Contents
- Full query in copy-pasteable format
- General notes
- Documentation and string sections for each target
- Contributions
- Footnotes
Results of the full search in its current state can be viewed on Web of Science by clicking here (no filters; publication date = last 5 years): https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/9ab7d22a-f9b8-4390-98a5-51a81cd119aa-b778550d/relevance/1
This document contains search strings for finding publications related to the actions in the SDG 11 targets and indicators ("action approach"; focus on precision, smaller result set). We also have a version which finds publications related to the topics in the SDG 11 targets and indicators ("topic approach"; focus on recall, larger result set), provided in the same repository as this file. For more explanation, see the Readme in this repository.
Targets and Indicators were found from the UN Statistics Division (Statistics Division, 2021). This list includes "the global indicator framework as contained in A/RES/71/313, the refinements agreed by the Statistical Commission at its 49th session in March 2018 (E/CN.3/2018/2, Annex II) and 50th session in March 2019 (E/CN.3/2019/2, Annex II), changes from the 2020 Comprehensive Review (E/CN.3/2020/2, Annex II) and refinements (E/CN.3/2020/2, Annex III) from the 51st session in March 2020, and refinements from the 52nd session in March 2021 (E/CN.3/2021/2, Annex)". (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/)
Our classification of countries as least developed countries (LDCs), small island developing states (SIDS) and landlocked developing states (LDS) is taken from the Statistical Annex of United Nations World Economic Situation and Prospects (tables F, H and I) (United Nations, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Additional terms for these countries, generic terms for country groups, and terms for low and middle income countries (LMICs) were gathered from the LMIC 2020 filter from the Norwegian Satellite of Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC), developed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Heath (https://epoc.cochrane.org/lmic-filters).
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
This target interpreted to cover research on
-
Improving access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services
-
Upgrading slums.
Search terms are partly based on definitions of basic services, housing standards and slums found in SDG indicator metadata repository for indicators 11.1.1 and 1.4.1 (UN Statistics Division, 2022).
This query consists of 3 phrases.
This phrase covers research about improving access, affordability, safety etc. of housing. The basic structure is action + access + safe/affordable + housing.
"homes" is not included as a search term as it mostly adds noise from health research about care homes/nursing homes.
TS=
(
(
(
("increas*" OR "strengthen*" OR "improv*" OR "restor*" OR "enhanc*" OR "better" OR "higher"
OR "overcome" OR "ensure" OR "attain*" OR "achiev*"OR "upgrad*"
OR "scal* up" OR "expand" OR "expansion*" OR "advance" OR "advancing" OR "develop" OR "developing"
OR "decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "limit$" OR "limiting" OR "limited" OR "lowering" OR "lower$" OR "lowered" OR "fight*" OR "combat*" OR "declin*"
)
NEAR/5
("access" OR "obstacle" OR "barrier" OR "hinder*" OR "hindrance*" OR "equitab*" OR "non-equit*")
)
OR "legislat*" OR "govern*" OR "strateg*" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "framework$" OR "program*"
)
NEAR/15
(
("adequa*" OR "inadequa*" OR "affordab*" OR "afford" OR "low cost" OR "inexpensive"
OR "safe" OR "unsafe" OR "safety" OR "secure" OR "insecure" OR "security"
OR "tenure"
)
NEAR/5 ("housing" OR "settlements" OR "living conditions")
)
)Phrase 2 covers access to basic services. The basic structure is action + access + basic services + housing.
Basic services terms were gathered from documentation for indicator 1.4.1 in the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository (UN Statistics Division, 2022) and a presentation from UNESCAP/UN Habitat (Njiru, 2018).
"homes" is not included as a search term as it mostly adds noise from health research about care homes/nursing homes.
TS=
(
(
(
(
("increas*" OR "strengthen*" OR "improv*" OR "restor*" OR "enhanc*" OR "better" OR "higher"
OR "overcome" OR "ensure" OR "attain*" OR "achiev*"OR "upgrad*"
OR "scal* up" OR "expand" OR "expansion*" OR "advance" OR "advancing" OR "develop" OR "developing"
OR "decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "limit$" OR "limiting" OR "limited" OR "lowering" OR "lower$" OR "lowered" OR "fight*" OR "combat*" OR "declin*"
)
NEAR/5
("access" OR "obstacle" OR "barrier" OR "hinder*" OR "hindrance*" OR "equitab*" OR "non-equit*")
)
OR "legislat*" OR "govern*" OR "strateg*" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "framework$" OR "program*"
)
NEAR/15
(
("basic" NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities"))
OR
(
("drinking water" OR "sanitation" OR "hygiene" OR "toilet" OR "handwashing" OR "hand-washing" OR "sewage" OR "WASH")
NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "basic" OR "safe")
)
OR "improved drinking water" OR "improved source$ of drinking water" OR "clean drinking water" OR "clean water"
OR (("waste" OR "garbage" OR "rubbish") NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities"))
OR (("health" OR "medical") NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "basic" OR "essential" OR "primary" OR "care"))
OR "healthcare"
OR (("education*" OR "school*") NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "basic" OR "primary"))
OR
(
("basic information" OR "telecommunication" OR "basic communication" OR "ICT")
NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "facility" OR "facilities" OR "infrastructure")
)
OR "electricity service$" OR "energy service$" OR "modern energy" OR "clean fuel$" OR "clean energy"
OR "public open space$" OR "public space$"
OR "basic mobility" OR "urban mobility" OR "rural mobility" OR "all-season road$"
OR ("transport*" NEAR/2 ("service$" OR "infrastructure" OR "system$" OR "public"))
)
)
NEAR/15 ("housing" OR "settlements" OR "living conditions")
)This phrase covers research about upgrading slums. The basic structure is action + slums.
TS=
(
("strengthen*" OR "improv*" OR "enhanc*" OR "better" OR "upgrad*" OR "scal* up"
OR "expand*" OR "expansion*" OR "advance" OR "advancing" OR "develop" OR "developing"
OR "legislat*" OR "govern*" OR "strateg*" OR "policy*" OR "policies" OR "framework$" OR "program*"
)
NEAR/15
("slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*")
) 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
11.2.1 Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
This target is interpreted to cover research about improving safe sustainable transport of humans in cities and improving road safety.
This query consists of 3 phrases.
The basic structure is improve + safe + transport systems + cities
Challenge: The term "transport system" is used in several subjects as biology, chemistry and transport of oil. This is solved by limiting the search with terms concerning land transport. It is also difficult to exclude freight transport. (We could focus on transport, not transport systems.)
TS=
(
(
(
("improv*" OR "moderni*" OR "reduc*" OR "increas*" OR "expand*"
OR "build*" OR "boost*" OR "raise*" OR "extend*" OR "develop*" OR "implement*" OR "establish*" OR "enhanc*"
)
NEAR/15
("safe*" OR "secure*" OR "risk*" OR "sustainab*"
OR "access*" OR "availab*" OR "reliab*"
OR "afford*" OR "low cost*" OR "expensive" OR "cost-effective*"
)
)
NEAR/15 ("transport* system*" OR "transport* infrastructure*" OR "public transport*" OR "transport* network*" OR "urban* mobilit*")
)
AND
("city" OR "cities" OR "urban*" OR "municipalit*" OR "town*" OR "neighbo$rhood*" OR "village*"
OR "infrastructure*" OR "public transport*"
OR "pedestrian*" OR "cycl*"
OR "road*" OR "railway*" OR "traffic*" OR "bus*" OR "taxi*"
OR "ferry" OR "ferries" OR "vehicl*" OR "train$" OR "underground*" OR "tube*" OR "metro*"
OR "airport*"
OR "travel*" OR "journey*"
)
)This phrase covers research about improving road safety. The basic structure is action + safety + road.
TS=
(
(
(
("provide*" OR "improv*" OR "increase*" OR "enhanc*" OR "reduc*" OR "develop*")
NEAR/5 ("safe*" OR "secure*" OR "hazardous*" OR "dangerous*" OR "unsafe*" OR "risk*" OR "accident*")
)
NEAR/5
("traffic*" OR "road*" OR "highway$" OR "motorway$" OR "street*"
OR "cycling lanes" OR "cyclist$"
OR "walkway*" OR "walking path*" OR "sidewalk*" OR "pavement*" OR "pedestrian$"
OR "intersection$" OR "roundabout$" OR "cars" OR "car safety" OR "motorcycle$" OR "automobile$" OR "vehicle$"
OR "driver$" OR "driving"
OR "speed limit*"
)
)
NOT ("air traffic*" OR "food*" OR "trauma*")
)This phrase finds research about expanding public transport. The basic structure is action + public transport.
TS=
(
("provide*" OR "improv*" OR "moderni*" OR "reduc*" OR "increas*" OR "expand*" OR "build*"
OR "boost*" OR "raise*" OR "escalat*"
OR "extend*" OR "develop*" OR "implement*" OR "establish*" OR "enhanc*"
)
NEAR/5 ("public transport*")
)11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
11.3.1 Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate
11.3.2 Proportion of cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically
This target is interpreted to cover research about making urbanization processes more inclusive and sustainable, and improving human settlement planning and management with regards to participation, integration and sustainability. There are two key aspects: urbanization, and settlement planning and management. Terms from indicators are not included in phrases, as they are very measurement specific and assumed to be included in results from the more general phrases.
This query consists of two phrases.
This phrase covers urbanization. The basic structure is action + sustainble/inclusive + urbanization.
TS=
(
(
("improv*" OR "enhanc*" OR "better" OR "ensur*" OR "advanc*" OR "legislat*" OR "govern*" OR "strateg*" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "framework$" OR "program*")
NEAR/15 ("sustainab*" OR "inclusiv*" OR "participatory" OR "participation")
)
NEAR/15 ("urbani?ation" OR "urban development" OR "urban planning" OR "human settlement planning")
)This phrase covers settlement planning. The basic structure is action + settlement planning + process terms.
TS=
(
(
("improv*" OR "enhanc*" OR "better" OR "ensur*" OR "advanc*" OR "integrated")
NEAR/15
(
("settlement*" OR "urban*" OR "city" OR "cities" OR "metropolitan" OR "regional" OR "local" OR "municipal*" OR "neighbourhood$" OR "neighborhood$")
NEAR/3 ("plan" OR "plans" OR "plann*" OR "manag*")
)
)
NEAR/15 ("democra*" OR "taking part" OR "sustainab*" OR "participatory" OR "participation" OR "stakeholder*")
)11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
11.4.1 Total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of government (national, regional, and local/municipal)
This target is interpreted to cover research on strengthening the protection of cultural and natural heritage. There are a few challenges in determining scope and detail level, as cultural and natural heritage consists of a myriad of categories (churches, castles, rock art…) and also individual objects and sites (Notre Dame, Great Barrier Reef…). The search strings are initially focusing on top level terms, partly based on UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2009). The indicator focuses on expenditure, but “strengthening efforts” also includes aspects like policy making, increasing knowledge and awareness, etc. The term "natural habitat" is used by UNESCO when describing natural heritage, but this term is excluded from the search strings as it mainly produces irrelevant results in this context.
This query consists of 1 phrase. The basic structure is action + management/protection + cultural heritage.
TS=
(
(
("improv*" OR "enhanc*" OR "better" OR "ensur*" OR "advanc*" OR "increas*")
NEAR/5
("manag*" OR "maintain*" OR "conservation" OR "conserving" OR "conserve" OR "conserved" OR "conserves"
OR "preserv*" OR "sustain" OR "protect*" OR "safeguard*"
)
)
NEAR/15
("cultur* heritage" OR "cultural landscape$"
OR "heritage object$" OR "heritage building$" OR "heritage site$"
OR "museum$" OR "archaeological place$" OR "archaeological site$" OR "historical place$" OR "historical building$" OR "historical monument$" OR "historical artefact$"
OR "natural heritage" OR "nature formation$" OR "geopark$" OR "nature park$" OR "nature reserv*"
OR "zoo$" OR "zoological garden$" OR "botanical garden$" OR "aquarium$" OR "aquaria"
)
)11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
11.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
11.5.2 Direct economic loss in relation to global GDP, damage to critical infrastructure and number of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters
This target is interpreted to cover research on reducing deaths, missing and affected people caused by disasters and the impact of disasters on GDP/GGDP losses. We include man-made or natural/ecological disasters, which includes water-related disasters such as drought and floods.
Terms were gathered from the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository (UN Statistics Division, 2022), the Sendai Framework as presented on prevetionweb (UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, n.d.) and the SDG 11 Synthesis Report from the 2018 High Level Political Forum (United Nations, 2018). Terms were also added from a standardised list of disasters we created to be used across SDG search strings, which was based on hazards listed in Murray et al., (2021).
This query consists of 3 phrases.
This phrase covers research about reducing mortality/increasing survival and disasters. The basic structure is disasters + mortality + action + human/settlement. Disaster terms to do with disease (pandemic$, epidemic$, outbreak$) were not included as the results were dominated by these, and these are really much more related to SDG3 (or animal health, in the case of outbreak). The human/settlement terms are generic terms for humans and settlements, plus terms from the lists of vulnerable peoples created for SDG 1 (see documentation there). Terms such as communit*are not included to try and avoid ecological works (e.g. plant communities and forest fires).
TS=
(
( "disaster$" OR "catastrophe$"
OR ("extreme$" NEAR/3 ("climat*" OR "weather" OR "precipitation" OR "rain" OR "snow" OR "temperature$" OR "storm$" OR "wind$"))
OR (("natural" OR "climat*") NEAR/5 "hazard$")
OR "rogue wave$" OR "tsunami$" OR "tropical cyclone$" OR "typhoon$" OR "hurricane$" OR "tornado*"
OR "drought$" OR "flood*"
OR "avalanche$" OR "landslide$" OR "land-slide$" OR "rockslide$" OR "rock-slide$" OR "rockfall$" OR "surface collapse$" OR "mudflow$" OR "mud-flow$"
OR "cold spells" OR "cold wave$" OR "dzud$" OR "blizzard$" OR "heatwave$" OR "heat-wave$"
OR "earthquake$" OR "volcanic activity" OR "volcanic emission$" OR "volcanic eruption$" OR "ash fall" OR "tephra fall"
OR "wildfire*" OR "wild-fire*" OR "forest fire*" OR "forestfire*"
OR ("sea level" NEAR/3 ("chang*" OR "rising" OR "rise$"))
OR
(
("anthropogenic"
OR "environmental" OR "deforestation" OR "desertification" OR "degradation" OR "pollution" OR "erosion"
OR "chemical" OR "heavy metal$" OR "pesticide$"
OR "biological" OR "zoonotic"
OR "technological" OR "radioactive" OR "nuclear" OR "cyber" OR "industrial" OR "construction" OR "transportation"
)
NEAR/3 ("hazard$")
)
OR "war" OR "wars" OR "armed conflict$"
OR (("volatil*" OR "unstable" OR "instability" OR "unrest") NEAR/5 ("political$" OR "civil"))
OR "financial crash*" OR "financial shock$" OR "financial disaster$"
OR "economic downturn$" OR "economic shock$" OR "economic disaster$"
)
AND
(
(
("casualt*" OR "death$" OR "fatal*"
OR (("affected" OR "injured" OR "traumati$ed" OR "displaced" OR "missing") NEAR/3 ("people" OR "person$" OR "civilian$" OR "women" OR "men" OR "child*"))
)
NEAR/15 ("prevent*" OR "reduc*" OR "decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "lowering" OR "lowered" OR "limit" OR "limiting" OR "combat*" OR "tackl*" OR "eliminat*" OR "avoid*" OR "interven*")
)
OR
(
(
("mortalit*" NEAR/15 ("prevent*" OR "reduc*" OR "decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "lowering" OR "lowered" OR "limit" OR "limiting" OR "combat*" OR "tackl*" OR "eliminat*" OR "avoid*" OR "interven*"))
OR ("mortality" NEAR/5 "improv*")
OR ("surviv*" NEAR/15 ("improv*" OR "increas*" or "enhanc*"))
)
AND
("people" OR "human$" OR "patient$" OR "victim$" OR "civilian$"
OR "city" OR "cities" OR "urban" OR "municipalit*" OR "town*" OR "village*" OR "populated area*" OR "neighbo$rhood*" OR "public*"
OR "poverty" OR "the poor" OR "the poorest" OR "rural poor" OR "urban poor" OR "working poor" OR "destitute" OR "living in poverty"
OR (("poor" OR "poorest" OR "low* income") NEAR/3 ("household$" OR "people" OR "children" OR "communit*"))
OR "the vulnerable" OR "vulnerable group$" OR "vulnerable communit*" OR "marginali?ed group$" OR "marginali$ed communit*" OR "disadvantaged group$" OR "disadvantaged communit*"
OR "slum" OR "slums" OR "shanty town$" OR "informal settlement*" OR "homeless"
OR (("person$" OR "people$" OR "adult$") NEAR/3 ("vulnerable" OR "marginali$ed" OR "disadvantaged" OR "discriminated" OR "displaced*" OR "patient$" OR "trans" OR "intersex" OR "older" OR "old" OR "elderly" OR "retired" OR "indigenous"))
OR "disabled" OR "disabilities" OR "disability"
OR "elderly" OR "elders" OR "pensioners" OR "vulnerable seniors"
OR "unemployed"
OR "women" OR "woman" OR "girls" OR "girl"
OR "pregnant" OR "pregnancy" OR "maternity" OR "child" OR "children" OR "infant$" OR "babies" OR "newborn$" OR "toddler$" OR "youth$"
OR "sexual minorit*" OR "LGBT*" OR "lesbian$" OR "gay" OR "bisexual" OR "transgender*"
OR "living with HIV" OR "living with AIDS"
OR "ethnic minorit*" OR "minority group$" OR "refugee$" OR "migrant$" OR "immigrant$" OR "asylum*"
OR "indigenous group$"
)
)
)
) NOT TS=("death$" NEAR/3 ("tree" OR "trees" OR "leaf" OR "cell"))This phrase covers research about disasters and GDP loss. The general structure is disasters + GDP + loss.
TS=
(
(
("disaster$" OR "catastrophe$"
OR ("extreme$" NEAR/3 ("climat*" OR "weather" OR "precipitation" OR "rain" OR "snow" OR "temperature$" OR "storm$" OR "wind$"))
OR (("natural" OR "climat*") NEAR/5 "hazard$")
OR "rogue wave$" OR "tsunami$" OR "tropical cyclone$" OR "typhoon$" OR "hurricane$" OR "tornado*"
OR "drought$" OR "flood*"
OR "avalanche$" OR "landslide$" OR "land-slide$" OR "rockslide$" OR "rock-slide$" OR "rockfall$" OR "surface collapse$" OR "mudflow$" OR "mud-flow$"
OR "cold spells" OR "cold wave$" OR "dzud$" OR "blizzard$" OR "heatwave$" OR "heat-wave$"
OR "earthquake$" OR "volcanic activity" OR "volcanic emission$" OR "volcanic eruption$" OR "ash fall" OR "tephra fall"
OR "wildfire*" OR "wild-fire*" OR "forest fire*" OR "forestfire*"
OR ("sea level" NEAR/3 ("chang*" OR "rising" OR "rise$"))
OR
(
("anthropogenic"
OR "environmental" OR "deforestation" OR "desertification" OR "degradation" OR "pollution" OR "erosion"
OR "chemical" OR "heavy metal$" OR "pesticide$"
OR "biological" OR "disease" OR "zoonotic"
OR "technological" OR "radioactive" OR "nuclear" OR "cyber" OR "industrial" OR "construction" OR "transportation"
)
NEAR/3 ("hazard$")
)
OR "war" OR "wars" OR "armed conflict$"
OR (("volatil*" OR "unstable" OR "instability" OR "unrest") NEAR/5 ("political$" OR "civil"))
OR "financial crash*" OR "financial shock$" OR "financial disaster$"
OR "economic downturn$" OR "economic shock$" OR "economic disaster$"
)
)
AND
(
("domestic product$" or "gdp$" or "ggdp$" or "ggp$" or "gross global produc$")
NEAR/15 ("loss" OR "losses" OR "decreas*")
)
)11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
11.6.1 Proportion of municipal solid waste collected and managed in controlled facilities out of total municipal waste generated, by cities
11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)
This target is interpreted to mean reducing the environmental impact of cities, including improving air quality and waste management.
This query consists of 4 phrases: 1 phrase "reducing the environmental impact of cities", 1 phrase for "air quality" and 2 phrases for "waste management".
This phrase covers research about reducing the general environmental impact of cities. The basic structure is action + environmental impact + cities.
TS=
(
(
("decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "restrict*" OR "limit$" OR "limiting" OR "mitigat*"
OR "degrad*" OR "tackl*" OR "alleviat*" OR "lowering" OR "lower$" OR "lowered" OR "fight*" OR "combat*"
OR "collect*" OR "manag*" OR "treat*"
)
NEAR/5 ("environment* impact*" OR "footprint$" OR "foot print$")
)
NEAR/15 ("city" OR "cities" OR "urban" OR "municipalit*" OR "human settlement*" OR "town*" OR "communit*" OR "village*" OR "populated area*" OR "public*")
)This phrase finds research about improving air quality in cities. The basic structure is action + air pollution + cities // action + clean air + cities.
TS=
(
(
("decreas*"OR "minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "restrict*" OR "limit$" OR "limiting" OR "mitigat*"
OR "degrad*" OR "tackl*" OR "alleviat*" OR "lowering" OR "lower$" OR "lowered" OR "fight*" OR "combat*"
OR "collect*" OR "manag*" OR "treat*"
)
NEAR/5 ("smog*" OR "air pollution" OR "suspended particles" OR "particulate matter" OR "pm2.5" OR "pm10")
)
NEAR/15 ("city" OR "cities" OR "urban" OR "municipalit*" OR "human settlement*" OR "town*" OR "communit*" OR "village*" OR "populated area*" OR "public*")
)
OR
TS=
(
(
("improv*" OR "enhanc*")
NEAR/5 ("clean air" OR "air quality")
)
NEAR/15 ("city" OR "cities" OR "urban" OR "municipalit*" OR "human settlement*" OR "town*" OR "communit*" OR "village*" OR "populated area*" OR "public*")
)The basic structure is action + waste.
This phrase finds research about reducing waste, while phrase 4 deals with waste collection/management and uses some different action terms, as waste management and waste are different concepts. These are related to other indicators (1.4.1, 6.3.1, 12.3.1.b, 12.5.1). Terms were gathered from the SDG indicator metadata repository for indicator 11.6.1 (UN Statistics Division, 2022).
TS=
(
(
("decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "restrict*" OR "limit$" OR "limiting" OR "limited"
OR "mitigat*" OR "degrad*" OR "tackl*" OR "lowering" OR "lower$" OR "lowered" OR "fight*" OR "combat*"
)
NEAR/15
("solid waste" OR "bulky waste" OR "household waste" OR "domestic waste" OR "commercial waste" OR "industrial waste"
OR "MSW"
OR ("waste" NEAR/15 ("end of life" OR "eol" OR "end of chain" OR "eoc"))
OR "garbage" OR "rubbish"
)
)
AND ("waste" OR "garbage" OR "rubbish")
)The basic structure is action + environmental impact + waste management.
This phrase finds research about improving waste collection/management, while phrase 3 is about waste reduction. These are related to other indicators (1.4.1, 6.3.1, 12.3.1.b, 12.5.1). Terms were gathered from the SDG indicator metadata repository for indicator 11.6.1 (UN Statistics Division, 2022).
Split query to search for waste management or waste collection as its own query? Combine phrase 2 and 3? Include specific waste management activities as recycling, incinerate etc?
TS=
(
(
("decreas*" OR "minimi*" OR "reduc*" OR "restrict*" OR "limit$" OR "limiting" OR "limited" OR "mitigat*" OR "degrad*" OR "tackl*"
OR "alleviat*" OR "lowering" OR "lower$" OR "lowered" OR "fight*" OR "combat*"
OR "improv*" OR "ameliorat*" OR "better*"
)
NEAR/5 ("environmental impact" OR "environmental assess*" OR "footprint*" OR "foot print*")
)
NEAR/15
(
("waste" OR "garbage" OR "rubbish")
NEAR/3
("manag*" OR "collect*"
OR "compost*" OR "recycle*" OR "reuse*" OR "biological degrad*"
OR "combust*" OR "heat*" OR "energ*" OR "deposit*"
)
)
)11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
11.7.1 Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
11.7.2 Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 months
This target is interpreted as to cover research on making green and public spaces universally available to all, by making the areas safer, inclusive and universally accessible. SDG11 focuses on urban and built-up areas, so natural parks and recreational areas in general are not included. Public space definitions partly based on UN Habitat Public Space" training module (UN-Habitat, 2018) Public commercial spaces are not included, as these are not included in the target indicators.
This query consists of 2 phrases.
This phrase is about increasing/improving safe/accessible spaces and access to spaces. The basic structure is action + safety/access + public spaces.
TS=
(
(
("increas*" OR "improv*" OR "expand*" OR "enlarg*" OR "enhanc*"
OR "provi*" OR "build*" OR "create" OR "creation" OR "creating"
OR "legislat*" OR "govern*" OR "strateg*" OR "polic*" OR "framework$" OR "program*"
)
NEAR/15 ("safe" OR "inclus*" OR "access*" OR "unrestrict*")
)
("green space$" OR "recreational area$" OR "public area$" OR "public space$" OR "public garden$"
OR "community garden$" OR "allotment garden$" OR "urban allotment$"
OR (("park$" OR "street$" OR "avenue$" OR "square$" OR "beach$" OR "waterfront" OR "riverbank$" ) NEAR/15 ("city" OR "cities" OR "metropolitan" OR "town$" OR "built-up area$" OR "urban*" OR "neighbourhood$" OR "neighborhood$"))
OR "boulevard$" OR "public playground$"
OR "public library" OR "public libraries" OR "civic center$" OR "civic centre$" OR "community centre$"OR "community center$" OR "public facilit*" OR "public market$"
))This phrase is about exclusion or justice and public spaces. The basic structure is exclusion/justice terms + public spaces.
TS=
(
("restrict*" OR "inaccess*" OR "equal access"
OR "inequalit*" OR "inequit*" OR "equitab*" OR "justice" OR "injustice"
OR "discriminat*" OR "exclu*" OR "harass*" OR "assault*" OR "unsafe"
)
NEAR/15
("green space$" OR "recreational area$" OR "public area$" OR "public space$" OR "public garden$"
OR "community garden$" OR "allotment garden$" OR "urban allotment$"
OR (("park$" OR "street$" OR "avenue$" OR "square$" OR "beach$" OR "waterfront" OR "riverbank$" ) NEAR/15 ("city" OR "cities" OR "metropolitan" OR "town$" OR "built-up area$" OR "urban*" OR "neighbourhood$" OR "neighborhood$"))
OR "boulevard$" OR "public playground$"
OR "public library" OR "public libraries" OR "civic center$" OR "civic centre$" OR "community centre$"OR "community center$" OR "public facilit*" OR "public market$"
)
)11.a Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
11.a.1 Number of countries that have national urban policies or regional development plans that (a) respond to population dynamics; (b) ensure balanced territorial development; and (c) increase local fiscal space
This target is interpreted as to cover research on better national and regional planning related to cities and rural development. Different approaches possible, but main focus is on planning and cooperation. Indicator is partly included in search string.
This query consists of 1 phrase. The basic structure is action + planning.
Limited truncation of planning to avoid e.g. "plants".
TS=
(
(
("strengthen*" OR "implement*" OR "expand*" OR "improv*" OR "ensur*" OR "capacity")
NEAR/15
(
("national" OR "regional")
NEAR/3 ("plan" OR "planning" OR "plans" OR "strateg*" OR "framework$" OR "program" OR "programs" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "cooperat*")
)
)
NEAR/15
("city" OR "cities" OR "urban*" OR "town$" OR "village$"
OR "built-up area$" OR "neighbourhood$" OR "neighborhood$" OR "settlement$"
OR "rural area$" OR "rural development"
)
)11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
11.b.1 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
11.b.2 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
This target is interpreted to cover research about the implementation of disaster/climate change planning and human settlements/cities. One could consider if it should strictly be interpreted as plans, or if research about vulnerability and preparedness should be included too. The target focuses on implementation of plans so we retain this at the moment.
This query consists of 1 phrase. The basic structure is action + disaster/climate plans + cities.
TS=
(
(
("establish*" OR "propos*" OR "implement*" OR "adopt*" OR "introduc*" OR "roadmap" OR "towards" OR "way to" OR "preparing" OR "prepare")
NEAR/5
("sendai framework" OR "disaster risk reduction"
OR "cancun adapation framework"
OR "readiness and preparatory support programme" OR "readiness programme"
OR
(
("plan" OR "plans" OR "planning" OR "strateg*" OR "program$" OR "programme$" OR "policy" OR "policies" OR "governance" OR "framework$")
NEAR/3 ("disaster$" OR "risk$" OR "climate change" OR "climatic change$" OR "global warming" OR "changing climate" OR "climate action" OR "climate mitigation")
)
)
)
NEAR/15
("city" OR "cities" OR "urban*" OR "metropolitan" OR "town$" OR "village$"
OR "built-up area$" OR "neighbourhood$" OR "neighborhood$" OR "settlement$"
OR "rural area$" OR "rural development"
)
)11.c Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
No suitable replacement indicator was proposed. The global statistical community is encouraged to work to develop an indicator that could be proposed for the 2025 comprehensive review. See E/CN.3/2020/2, paragraph 23.
This target is interpreted to cover research about assistance/support for a) LDCs (least developed countries) and local building materials or b) LDCs and sustainable or resilient construction. We interpret "local materials" to be local building materials, i.e. materials where the entire production process takes place within the region.
The basic structure is: action/support + local materials/sustainable buildings/resilient construction + LEDCs.
Terms were taken from the SDG 11 Synthesis Report from the 2018 High Level Political Forum (United Nations, 2018). "Construction" and "building" are widely used to describe other activities than construction materials, or the building industry, thus they had to be combined with other terms.
TS=
(
("sharing" OR "shared" OR "share" OR "transfer" OR "cooperat*" OR "collaborat*" OR "partnership$"
OR "invest*" OR "fund$" OR "funding" OR "finance" OR "financing"
OR "support*" OR "assist*"
)
AND
("local building material$" OR "local construction material$"
OR "sustainable architecture" OR "resilient architecture" OR "Sustainable Building and Construction Initiative" OR ("SBCI" NEAR/3 "UNEP")
OR
(
("buildings" OR "sustainable building" OR "masonry"
OR
(
("construction" OR "building")
NEAR/5 ("material$" OR "method$" OR "technique$" OR "industry" OR "industries" OR "company" OR "companies" OR "home$" OR "house$" OR "residential" OR "sector")
)
)
NEAR/15
("sustainab*" OR "green" OR "eco" OR "environmentally friendly" OR "resilien*"
OR ("local*" NEAR/3 "materials") OR "locally available" OR "native" OR "traditional"
)
)
)
AND
("least developed countr*" OR "least developed nation$"
OR "Angola*" OR "Benin" OR "beninese" OR "Burkina Faso" OR "Burkina fasso" OR "burkinese" OR "burkinabe" OR "Burundi*" OR "Central African Republic" OR "Chad" OR "Comoros" OR "comoro islands" OR "iles comores" OR "Congo" OR "congolese" OR "Djibouti*" OR "Eritrea*" OR "Ethiopia*" OR "Gambia*" OR "Guinea" OR "Guinea-Bissau" OR "guinean" OR "Lesotho" OR "lesothan*" OR "Liberia*" OR "Madagasca*" OR "Malawi*" OR "Mali" OR "malian" OR "Mauritania*" OR "Mozambique" OR "mozambican$" OR "Niger" OR "Rwanda*" OR "Sao Tome and Principe" OR "Senegal*" OR "Sierra Leone*" OR "Somalia*" OR "South Sudan" OR "Sudan" OR "sudanese" OR "Togo" OR "togolese" OR "tongan" OR "Uganda*" OR "Tanzania*" OR "Zambia*" OR "Cambodia*" OR "Kiribati*" OR "Lao People’s democratic republic" OR "Laos" OR "Myanmar" OR "myanma" OR "Solomon islands" OR "Timor Leste" OR "Tuvalu*" OR "Vanuatu*" OR "Afghanistan" OR "afghan$" OR "Bangladesh*" OR "Bhutan*" OR "Nepal*" OR "Yemen*" OR "Haiti*"
)
)-
v1.0.0: Håkon Magne Bjerkan, Inger Gåsemyr (Oct 2021-Oct 2022), Kari Hølland (Oct 2021-Mar 2022)
-
Internal review: Eli Heldaas Seland, Caroline S. Armitage (Mar 2022)
-
Testing v1.2.2: Project group; see documentation https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8386611
-
v2.0.0: Håkon Magne Bjerkan, Inger Gåsemyr (Aug-Oct 2023), minor review Caroline S. Armitage.
Specialist input: Awaiting
Murray, V. et al. (2021) Hazard Information Profiles: Supplement to UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review: Technical Report: Geneva, Switzerland, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; Paris, France, International Science Council. https://council.science/publications/hazard-information-profiles/. ↩
Njiru, E. (March 2018) Introducing indicator 1.4.1. UNESCAP, UN Habitat Global Urban Observatory. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Indicator%201.4.1_Basic%20Services.pdf (accessed Jun 2022). ↩
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics. UNESCO. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/unesco-framework-for-cultural-statistics-2009-en_0.pdf ↩
United Nations (2018). Tracking progress towards inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities and human settlements. High Level Political Forum 2018. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/sdg11-synthesis-report-2018-en.pdf
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UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (n.d.). Sendai Framework at a Glance. PreventionWeb. https://www.preventionweb.net/sendai-framework/sendai-framework-at-a-glance ↩
UN Statistics Division (2021). Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/71/313, E/CN.3/2018/2, E/CN.3/2019/2, E/CN.3/2020/2, E/CN.3/2021/2. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202021%20refinement_Eng.pdf [accessed 8 August 2021] ↩
UN Statistics Division (2022). SDG Indicators Metadata Repository. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata
UN-Habitat (2018). SDG Indicator 11.7.1 Training Module: Public Space. United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat). https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/07/indicator_11.7.1_training_module_public_space.pdf (accessed Sep 2023).↩