactness  worst concavity  worst concave points  worst symmetry  \\\n",
       " 0              0.66560          0.71190               0.26540          0.4601   \n",
       " 1              0.18660          0.24160               0.18600          0.2750   \n",
       " 2              0.42450          0.45040               0.24300          0.3613   \n",
       " 3              0.86630          0.68690               0.25750          0.6638   \n",
       " 4              0.20500          0.40000               0.16250          0.2364   \n",
       " 5              0.52490          0.53550               0.17410          0.3985   \n",
       " 6              0.25760          0.37840               0.19320          0.3063   \n",
       " 7              0.36820          0.26780               0.15560          0.3196   \n",
       " 8              0.54010          0.53900               0.20600          0.4378   \n",
       " 9              1.05800          1.10500               0.22100          0.4366   \n",
       " 10             0.15510          0.14590               0.09975          0.2948   \n",
       " 11             0.56090          0.39650               0.18100          0.3792   \n",
       " 12             0.39030          0.36390               0.17670          0.3176   \n",
       " 13             0.19240          0.23220               0.11190          0.2809   \n",
       " 14             0.77250          0.69430               0.22080          0.3596   \n",
       " 15             0.65770          0.70260               0.17120          0.4218   \n",
       " 16             0.18710          0.29140               0.16090          0.3029   \n",
       " 17             0.42330          0.47840               0.20730          0.3706   \n",
       " 18             0.31500          0.53720               0.23880          0.2768   \n",
       " 19             0.17730          0.23900               0.12880          0.2977   \n",
       " 20             0.27760          0.18900               0.07283          0.3184   \n",
       " 21             0.11480          0.08867               0.06227          0.2450   \n",
       " 22             0.59540          0.63050               0.23930          0.4667   \n",
       " 23             0.26000          0.31550               0.20090          0.2822   \n",
       " 24             0.35780          0.46950               0.20950          0.3613   \n",
       " 25             0.39490          0.38530               0.25500          0.4066   \n",
       " 26             0.66430          0.55390               0.27010          0.4264   \n",
       " 27             0.21170          0.34460               0.14900          0.2341   \n",
       " 28             0.61100          0.63350               0.20240          0.4027   \n",
       " 29             0.28120          0.24890               0.14560          0.2756   \n",
       " ..                 ...              ...                   ...             ...   \n",
       " 539            0.30640          0.33930               0.05000          0.2790   \n",
       " 540            0.21180          0.17970               0.06918          0.2329   \n",
       " 541            0.42020          0.40400               0.12050          0.3187   \n",
       " 542            0.13760          0.16110               0.10950          0.2722   \n",
       " 543            0.13810          0.10620               0.07958          0.2473   \n",
       " 544            0.20370          0.13770               0.06845          0.2249   \n",
       " 545            0.15170          0.10490               0.07174          0.2642   \n",
       " 546            0.08842          0.04384               0.02381          0.2681   \n",
       " 547            0.22460          0.17830               0.08333          0.2691   \n",
       " 548            0.09546          0.09350               0.03846          0.2552   \n",
       " 549            0.16330          0.06194               0.03264          0.3059   \n",
       " 550            0.07348          0.00000               0.00000          0.2458   \n",
       " 551            0.17820          0.15640               0.06413          0.3169   \n",
       " 552            0.10640          0.08653               0.06498          0.2407   \n",
       " 553            0.08298          0.07993               0.02564          0.2435   \n",
       " 554            0.16200          0.24390               0.06493          0.2372   \n",
       " 555            0.17100          0.20000               0.09127          0.2226   \n",
       " 556            0.12000          0.01005               0.02232          0.2262   \n",
       " 557            0.07158          0.00000               0.00000          0.2475   \n",
       " 558            0.31710          0.36620               0.11050          0.2258   \n",
       " 559            0.25170          0.36300               0.09653          0.2112   \n",
       " 560            0.22640          0.13260               0.10480          0.2250   \n",
       " 561            0.05494          0.00000               0.00000          0.1566   \n",
       " 562            0.79170          1.17000               0.23560          0.4089   \n",
       " 563            0.41860          0.65990               0.25420          0.2929   \n",
       " 564            0.21130          0.41070               0.22160          0.2060   \n",
       " 565            0.19220          0.32150               0.16280          0.2572   \n",
       " 566            0.30940          0.34030               0.14180          0.2218   \n",
       " 567            0.86810          0.93870               0.26500          0.4087   \n",
       " 568            0.06444          0.00000               0.00000          0.2871   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst fractal dimension  \n",
       " 0                    0.11890  \n",
       " 1                    0.08902  \n",
       " 2                    0.08758  \n",
       " 3                    0.17300  \n",
       " 4                    0.07678  \n",
       " 5                    0.12440  \n",
       " 6                    0.08368  \n",
       " 7                    0.11510  \n",
       " 8                    0.10720  \n",
       " 9                    0.20750  \n",
       " 10                   0.08452  \n",
       " 11                   0.10480  \n",
       " 12                   0.10230  \n",
       " 13                   0.06287  \n",
       " 14                   0.14310  \n",
       " 15                   0.13410  \n",
       " 16                   0.08216  \n",
       " 17                   0.11420  \n",
       " 18                   0.07615  \n",
       " 19                   0.07259  \n",
       " 20                   0.08183  \n",
       " 21                   0.07773  \n",
       " 22                   0.09946  \n",
       " 23                   0.07526  \n",
       " 24                   0.09564  \n",
       " 25                   0.10590  \n",
       " 26                   0.12750  \n",
       " 27                   0.07421  \n",
       " 28                   0.09876  \n",
       " 29                   0.07919  \n",
       " ..                       ...  \n",
       " 539                  0.10660  \n",
       " 540                  0.08134  \n",
       " 541                  0.10230  \n",
       " 542                  0.06956  \n",
       " 543                  0.06443  \n",
       " 544                  0.08492  \n",
       " 545                  0.06953  \n",
       " 546                  0.07399  \n",
       " 547                  0.09479  \n",
       " 548                  0.07920  \n",
       " 549                  0.07626  \n",
       " 550                  0.06592  \n",
       " 551                  0.08032  \n",
       " 552                  0.06484  \n",
       " 553                  0.07393  \n",
       " 554                  0.07242  \n",
       " 555                  0.08283  \n",
       " 556                  0.06742  \n",
       " 557                  0.06969  \n",
       " 558                  0.08004  \n",
       " 559                  0.08732  \n",
       " 560                  0.08321  \n",
       " 561                  0.05905  \n",
       " 562                  0.14090  \n",
       " 563                  0.09873  \n",
       " 564                  0.07115  \n",
       " 565                  0.06637  \n",
       " 566                  0.07820  \n",
       " 567                  0.12400  \n",
       " 568                  0.07039  \n",
       " \n",
       " [569 rows x 30 columns], 0      0.0\n",
       " 1      0.0\n",
       " 2      0.0\n",
       " 3      0.0\n",
       " 4      0.0\n",
       " 5      0.0\n",
       " 6      0.0\n",
       " 7      0.0\n",
       " 8      0.0\n",
       " 9      0.0\n",
       " 10     0.0\n",
       " 11     0.0\n",
       " 12     0.0\n",
       " 13     0.0\n",
       " 14     0.0\n",
       " 15     0.0\n",
       " 16     0.0\n",
       " 17     0.0\n",
       " 18     0.0\n",
       " 19     1.0\n",
       " 20     1.0\n",
       " 21     1.0\n",
       " 22     0.0\n",
       " 23     0.0\n",
       " 24     0.0\n",
       " 25     0.0\n",
       " 26     0.0\n",
       " 27     0.0\n",
       " 28     0.0\n",
       " 29     0.0\n",
       "       ... \n",
       " 539    1.0\n",
       " 540    1.0\n",
       " 541    1.0\n",
       " 542    1.0\n",
       " 543    1.0\n",
       " 544    1.0\n",
       " 545    1.0\n",
       " 546    1.0\n",
       " 547    1.0\n",
       " 548    1.0\n",
       " 549    1.0\n",
       " 550    1.0\n",
       " 551    1.0\n",
       " 552    1.0\n",
       " 553    1.0\n",
       " 554    1.0\n",
       " 555    1.0\n",
       " 556    1.0\n",
       " 557    1.0\n",
       " 558    1.0\n",
       " 559    1.0\n",
       " 560    1.0\n",
       " 561    1.0\n",
       " 562    0.0\n",
       " 563    0.0\n",
       " 564    0.0\n",
       " 565    0.0\n",
       " 566    0.0\n",
       " 567    0.0\n",
       " 568    1.0\n",
       " Name: target, dtype: float64)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 105,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_three():\n",
    "    cancerdf = answer_one()\n",
    "    X = cancerdf.iloc[:, 0:30]\n",
    "    y = cancerdf['target']\n",
    "    return X, y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 4\n",
    "Using `train_test_split`, split `X` and `y` into training and test sets `(X_train, X_test, y_train, and y_test)`.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Set the random number generator state to 0 using `random_state=0` to make sure your results match the autograder!**\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a tuple of length 4:* `(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)`*, where* \n",
    "* `X_train` *has shape* `(426, 30)`\n",
    "* `X_test` *has shape* `(143, 30)`\n",
    "* `y_train` *has shape* `(426,)`\n",
    "* `y_test` *has shape* `(143,)`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(     mean radius  mean texture  mean perimeter  mean area  mean smoothness  \\\n",
       " 293       11.850         17.46           75.54      432.7          0.08372   \n",
       " 332       11.220         19.86           71.94      387.3          0.10540   \n",
       " 565       20.130         28.25          131.20     1261.0          0.09780   \n",
       " 278       13.590         17.84           86.24      572.3          0.07948   \n",
       " 489       16.690         20.20          107.10      857.6          0.07497   \n",
       " 346       12.060         18.90           76.66      445.3          0.08386   \n",
       " 357       13.870         16.21           88.52      593.7          0.08743   \n",
       " 355       12.560         19.07           81.92      485.8          0.08760   \n",
       " 112       14.260         19.65           97.83      629.9          0.07837   \n",
       " 68         9.029         17.33           58.79      250.5          0.10660   \n",
       " 526       13.460         18.75           87.44      551.1          0.10750   \n",
       " 206        9.876         17.27           62.92      295.4          0.10890   \n",
       " 65        14.780         23.94           97.40      668.3          0.11720   \n",
       " 437       14.040         15.98           89.78      611.2          0.08458   \n",
       " 126       13.610         24.69           87.76      572.6          0.09258   \n",
       " 429       12.720         17.67           80.98      501.3          0.07896   \n",
       " 392       15.490         19.97          102.40      744.7          0.11600   \n",
       " 343       19.680         21.68          129.90     1194.0          0.09797   \n",
       " 334       12.300         19.02           77.88      464.4          0.08313   \n",
       " 440       10.970         17.20           71.73      371.5          0.08915   \n",
       " 441       17.270         25.42          112.40      928.8          0.08331   \n",
       " 137       11.430         15.39           73.06      399.8          0.09639   \n",
       " 230       17.050         19.08          113.40      895.0          0.11410   \n",
       " 7         13.710         20.83           90.20      577.9          0.11890   \n",
       " 408       17.990         20.66          117.80      991.7          0.10360   \n",
       " 523       13.710         18.68           88.73      571.0          0.09916   \n",
       " 361       13.300         21.57           85.24      546.1          0.08582   \n",
       " 553        9.333         21.94           59.01      264.0          0.09240   \n",
       " 478       11.490         14.59           73.99      404.9          0.10460   \n",
       " 303       10.490         18.61           66.86      334.3          0.10680   \n",
       " ..           ...           ...             ...        ...              ...   \n",
       " 459        9.755         28.20           61.68      290.9          0.07984   \n",
       " 510       11.740         14.69           76.31      426.0          0.08099   \n",
       " 151        8.219         20.70           53.27      203.9          0.09405   \n",
       " 244       19.400         23.50          129.10     1155.0          0.10270   \n",
       " 543       13.210         28.06           84.88      538.4          0.08671   \n",
       " 544       13.870         20.70           89.77      584.8          0.09578   \n",
       " 265       20.730         31.12          135.70     1419.0          0.09469   \n",
       " 288       11.260         19.96           73.72      394.1          0.08020   \n",
       " 423       13.660         19.13           89.46      575.3          0.09057   \n",
       " 147       14.950         18.77           97.84      689.5          0.08138   \n",
       " 177       16.460         20.11          109.30      832.9          0.09831   \n",
       " 99        14.420         19.77           94.48      642.5          0.09752   \n",
       " 448       14.530         19.34           94.25      659.7          0.08388   \n",
       " 431       12.400         17.68           81.47      467.8          0.10540   \n",
       " 115       11.930         21.53           76.53      438.6          0.09768   \n",
       " 72        17.200         24.52          114.20      929.4          0.10710   \n",
       " 537       11.690         24.44           76.37      406.4          0.12360   \n",
       " 174       10.660         15.15           67.49      349.6          0.08792   \n",
       " 87        19.020         24.59          122.00     1076.0          0.09029   \n",
       " 551       11.130         22.44           71.49      378.4          0.09566   \n",
       " 486       14.640         16.85           94.21      666.0          0.08641   \n",
       " 314        8.597         18.60           54.09      221.2          0.10740   \n",
       " 396       13.510         18.89           88.10      558.1          0.10590   \n",
       " 472       14.920         14.93           96.45      686.9          0.08098   \n",
       " 70        18.940         21.31          123.60     1130.0          0.09009   \n",
       " 277       18.810         19.98          120.90     1102.0          0.08923   \n",
       " 9         12.460         24.04           83.97      475.9          0.11860   \n",
       " 359        9.436         18.32           59.82      278.6          0.10090   \n",
       " 192        9.720         18.22           60.73      288.1          0.06950   \n",
       " 559       11.510         23.93           74.52      403.5          0.09261   \n",
       " \n",
       "      mean compactness  mean concavity  mean concave points  mean symmetry  \\\n",
       " 293           0.05642        0.026880             0.022800         0.1875   \n",
       " 332           0.06779        0.005006             0.007583         0.1940   \n",
       " 565           0.10340        0.144000             0.097910         0.1752   \n",
       " 278           0.04052        0.019970             0.012380         0.1573   \n",
       " 489           0.07112        0.036490             0.023070         0.1846   \n",
       " 346           0.05794        0.007510             0.008488         0.1555   \n",
       " 357           0.05492        0.015020             0.020880         0.1424   \n",
       " 355           0.10380        0.103000             0.043910         0.1533   \n",
       " 112           0.22330        0.300300             0.077980         0.1704   \n",
       " 68            0.14130        0.313000             0.043750         0.2111   \n",
       " 526           0.11380        0.042010             0.031520         0.1723   \n",
       " 206           0.07232        0.017560             0.019520         0.1934   \n",
       " 65            0.14790        0.126700             0.090290         0.1953   \n",
       " 437           0.05895        0.035340             0.029440         0.1714   \n",
       " 126           0.07862        0.052850             0.030850         0.1761   \n",
       " 429           0.04522        0.014020             0.018350         0.1459   \n",
       " 392           0.15620        0.189100             0.091130         0.1929   \n",
       " 343           0.13390        0.186300             0.110300         0.2082   \n",
       " 334           0.04202        0.007756             0.008535         0.1539   \n",
       " 440           0.11130        0.094570             0.036130         0.1489   \n",
       " 441           0.11090        0.120400             0.057360         0.1467   \n",
       " 137           0.06889        0.035030             0.028750         0.1734   \n",
       " 230           0.15720        0.191000             0.109000         0.2131   \n",
       " 7             0.16450        0.093660             0.059850         0.2196   \n",
       " 408           0.13040        0.120100             0.088240         0.1992   \n",
       " 523           0.10700        0.053850             0.037830         0.1714   \n",
       " 361           0.06373        0.033440             0.024240         0.1815   \n",
       " 553           0.05605        0.039960             0.012820         0.1692   \n",
       " 478           0.08228        0.053080             0.019690         0.1779   \n",
       " 303           0.06678        0.022970             0.017800         0.1482   \n",
       " ..                ...             ...                  ...            ...   \n",
       " 459           0.04626        0.015410             0.010430         0.1621   \n",
       " 510           0.09661        0.067260             0.026390         0.1499   \n",
       " 151           0.13050        0.132100             0.021680         0.2222   \n",
       " 244           0.15580        0.204900             0.088860         0.1978   \n",
       " 543           0.06877        0.029870             0.032750         0.1628   \n",
       " 544           0.10180        0.036880             0.023690         0.1620   \n",
       " 265           0.11430        0.136700             0.086460         0.1769   \n",
       " 288           0.11810        0.092740             0.055880         0.2595   \n",
       " 423           0.11470        0.096570             0.048120         0.1848   \n",
       " 147           0.11670        0.090500             0.035620         0.1744   \n",
       " 177           0.15560        0.179300             0.088660         0.1794   \n",
       " 99            0.11410        0.093880             0.058390         0.1879   \n",
       " 448           0.07800        0.088170             0.029250         0.1473   \n",
       " 431           0.13160        0.077410             0.027990         0.1811   \n",
       " 115           0.07849        0.033280             0.020080         0.1688   \n",
       " 72            0.18300        0.169200             0.079440         0.1927   \n",
       " 537           0.15520        0.045150             0.045310         0.2131   \n",
       " 174           0.04302        0.000000             0.000000         0.1928   \n",
       " 87            0.12060        0.146800             0.082710         0.1953   \n",
       " 551           0.08194        0.048240             0.022570         0.2030   \n",
       " 486           0.06698        0.051920             0.027910         0.1409   \n",
       " 314           0.05847        0.000000             0.000000         0.2163   \n",
       " 396           0.11470        0.085800             0.053810         0.1806   \n",
       " 472           0.08549        0.055390             0.032210         0.1687   \n",
       " 70            0.10290        0.108000             0.079510         0.1582   \n",
       " 277           0.05884        0.080200             0.058430         0.1550   \n",
       " 9             0.23960        0.227300             0.085430         0.2030   \n",
       " 359           0.05956        0.027100             0.014060         0.1506   \n",
       " 192           0.02344        0.000000             0.000000         0.1653   \n",
       " 559           0.10210        0.111200             0.041050         0.1388   \n",
       " \n",
       "      mean fractal dimension           ...             worst radius  \\\n",
       " 293                 0.05715           ...                   13.060   \n",
       " 332                 0.06028           ...                   11.980   \n",
       " 565                 0.05533           ...                   23.690   \n",
       " 278                 0.05520           ...                   15.500   \n",
       " 489                 0.05325           ...                   19.180   \n",
       " 346                 0.06048           ...                   13.640   \n",
       " 357                 0.05883           ...                   15.110   \n",
       " 355                 0.06184           ...                   13.370   \n",
       " 112                 0.07769           ...                   15.300   \n",
       " 68                  0.08046           ...                   10.310   \n",
       " 526                 0.06317           ...                   15.350   \n",
       " 206                 0.06285           ...                   10.420   \n",
       " 65                  0.06654           ...                   17.310   \n",
       " 437                 0.05898           ...                   15.660   \n",
       " 126                 0.06130           ...                   16.890   \n",
       " 429                 0.05544           ...                   13.820   \n",
       " 392                 0.06744           ...                   21.200   \n",
       " 343                 0.05715           ...                   22.750   \n",
       " 334                 0.05945           ...                   13.350   \n",
       " 440                 0.06640           ...                   12.360   \n",
       " 441                 0.05407           ...                   20.380   \n",
       " 137                 0.05865           ...                   12.320   \n",
       " 230                 0.06325           ...                   19.590   \n",
       " 7                   0.07451           ...                   17.060   \n",
       " 408                 0.06069           ...                   21.080   \n",
       " 523                 0.06843           ...                   15.110   \n",
       " 361                 0.05696           ...                   14.200   \n",
       " 553                 0.06576           ...                    9.845   \n",
       " 478                 0.06574           ...                   12.400   \n",
       " 303                 0.06600           ...                   11.060   \n",
       " ..                      ...           ...                      ...   \n",
       " 459                 0.05952           ...                   10.670   \n",
       " 510                 0.06758           ...                   12.450   \n",
       " 151                 0.08261           ...                    9.092   \n",
       " 244                 0.06000           ...                   21.650   \n",
       " 543                 0.05781           ...                   14.370   \n",
       " 544                 0.06688           ...                   15.050   \n",
       " 265                 0.05674           ...                   32.490   \n",
       " 288                 0.06233           ...                   11.860   \n",
       " 423                 0.06181           ...                   15.140   \n",
       " 147                 0.06493           ...                   16.250   \n",
       " 177                 0.06323           ...                   17.790   \n",
       " 99                  0.06390           ...                   16.330   \n",
       " 448                 0.05746           ...                   16.300   \n",
       " 431                 0.07102           ...                   12.880   \n",
       " 115                 0.06194           ...                   13.670   \n",
       " 72                  0.06487           ...                   23.320   \n",
       " 537                 0.07405           ...                   12.980   \n",
       " 174                 0.05975           ...                   11.540   \n",
       " 87                  0.05629           ...                   24.560   \n",
       " 551                 0.06552           ...                   12.020   \n",
       " 486                 0.05355           ...                   16.460   \n",
       " 314                 0.07359           ...                    8.952   \n",
       " 396                 0.06079           ...                   14.800   \n",
       " 472                 0.05669           ...                   17.180   \n",
       " 70                  0.05461           ...                   24.860   \n",
       " 277                 0.04996           ...                   19.960   \n",
       " 9                   0.08243           ...                   15.090   \n",
       " 359                 0.06959           ...                   12.020   \n",
       " 192                 0.06447           ...                    9.968   \n",
       " 559                 0.06570           ...                   12.480   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst texture  worst perimeter  worst area  worst smoothness  \\\n",
       " 293          25.75            84.35       517.8           0.13690   \n",
       " 332          25.78            76.91       436.1           0.14240   \n",
       " 565          38.25           155.00      1731.0           0.11660   \n",
       " 278          26.10            98.91       739.1           0.10500   \n",
       " 489          26.56           127.30      1084.0           0.10090   \n",
       " 346          27.06            86.54       562.6           0.12890   \n",
       " 357          25.58            96.74       694.4           0.11530   \n",
       " 355          22.43            89.02       547.4           0.10960   \n",
       " 112          23.73           107.00       709.0           0.08949   \n",
       " 68           22.65            65.50       324.7           0.14820   \n",
       " 526          25.16           101.90       719.8           0.16240   \n",
       " 206          23.22            67.08       331.6           0.14150   \n",
       " 65           33.39           114.60       925.1           0.16480   \n",
       " 437          21.58           101.20       750.0           0.11950   \n",
       " 126          35.64           113.20       848.7           0.14710   \n",
       " 429          20.96            88.87       586.8           0.10680   \n",
       " 392          29.41           142.10      1359.0           0.16810   \n",
       " 343          34.66           157.60      1540.0           0.12180   \n",
       " 334          28.46            84.53       544.3           0.12220   \n",
       " 440          26.87            90.14       476.4           0.13910   \n",
       " 441          35.46           132.80      1284.0           0.14360   \n",
       " 137          22.02            79.93       462.0           0.11900   \n",
       " 230          24.89           133.50      1189.0           0.17030   \n",
       " 7            28.14           110.60       897.0           0.16540   \n",
       " 408          25.41           138.10      1349.0           0.14820   \n",
       " 523          25.63            99.43       701.9           0.14250   \n",
       " 361          29.20            92.94       621.2           0.11400   \n",
       " 553          25.05            62.86       295.8           0.11030   \n",
       " 478          21.90            82.04       467.6           0.13520   \n",
       " 303          24.54            70.76       375.4           0.14130   \n",
       " ..             ...              ...         ...               ...   \n",
       " 459          36.92            68.03       349.9           0.11100   \n",
       " 510          17.60            81.25       473.8           0.10730   \n",
       " 151          29.72            58.08       249.8           0.16300   \n",
       " 244          30.53           144.90      1417.0           0.14630   \n",
       " 543          37.17            92.48       629.6           0.10720   \n",
       " 544          24.75            99.17       688.6           0.12640   \n",
       " 265          47.16           214.00      3432.0           0.14010   \n",
       " 288          22.33            78.27       437.6           0.10280   \n",
       " 423          25.50           101.40       708.8           0.11470   \n",
       " 147          25.47           107.10       809.7           0.09970   \n",
       " 177          28.45           123.50       981.2           0.14150   \n",
       " 99           30.86           109.50       826.4           0.14310   \n",
       " 448          28.39           108.10       830.5           0.10890   \n",
       " 431          22.91            89.61       515.8           0.14500   \n",
       " 115          26.15            87.54       583.0           0.15000   \n",
       " 72           33.82           151.60      1681.0           0.15850   \n",
       " 537          32.19            86.12       487.7           0.17680   \n",
       " 174          19.20            73.20       408.3           0.10760   \n",
       " 87           30.41           152.90      1623.0           0.12490   \n",
       " 551          28.26            77.80       436.6           0.10870   \n",
       " 486          25.44           106.00       831.0           0.11420   \n",
       " 314          22.44            56.65       240.1           0.13470   \n",
       " 396          27.20            97.33       675.2           0.14280   \n",
       " 472          18.22           112.00       906.6           0.10650   \n",
       " 70           26.58           165.90      1866.0           0.11930   \n",
       " 277          24.30           129.00      1236.0           0.12430   \n",
       " 9            40.68            97.65       711.4           0.18530   \n",
       " 359          25.02            75.79       439.6           0.13330   \n",
       " 192          20.83            62.25       303.8           0.07117   \n",
       " 559          37.16            82.28       474.2           0.12980   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst compactness  worst concavity  worst concave points  worst symmetry  \\\n",
       " 293            0.17580          0.13160               0.09140          0.3101   \n",
       " 332            0.09669          0.01335               0.02022          0.3292   \n",
       " 565            0.19220          0.32150               0.16280          0.2572   \n",
       " 278            0.07622          0.10600               0.05185          0.2335   \n",
       " 489            0.29200          0.24770               0.08737          0.4677   \n",
       " 346            0.13520          0.04506               0.05093          0.2880   \n",
       " 357            0.10080          0.05285               0.05556          0.2362   \n",
       " 355            0.20020          0.23880               0.09265          0.2121   \n",
       " 112            0.41930          0.67830               0.15050          0.2398   \n",
       " 68             0.43650          1.25200               0.17500          0.4228   \n",
       " 526            0.31240          0.26540               0.14270          0.3518   \n",
       " 206            0.12470          0.06213               0.05588          0.2989   \n",
       " 65             0.34160          0.30240               0.16140          0.3321   \n",
       " 437            0.12520          0.11170               0.07453          0.2725   \n",
       " 126            0.28840          0.37960               0.13290          0.3470   \n",
       " 429            0.09605          0.03469               0.03612          0.2165   \n",
       " 392            0.39130          0.55530               0.21210          0.3187   \n",
       " 343            0.34580          0.47340               0.22550          0.4045   \n",
       " 334            0.09052          0.03619               0.03983          0.2554   \n",
       " 440            0.40820          0.47790               0.15550          0.2540   \n",
       " 441            0.41220          0.50360               0.17390          0.2500   \n",
       " 137            0.16480          0.13990               0.08476          0.2676   \n",
       " 230            0.39340          0.50180               0.25430          0.3109   \n",
       " 7              0.36820          0.26780               0.15560          0.3196   \n",
       " 408            0.37350          0.33010               0.19740          0.3060   \n",
       " 523            0.25660          0.19350               0.12840          0.2849   \n",
       " 361            0.16670          0.12120               0.05614          0.2637   \n",
       " 553            0.08298          0.07993               0.02564          0.2435   \n",
       " 478            0.20100          0.25960               0.07431          0.2941   \n",
       " 303            0.10440          0.08423               0.06528          0.2213   \n",
       " ..                 ...              ...                   ...             ...   \n",
       " 459            0.11090          0.07190               0.04866          0.2321   \n",
       " 510            0.27930          0.26900               0.10560          0.2604   \n",
       " 151            0.43100          0.53810               0.07879          0.3322   \n",
       " 244            0.29680          0.34580               0.15640          0.2920   \n",
       " 543            0.13810          0.10620               0.07958          0.2473   \n",
       " 544            0.20370          0.13770               0.06845          0.2249   \n",
       " 265            0.26440          0.34420               0.16590          0.2868   \n",
       " 288            0.18430          0.15460               0.09314          0.2955   \n",
       " 423            0.31670          0.36600               0.14070          0.2744   \n",
       " 147            0.25210          0.25000               0.08405          0.2852   \n",
       " 177            0.46670          0.58620               0.20350          0.3054   \n",
       " 99             0.30260          0.31940               0.15650          0.2718   \n",
       " 448            0.26490          0.37790               0.09594          0.2471   \n",
       " 431            0.26290          0.24030               0.07370          0.2556   \n",
       " 115            0.23990          0.15030               0.07247          0.2438   \n",
       " 72             0.73940          0.65660               0.18990          0.3313   \n",
       " 537            0.32510          0.13950               0.13080          0.2803   \n",
       " 174            0.06791          0.00000               0.00000          0.2710   \n",
       " 87             0.32060          0.57550               0.19560          0.3956   \n",
       " 551            0.17820          0.15640               0.06413          0.3169   \n",
       " 486            0.20700          0.24370               0.07828          0.2455   \n",
       " 314            0.07767          0.00000               0.00000          0.3142   \n",
       " 396            0.25700          0.34380               0.14530          0.2666   \n",
       " 472            0.27910          0.31510               0.11470          0.2688   \n",
       " 70             0.23360          0.26870               0.17890          0.2551   \n",
       " 277            0.11600          0.22100               0.12940          0.2567   \n",
       " 9              1.05800          1.10500               0.22100          0.4366   \n",
       " 359            0.10490          0.11440               0.05052          0.2454   \n",
       " 192            0.02729          0.00000               0.00000          0.1909   \n",
       " 559            0.25170          0.36300               0.09653          0.2112   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst fractal dimension  \n",
       " 293                  0.07007  \n",
       " 332                  0.06522  \n",
       " 565                  0.06637  \n",
       " 278                  0.06263  \n",
       " 489                  0.07623  \n",
       " 346                  0.08083  \n",
       " 357                  0.07113  \n",
       " 355                  0.07188  \n",
       " 112                  0.10820  \n",
       " 68                   0.11750  \n",
       " 526                  0.08665  \n",
       " 206                  0.07380  \n",
       " 65                   0.08911  \n",
       " 437                  0.07234  \n",
       " 126                  0.07900  \n",
       " 429                  0.06025  \n",
       " 392                  0.10190  \n",
       " 343                  0.07918  \n",
       " 334                  0.07207  \n",
       " 440                  0.09532  \n",
       " 441                  0.07944  \n",
       " 137                  0.06765  \n",
       " 230                  0.09061  \n",
       " 7                    0.11510  \n",
       " 408                  0.08503  \n",
       " 523                  0.09031  \n",
       " 361                  0.06658  \n",
       " 553                  0.07393  \n",
       " 478                  0.09180  \n",
       " 303                  0.07842  \n",
       " ..                       ...  \n",
       " 459                  0.07211  \n",
       " 510                  0.09879  \n",
       " 151                  0.14860  \n",
       " 244                  0.07614  \n",
       " 543                  0.06443  \n",
       " 544                  0.08492  \n",
       " 265                  0.08218  \n",
       " 288                  0.07009  \n",
       " 423                  0.08839  \n",
       " 147                  0.09218  \n",
       " 177                  0.09519  \n",
       " 99                   0.09353  \n",
       " 448                  0.07463  \n",
       " 431                  0.09359  \n",
       " 115                  0.08541  \n",
       " 72                   0.13390  \n",
       " 537                  0.09970  \n",
       " 174                  0.06164  \n",
       " 87                   0.09288  \n",
       " 551                  0.08032  \n",
       " 486                  0.06596  \n",
       " 314                  0.08116  \n",
       " 396                  0.07686  \n",
       " 472                  0.08273  \n",
       " 70                   0.06589  \n",
       " 277                  0.05737  \n",
       " 9                    0.20750  \n",
       " 359                  0.08136  \n",
       " 192                  0.06559  \n",
       " 559                  0.08732  \n",
       " \n",
       " [426 rows x 30 columns],\n",
       "      mean radius  mean texture  mean perimeter  mean area  mean smoothness  \\\n",
       " 512       13.400         20.52           88.64      556.7          0.11060   \n",
       " 457       13.210         25.25           84.10      537.9          0.08791   \n",
       " 439       14.020         15.66           89.59      606.5          0.07966   \n",
       " 298       14.260         18.17           91.22      633.1          0.06576   \n",
       " 37        13.030         18.42           82.61      523.8          0.08983   \n",
       " 515       11.340         18.61           72.76      391.2          0.10490   \n",
       " 382       12.050         22.72           78.75      447.8          0.06935   \n",
       " 310       11.700         19.11           74.33      418.7          0.08814   \n",
       " 538        7.729         25.49           47.98      178.8          0.08098   \n",
       " 345       10.260         14.71           66.20      321.6          0.09882   \n",
       " 421       14.690         13.98           98.22      656.1          0.10310   \n",
       " 90        14.620         24.02           94.57      662.7          0.08974   \n",
       " 412        9.397         21.68           59.75      268.8          0.07969   \n",
       " 157       16.840         19.46          108.40      880.2          0.07445   \n",
       " 89        14.640         15.24           95.77      651.9          0.11320   \n",
       " 172       15.460         11.89          102.50      736.9          0.12570   \n",
       " 318        9.042         18.90           60.07      244.5          0.09968   \n",
       " 233       20.510         27.81          134.40     1319.0          0.09159   \n",
       " 389       19.550         23.21          128.90     1174.0          0.10100   \n",
       " 250       20.940         23.56          138.90     1364.0          0.10070   \n",
       " 31        11.840         18.70           77.93      440.6          0.11090   \n",
       " 283       16.240         18.77          108.80      805.1          0.10660   \n",
       " 482       13.470         14.06           87.32      546.3          0.10710   \n",
       " 211       11.840         18.94           75.51      428.0          0.08871   \n",
       " 372       21.370         15.10          141.30     1386.0          0.10010   \n",
       " 401       11.930         10.91           76.14      442.7          0.08872   \n",
       " 159       10.900         12.96           68.69      366.8          0.07515   \n",
       " 14        13.730         22.61           93.60      578.3          0.11310   \n",
       " 364       13.400         16.95           85.48      552.4          0.07937   \n",
       " 337       18.770         21.43          122.90     1092.0          0.09116   \n",
       " ..           ...           ...             ...        ...              ...   \n",
       " 500       15.040         16.74           98.73      689.4          0.09883   \n",
       " 338       10.050         17.53           64.41      310.8          0.10070   \n",
       " 427       10.800         21.98           68.79      359.9          0.08801   \n",
       " 406       16.140         14.86          104.30      800.0          0.09495   \n",
       " 96        12.180         17.84           77.79      451.1          0.10450   \n",
       " 490       12.250         22.44           78.18      466.5          0.08192   \n",
       " 384       13.280         13.72           85.79      541.8          0.08363   \n",
       " 281       11.740         14.02           74.24      427.3          0.07813   \n",
       " 325       12.670         17.30           81.25      489.9          0.10280   \n",
       " 190       14.220         23.12           94.37      609.9          0.10750   \n",
       " 380       11.270         12.96           73.16      386.3          0.12370   \n",
       " 366       20.200         26.83          133.70     1234.0          0.09905   \n",
       " 469       11.620         18.18           76.38      408.8          0.11750   \n",
       " 225       14.340         13.47           92.51      641.2          0.09906   \n",
       " 271       11.290         13.04           72.23      388.0          0.09834   \n",
       " 547       10.260         16.58           65.85      320.8          0.08877   \n",
       " 550       10.860         21.48           68.51      360.5          0.07431   \n",
       " 492       18.010         20.56          118.40     1007.0          0.10010   \n",
       " 185       10.080         15.11           63.76      317.5          0.09267   \n",
       " 306       13.200         15.82           84.07      537.3          0.08511   \n",
       " 208       13.110         22.54           87.02      529.4          0.10020   \n",
       " 242       11.300         18.19           73.93      389.4          0.09592   \n",
       " 313       11.540         10.72           73.73      409.1          0.08597   \n",
       " 542       14.740         25.42           94.70      668.6          0.08275   \n",
       " 514       15.050         19.07           97.26      701.9          0.09215   \n",
       " 236       23.210         26.97          153.50     1670.0          0.09509   \n",
       " 113       10.510         20.19           68.64      334.2          0.11220   \n",
       " 527       12.340         12.27           78.94      468.5          0.09003   \n",
       " 76        13.530         10.94           87.91      559.2          0.12910   \n",
       " 162       19.590         18.15          130.70     1214.0          0.11200   \n",
       " \n",
       "      mean compactness  mean concavity  mean concave points  mean symmetry  \\\n",
       " 512           0.14690        0.144500             0.081720         0.2116   \n",
       " 457           0.05205        0.027720             0.020680         0.1619   \n",
       " 439           0.05581        0.020870             0.026520         0.1589   \n",
       " 298           0.05220        0.024750             0.013740         0.1635   \n",
       " 37            0.03766        0.025620             0.029230         0.1467   \n",
       " 515           0.08499        0.043020             0.025940         0.1927   \n",
       " 382           0.10730        0.079430             0.029780         0.1203   \n",
       " 310           0.05253        0.015830             0.011480         0.1936   \n",
       " 538           0.04878        0.000000             0.000000         0.1870   \n",
       " 345           0.09159        0.035810             0.020370         0.1633   \n",
       " 421           0.18360        0.145000             0.063000         0.2086   \n",
       " 90            0.08606        0.031020             0.029570         0.1685   \n",
       " 412           0.06053        0.037350             0.005128         0.1274   \n",
       " 157           0.07223        0.051500             0.027710         0.1844   \n",
       " 89            0.13390        0.099660             0.070640         0.2116   \n",
       " 172           0.15550        0.203200             0.109700         0.1966   \n",
       " 318           0.19720        0.197500             0.049080         0.2330   \n",
       " 233           0.10740        0.155400             0.083400         0.1448   \n",
       " 389           0.13180        0.185600             0.102100         0.1989   \n",
       " 250           0.16060        0.271200             0.131000         0.2205   \n",
       " 31            0.15160        0.121800             0.051820         0.2301   \n",
       " 283           0.18020        0.194800             0.090520         0.1876   \n",
       " 482           0.11550        0.057860             0.052660         0.1779   \n",
       " 211           0.06900        0.026690             0.013930         0.1533   \n",
       " 372           0.15150        0.193200             0.125500         0.1973   \n",
       " 401           0.05242        0.026060             0.017960         0.1601   \n",
       " 159           0.03718        0.003090             0.006588         0.1442   \n",
       " 14            0.22930        0.212800             0.080250         0.2069   \n",
       " 364           0.05696        0.021810             0.014730         0.1650   \n",
       " 337           0.14020        0.106000             0.060900         0.1953   \n",
       " ..                ...             ...                  ...            ...   \n",
       " 500           0.13640        0.077210             0.061420         0.1668   \n",
       " 338           0.07326        0.025110             0.017750         0.1890   \n",
       " 427           0.05743        0.036140             0.014040         0.2016   \n",
       " 406           0.08501        0.055000             0.045280         0.1735   \n",
       " 96            0.07057        0.024900             0.029410         0.1900   \n",
       " 490           0.05200        0.017140             0.012610         0.1544   \n",
       " 384           0.08575        0.050770             0.028640         0.1617   \n",
       " 281           0.04340        0.022450             0.027630         0.2101   \n",
       " 325           0.07664        0.031930             0.021070         0.1707   \n",
       " 190           0.24130        0.198100             0.066180         0.2384   \n",
       " 380           0.11110        0.079000             0.055500         0.2018   \n",
       " 366           0.16690        0.164100             0.126500         0.1875   \n",
       " 469           0.14830        0.102000             0.055640         0.1957   \n",
       " 225           0.07624        0.057240             0.046030         0.2075   \n",
       " 271           0.07608        0.032650             0.027550         0.1769   \n",
       " 547           0.08066        0.043580             0.024380         0.1669   \n",
       " 550           0.04227        0.000000             0.000000         0.1661   \n",
       " 492           0.12890        0.117000             0.077620         0.2116   \n",
       " 185           0.04695        0.001597             0.002404         0.1703   \n",
       " 306           0.05251        0.001461             0.003261         0.1632   \n",
       " 208           0.14830        0.087050             0.051020         0.1850   \n",
       " 242           0.13250        0.154800             0.028540         0.2054   \n",
       " 313           0.05969        0.013670             0.008907         0.1833   \n",
       " 542           0.07214        0.041050             0.030270         0.1840   \n",
       " 514           0.08597        0.074860             0.043350         0.1561   \n",
       " 236           0.16820        0.195000             0.123700         0.1909   \n",
       " 113           0.13030        0.064760             0.030680         0.1922   \n",
       " 527           0.06307        0.029580             0.026470         0.1689   \n",
       " 76            0.10470        0.068770             0.065560         0.2403   \n",
       " 162           0.16660        0.250800             0.128600         0.2027   \n",
       " \n",
       "      mean fractal dimension           ...             worst radius  \\\n",
       " 512                 0.07325           ...                   16.410   \n",
       " 457                 0.05584           ...                   14.350   \n",
       " 439                 0.05586           ...                   14.910   \n",
       " 298                 0.05586           ...                   16.220   \n",
       " 37                  0.05863           ...                   13.300   \n",
       " 515                 0.06211           ...                   12.470   \n",
       " 382                 0.06659           ...                   12.570   \n",
       " 310                 0.06128           ...                   12.610   \n",
       " 538                 0.07285           ...                    9.077   \n",
       " 345                 0.07005           ...                   10.880   \n",
       " 421                 0.07406           ...                   16.460   \n",
       " 90                  0.05866           ...                   16.110   \n",
       " 412                 0.06724           ...                    9.965   \n",
       " 157                 0.05268           ...                   18.220   \n",
       " 89                  0.06346           ...                   16.340   \n",
       " 172                 0.07069           ...                   18.790   \n",
       " 318                 0.08743           ...                   10.060   \n",
       " 233                 0.05592           ...                   24.470   \n",
       " 389                 0.05884           ...                   20.820   \n",
       " 250                 0.05898           ...                   25.580   \n",
       " 31                  0.07799           ...                   16.820   \n",
       " 283                 0.06684           ...                   18.550   \n",
       " 482                 0.06639           ...                   14.830   \n",
       " 211                 0.06057           ...                   13.300   \n",
       " 372                 0.06183           ...                   22.690   \n",
       " 401                 0.05541           ...                   13.800   \n",
       " 159                 0.05743           ...                   12.360   \n",
       " 14                  0.07682           ...                   15.030   \n",
       " 364                 0.05701           ...                   14.730   \n",
       " 337                 0.06083           ...                   24.540   \n",
       " ..                      ...           ...                      ...   \n",
       " 500                 0.06869           ...                   16.760   \n",
       " 338                 0.06331           ...                   11.160   \n",
       " 427                 0.05977           ...                   12.760   \n",
       " 406                 0.05875           ...                   17.710   \n",
       " 96                  0.06635           ...                   12.830   \n",
       " 490                 0.05976           ...                   14.170   \n",
       " 384                 0.05594           ...                   14.240   \n",
       " 281                 0.06113           ...                   13.310   \n",
       " 325                 0.05984           ...                   13.710   \n",
       " 190                 0.07542           ...                   15.740   \n",
       " 380                 0.06914           ...                   12.840   \n",
       " 366                 0.06020           ...                   24.190   \n",
       " 469                 0.07255           ...                   13.360   \n",
       " 225                 0.05448           ...                   16.770   \n",
       " 271                 0.06270           ...                   12.320   \n",
       " 547                 0.06714           ...                   10.830   \n",
       " 550                 0.05948           ...                   11.660   \n",
       " 492                 0.06077           ...                   21.530   \n",
       " 185                 0.06048           ...                   11.870   \n",
       " 306                 0.05894           ...                   14.410   \n",
       " 208                 0.07310           ...                   14.550   \n",
       " 242                 0.07669           ...                   12.580   \n",
       " 313                 0.06100           ...                   12.340   \n",
       " 542                 0.05680           ...                   16.510   \n",
       " 514                 0.05915           ...                   17.580   \n",
       " 236                 0.06309           ...                   31.010   \n",
       " 113                 0.07782           ...                   11.160   \n",
       " 527                 0.05808           ...                   13.610   \n",
       " 76                  0.06641           ...                   14.080   \n",
       " 162                 0.06082           ...                   26.730   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst texture  worst perimeter  worst area  worst smoothness  \\\n",
       " 512          29.66           113.30       844.4           0.15740   \n",
       " 457          34.23            91.29       632.9           0.12890   \n",
       " 439          19.31            96.53       688.9           0.10340   \n",
       " 298          25.26           105.80       819.7           0.09445   \n",
       " 37           22.81            84.46       545.9           0.09701   \n",
       " 515          23.03            79.15       478.6           0.14830   \n",
       " 382          28.71            87.36       488.4           0.08799   \n",
       " 310          26.55            80.92       483.1           0.12230   \n",
       " 538          30.92            57.17       248.0           0.12560   \n",
       " 345          19.48            70.89       357.1           0.13600   \n",
       " 421          18.34           114.10       809.2           0.13120   \n",
       " 90           29.11           102.90       803.7           0.11150   \n",
       " 412          27.99            66.61       301.0           0.10860   \n",
       " 157          28.07           120.30      1032.0           0.08774   \n",
       " 89           18.24           109.40       803.6           0.12770   \n",
       " 172          17.04           125.00      1102.0           0.15310   \n",
       " 318          23.40            68.62       297.1           0.12210   \n",
       " 233          37.38           162.70      1872.0           0.12230   \n",
       " 389          30.44           142.00      1313.0           0.12510   \n",
       " 250          27.00           165.30      2010.0           0.12110   \n",
       " 31           28.12           119.40       888.7           0.16370   \n",
       " 283          25.09           126.90      1031.0           0.13650   \n",
       " 482          18.32            94.94       660.2           0.13930   \n",
       " 211          24.99            85.22       546.3           0.12800   \n",
       " 372          21.84           152.10      1535.0           0.11920   \n",
       " 401          20.14            87.64       589.5           0.13740   \n",
       " 159          18.20            78.07       470.0           0.11710   \n",
       " 14           32.01           108.80       697.7           0.16510   \n",
       " 364          21.70            93.76       663.5           0.12130   \n",
       " 337          34.37           161.10      1873.0           0.14980   \n",
       " ..             ...              ...         ...               ...   \n",
       " 500          20.43           109.70       856.9           0.11350   \n",
       " 338          26.84            71.98       384.0           0.14020   \n",
       " 427          32.04            83.69       489.5           0.13030   \n",
       " 406          19.58           115.90       947.9           0.12060   \n",
       " 96           20.92            82.14       495.2           0.11400   \n",
       " 490          31.99            92.74       622.9           0.12560   \n",
       " 384          17.37            96.59       623.7           0.11660   \n",
       " 281          18.26            84.70       533.7           0.10360   \n",
       " 325          21.10            88.70       574.4           0.13840   \n",
       " 190          37.18           106.40       762.4           0.15330   \n",
       " 380          20.53            84.93       476.1           0.16100   \n",
       " 366          33.81           160.00      1671.0           0.12780   \n",
       " 469          25.40            88.14       528.1           0.17800   \n",
       " 225          16.90           110.40       873.2           0.12970   \n",
       " 271          16.18            78.27       457.5           0.13580   \n",
       " 547          22.04            71.08       357.4           0.14610   \n",
       " 550          24.77            74.08       412.3           0.10010   \n",
       " 492          26.06           143.40      1426.0           0.13090   \n",
       " 185          21.18            75.39       437.0           0.15210   \n",
       " 306          20.45            92.00       636.9           0.11280   \n",
       " 208          29.16            99.48       639.3           0.13490   \n",
       " 242          27.96            87.16       472.9           0.13470   \n",
       " 313          12.87            81.23       467.8           0.10920   \n",
       " 542          32.29           107.40       826.4           0.10600   \n",
       " 514          28.06           113.80       967.0           0.12460   \n",
       " 236          34.51           206.00      2944.0           0.14810   \n",
       " 113          22.75            72.62       374.4           0.13000   \n",
       " 527          19.27            87.22       564.9           0.12920   \n",
       " 76           12.49            91.36       605.5           0.14510   \n",
       " 162          26.39           174.90      2232.0           0.14380   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst compactness  worst concavity  worst concave points  worst symmetry  \\\n",
       " 512            0.38560          0.51060               0.20510          0.3585   \n",
       " 457            0.10630          0.13900               0.06005          0.2444   \n",
       " 439            0.10170          0.06260               0.08216          0.2136   \n",
       " 298            0.21670          0.15650               0.07530          0.2636   \n",
       " 37             0.04619          0.04833               0.05013          0.1987   \n",
       " 515            0.15740          0.16240               0.08542          0.3060   \n",
       " 382            0.32140          0.29120               0.10920          0.2191   \n",
       " 310            0.10870          0.07915               0.05741          0.3487   \n",
       " 538            0.08340          0.00000               0.00000          0.3058   \n",
       " 345            0.16360          0.07162               0.04074          0.2434   \n",
       " 421            0.36350          0.32190               0.11080          0.2827   \n",
       " 90             0.17660          0.09189               0.06946          0.2522   \n",
       " 412            0.18870          0.18680               0.02564          0.2376   \n",
       " 157            0.17100          0.18820               0.08436          0.2527   \n",
       " 89             0.30890          0.26040               0.13970          0.3151   \n",
       " 172            0.35830          0.58300               0.18270          0.3216   \n",
       " 318            0.37480          0.46090               0.11450          0.3135   \n",
       " 233            0.27610          0.41460               0.15630          0.2437   \n",
       " 389            0.24140          0.38290               0.18250          0.2576   \n",
       " 250            0.31720          0.69910               0.21050          0.3126   \n",
       " 31             0.57750          0.69560               0.15460          0.4761   \n",
       " 283            0.47060          0.50260               0.17320          0.2770   \n",
       " 482            0.24990          0.18480               0.13350          0.3227   \n",
       " 211            0.18800          0.14710               0.06913          0.2535   \n",
       " 372            0.28400          0.40240               0.19660          0.2730   \n",
       " 401            0.15750          0.15140               0.06876          0.2460   \n",
       " 159            0.08294          0.01854               0.03953          0.2738   \n",
       " 14             0.77250          0.69430               0.22080          0.3596   \n",
       " 364            0.16760          0.13640               0.06987          0.2741   \n",
       " 337            0.48270          0.46340               0.20480          0.3679   \n",
       " ..                 ...              ...                   ...             ...   \n",
       " 500            0.21760          0.18560               0.10180          0.2177   \n",
       " 338            0.14020          0.10550               0.06499          0.2894   \n",
       " 427            0.16960          0.19270               0.07485          0.2965   \n",
       " 406            0.17220          0.23100               0.11290          0.2778   \n",
       " 96             0.09358          0.04980               0.05882          0.2227   \n",
       " 490            0.18040          0.12300               0.06335          0.3100   \n",
       " 384            0.26850          0.28660               0.09173          0.2736   \n",
       " 281            0.08500          0.06735               0.08290          0.3101   \n",
       " 325            0.12120          0.10200               0.05602          0.2688   \n",
       " 190            0.93270          0.84880               0.17720          0.5166   \n",
       " 380            0.24290          0.22470               0.13180          0.3343   \n",
       " 366            0.34160          0.37030               0.21520          0.3271   \n",
       " 469            0.28780          0.31860               0.14160          0.2660   \n",
       " 225            0.15250          0.16320               0.10870          0.3062   \n",
       " 271            0.15070          0.12750               0.08750          0.2733   \n",
       " 547            0.22460          0.17830               0.08333          0.2691   \n",
       " 550            0.07348          0.00000               0.00000          0.2458   \n",
       " 492            0.23270          0.25440               0.14890          0.3251   \n",
       " 185            0.10190          0.00692               0.01042          0.2933   \n",
       " 306            0.13460          0.01120               0.02500          0.2651   \n",
       " 208            0.44020          0.31620               0.11260          0.4128   \n",
       " 242            0.48480          0.74360               0.12180          0.3308   \n",
       " 313            0.16260          0.08324               0.04715          0.3390   \n",
       " 542            0.13760          0.16110               0.10950          0.2722   \n",
       " 514            0.21010          0.28660               0.11200          0.2282   \n",
       " 236            0.41260          0.58200               0.25930          0.3103   \n",
       " 113            0.20490          0.12950               0.06136          0.2383   \n",
       " 527            0.20740          0.17910               0.10700          0.3110   \n",
       " 76             0.13790          0.08539               0.07407          0.2710   \n",
       " 162            0.38460          0.68100               0.22470          0.3643   \n",
       " \n",
       "      worst fractal dimension  \n",
       " 512                  0.11090  \n",
       " 457                  0.06788  \n",
       " 439                  0.06710  \n",
       " 298                  0.07676  \n",
       " 37                   0.06169  \n",
       " 515                  0.06783  \n",
       " 382                  0.09349  \n",
       " 310                  0.06958  \n",
       " 538                  0.09938  \n",
       " 345                  0.08488  \n",
       " 421                  0.09208  \n",
       " 90                   0.07246  \n",
       " 412                  0.09206  \n",
       " 157                  0.05972  \n",
       " 89                   0.08473  \n",
       " 172                  0.10100  \n",
       " 318                  0.10550  \n",
       " 233                  0.08328  \n",
       " 389                  0.07602  \n",
       " 250                  0.07849  \n",
       " 31                   0.14020  \n",
       " 283                  0.10630  \n",
       " 482                  0.09326  \n",
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       " 159                  0.07685  \n",
       " 14                   0.14310  \n",
       " 364                  0.07582  \n",
       " 337                  0.09870  \n",
       " ..                       ...  \n",
       " 500                  0.08549  \n",
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       " 325                  0.06888  \n",
       " 190                  0.14460  \n",
       " 380                  0.09215  \n",
       " 366                  0.07632  \n",
       " 469                  0.09270  \n",
       " 225                  0.06072  \n",
       " 271                  0.08022  \n",
       " 547                  0.09479  \n",
       " 550                  0.06592  \n",
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       " 185                  0.07697  \n",
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       " 527                  0.07592  \n",
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       " 162                  0.09223  \n",
       " \n",
       " [143 rows x 30 columns],\n",
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       " 478    1.0\n",
       " 303    1.0\n",
       "       ... \n",
       " 459    1.0\n",
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       " 192    1.0\n",
       " 559    1.0\n",
       " Name: target, dtype: float64,\n",
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       " 157    1.0\n",
       " 89     1.0\n",
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       " 364    1.0\n",
       " 337    0.0\n",
       "       ... \n",
       " 500    1.0\n",
       " 338    1.0\n",
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       " 162    0.0\n",
       " Name: target, dtype: float64)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 106,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "\n",
    "def answer_four():\n",
    "    X, y = answer_three()\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=0)\n",
    "    return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 5\n",
    "Using KNeighborsClassifier, fit a k-nearest neighbors (knn) classifier with `X_train`, `y_train` and using one nearest neighbor (`n_neighbors = 1`).\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a * `sklearn.neighbors.classification.KNeighborsClassifier`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "KNeighborsClassifier(algorithm='auto', leaf_size=30, metric='minkowski',\n",
       "           metric_params=None, n_jobs=1, n_neighbors=1, p=2,\n",
       "           weights='uniform')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 107,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "def answer_five():\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "    knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = 1)\n",
    "    knn.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
    "    return knn"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 6\n",
    "Using your knn classifier, predict the class label using the mean value for each feature.\n",
    "\n",
    "Hint: You can use `cancerdf.mean()[:-1].values.reshape(1, -1)` which gets the mean value for each feature, ignores the target column, and reshapes the data from 1 dimension to 2 (necessary for the precict method of KNeighborsClassifier).\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a numpy array either `array([ 0.])` or `array([ 1.])`*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ 1.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 110,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_six():\n",
    "    cancerdf = answer_one()\n",
    "    means = cancerdf.mean()[:-1].values.reshape(1, -1)\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "    return knn.predict(means)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 7\n",
    "Using your knn classifier, predict the class labels for the test set `X_test`.\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a numpy array with shape `(143,)` and values either `0.0` or `1.0`.*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ 1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,\n",
       "        1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,\n",
       "        1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,\n",
       "        0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,\n",
       "        0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  0.,\n",
       "        1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,\n",
       "        1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,\n",
       "        0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,\n",
       "        0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,\n",
       "        1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,\n",
       "        0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 114,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_seven():\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "    return knn.predict(X_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Question 8\n",
    "Find the score (mean accuracy) of your knn classifier using `X_test` and `y_test`.\n",
    "\n",
    "*This function should return a float between 0 and 1*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.91608391608391604"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 115,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def answer_eight():\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "    return knn.score(X_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Optional plot\n",
    "\n",
    "Try using the plotting function below to visualize the differet predicition scores between training and test sets, as well as malignant and benign cells."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def accuracy_plot():\n",
    "    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "    %matplotlib notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = answer_four()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Find the training and testing accuracies by target value (i.e. malignant, benign)\n",
    "    mal_train_X = X_train[y_train==0]\n",
    "    mal_train_y = y_train[y_train==0]\n",
    "    ben_train_X = X_train[y_train==1]\n",
    "    ben_train_y = y_train[y_train==1]\n",
    "\n",
    "    mal_test_X = X_test[y_test==0]\n",
    "    mal_test_y = y_test[y_test==0]\n",
    "    ben_test_X = X_test[y_test==1]\n",
    "    ben_test_y = y_test[y_test==1]\n",
    "\n",
    "    knn = answer_five()\n",
    "\n",
    "    scores = [knn.score(mal_train_X, mal_train_y), knn.score(ben_train_X, ben_train_y), \n",
    "              knn.score(mal_test_X, mal_test_y), knn.score(ben_test_X, ben_test_y)]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "    plt.figure()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Plot the scores as a bar chart\n",
    "    bars = plt.bar(np.arange(4), scores, color=['#4c72b0','#4c72b0','#55a868','#55a868'])\n",
    "\n",
    "    # directly label the score onto the bars\n",
    "    for bar in bars:\n",
    "        height = bar.get_height()\n",
    "        plt.gca().text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2, height*.90, '{0:.{1}f}'.format(height, 2), \n",
    "                     ha='center', color='w', fontsize=11)\n",
    "\n",
    "    # remove all the ticks (both axes), and tick labels on the Y axis\n",
    "    plt.tick_params(top='off', bottom='off', left='off', right='off', labelleft='off', labelbottom='on')\n",
    "\n",
    "    # remove the frame of the chart\n",
    "    for spine in plt.gca().spines.values():\n",
    "        spine.set_visible(False)\n",
    "\n",
    "    plt.xticks([0,1,2,3], ['Malignant\\nTraining', 'Benign\\nTraining', 'Malignant\\nTest', 'Benign\\nTest'], alpha=0.8);\n",
    "    plt.title('Training and Test Accuracies for Malignant and Benign Cells', alpha=0.8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Uncomment the plotting function to see the visualization, \n",
    "# Comment out the plotting function when submitting your notebook for grading\n",
    "\n",
    "#accuracy_plot() "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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