Collators maintain parachains by collecting parachain transactions from users and producing state transition proofs for Relay Chain validators. In other words, collators maintain parachains by aggregating parachain transactions into parachain block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.
While Acala’s network security and consensus (nPoS) are provided by Polkadot Relay chain's Validator set, the Collator set of Acala will keep the network alive by collecting parachain transactions for validators to verify them. Unlike validators, collators has nothing to do with security of the network, by being a parachain, the network is by default trustless and decentralized, and a parachain only needs one honest collator to be censorship-resistant. Read more on Collators here.
Acala's Collator node maintains a full-node service for the Polkadot Realy Chain, and a full-node service for the Acala network. Each service has its own http/ws RPC endpoints, P2P ports etc. The base path of the Polkadot full-node service is located inside of the base path of the Acala full-node service.
Acala takes a phased approach to roll out the Collator operation. Since Collators are non-security critical operation, a parachain only needs one honest Collator to be censorship-resistant, and more collators are not necessarily good e.g. it will slow down the network, the Collator roll-out plan is designed first-and-foremost to ensure network stability and operation.
Current Phase: Private Collator Set
Phase 0: Private Collator Set
The Genesis of the Acala network was launched on 18th December, 2021. Upon genesis, Acala's network security and the consensus is provided by Polkadot Relay Chain's nominated Proof-of-Stake (nPoS) validators. Just like Statemine (the common-good asset parachain on Polkadot), Acala's Collators initially will be run by the Acala Foundation, until the Collator software is stable and can be released to the wider community.
Phase 1: Authorized Collator Set (We are here)
Through governance approval, Acala will then open the Collator set to an authorized set of collators. While there are no block rewards nor additional incentives for these authorized collators, they are paid a reasonable rate for their node service provisioning by the Acala Foundation.
These collators are known reputable node service providers who have a proven track-record of service levels and demonstrated a deep commitment to the network. It is expected that there will be much chaos and software upgrades during this phase still, and these collators are required to work closely with the core dev team to ensure network stability.
It is expected that the Acala network will maintain such an authorized Collator Set until the network is fully stabilized, the collator staking module and the reward scheme are fully implemented and audited.
Phase 2: Public Collator Set
Through governance approval, Acala will then enable the permissionless election of Collators and enable collator rewards. Due to the fact that Collators are non-security critical, a parachain only needs a small set of Collators to ensure liveness and censorship-resistance, the reward scheme will reflect this accordingly.
You can express interest in becoming a collator/liveness provider for the Acala Network (and later Acala Network) by filling in this form.
You can subscribe to the Node Operator - Announcement channel on our Discord for updates and breaking changes.
Same as the Polkadot validator node requirement.
Refer to the Full Node Guide.
Acala Collator needs Aura session key. RPC author_rotateKeys or author_insertKey can be used to update session key.
- Acala is currently using the
collectorSelectionpallet from Statemint to handle collator registration. During the authorized Collator set phase, the required candidacy bond will be an unattainably high value to prevent public registration. - Authorized providers will need to submit the public key of the Aura session key for the collator.
--collatorfor the parachain part
--base-path=/acala/data
--chain=acala
--name=collator-1
--collator
--execution=wasm
--
--chain=polkadot