diff --git a/.github/actions/test/action.yml b/.github/actions/test/action.yml
index 8759e441..708f975d 100644
--- a/.github/actions/test/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/test/action.yml
@@ -63,15 +63,32 @@ runs:
     - name: Install Python dependencies
       run: |
         python3 -V
+
+        # inspect pip cache
         python3 -m pip freeze | sort
         python3 -m pip cache info || true
         python3 -m pip cache list || true
-        python3 -m pip install --upgrade --force pip wheel
-        python3 -m pip install --force -r python/requirements.txt
+
+        # remove cached built whl files
+        rm -rf "$(python3 -m pip cache info | grep "Locally built wheels location: " | cut -d ":" -f 2- | cut -d " " -f 2-)"
+        python3 -m pip cache list || true
+
+        # install dependencies
+        python_minor_version="$(python3 -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")')"
+        python3 -m pip install --force -r python/requirements-$python_minor_version.txt
         python3 -m pip install --force -r python/test/requirements.txt -c python/test/constraints.txt
+
+        # inspect pip cache
         python3 -m pip freeze | sort
         python3 -m pip cache info || true
         python3 -m pip cache list || true
+
+        # assert no whl files have been built
+        if [ python3 -m pip cache info ] && [ "$(python3 -m pip cache info | grep "Number of locally built wheels:")" != "Number of locally built wheels: 0" ]
+        then
+          echo "Dependency whl files have been built"
+          exit 1
+        fi
       shell: bash
   
     - name: Update expectation files
diff --git a/.github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh b/.github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh
index bfcfddf4..e9c2f0d2 100755
--- a/.github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh
+++ b/.github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 set -euo pipefail
 
 base="$(dirname "$0")"
+python_minor_version="$(python3 -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")')"
 
-pip install --upgrade --force pip==22.0.0
-pip install --upgrade --upgrade-strategy eager -r "$base/../python/requirements-direct.txt"
+pip install --upgrade --force pip==24.0.0
+pip install --upgrade --upgrade-strategy eager -r "$base/../python/requirements.txt"
 
 pip install pipdeptree
-pipdeptree --packages="$(sed -e "s/;.*//" -e "s/=.*//g" "$base/../python/requirements-direct.txt" | paste -s -d ,)" --freeze > "$base/../python/requirements.txt"
+pipdeptree --packages="$(sed -e "s/;.*//" -e "s/=.*//g" "$base/../python/requirements.txt" | paste -s -d ,)" --freeze > "$base/../python/requirements-$python_minor_version.txt"
 
-git diff "$base/../python/requirements.txt"
+git diff "$base/../python/requirements-$python_minor_version.txt"
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-cd.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-cd.yml
index ff8f0e6c..3e4bcad5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-cd.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-cd.yml
@@ -20,14 +20,17 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Check requirements.txt against requirements-direct.txt
+      - name: Check requirements.txt
         run: |
-          (diff -w python/requirements-direct.txt python/requirements.txt || true) | (! grep -e "^<")
+          (diff -w <(grep -v "python_version >  '3.7'" python/requirements.txt | sed -e "s/;.*//") python/requirements-3.7.txt || true) | (! grep -e "^<")
+          (diff -w <(grep -v "python_version <= '3.7'" python/requirements.txt | sed -e "s/;.*//") python/requirements-post-3.7.txt || true) | (! grep -e "^<")
         shell: bash
       - name: Check for dependency updates
         continue-on-error: true
-        run:
-          .github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh
+        run: |
+          pip install tox
+          tox
+          git diff --exit-code
         shell: bash
 
   test-mac:
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 455b6ede..dc544bda 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LABEL com.github.actions.color="green"
 
 RUN apk add --no-cache --upgrade expat libuuid
 
-COPY python/requirements.txt /action/
+COPY python/requirements-post-3.7.txt /action/requirements.txt
 RUN apk add --no-cache build-base libffi-dev; \
     pip install --upgrade --force --no-cache-dir pip && \
     pip install --upgrade --force --no-cache-dir -r /action/requirements.txt; \
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 104b9589..8c9eb9ec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ Self-hosted runners may require setting up a Python environment first:
     python-version: 3.8
 ```
 
-Start-up of the action is faster with `virtualenv` or `venv`, as well as `wheel` packages are installed.
+Start-up of the action is faster with `virtualenv` or `venv` package installed.
 
 ## Running as a composite action
 
diff --git a/composite/action.yml b/composite/action.yml
index e16c0ad5..a9da1709 100644
--- a/composite/action.yml
+++ b/composite/action.yml
@@ -181,7 +181,15 @@ runs:
 
         echo "Python that creates venv: $PYTHON_BIN"
         echo "PYTHON_BIN=$PYTHON_BIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        echo "version=$("$PYTHON_BIN" -V)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+        PYTHON_VERSION="$($PYTHON_BIN -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")')"
+        if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.7" ]]
+        then
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        else
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=post-3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        fi
+        echo "version=$PYTHON_VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
@@ -210,7 +218,7 @@ runs:
       continue-on-error: true
       with:
         path: ${{ steps.os.outputs.pip-cache }}
-        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-70a313922fdbeb7398ec60313d908b11
+        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-e594996205319a7990b3a4ec677d10a3
 
     - name: Create virtualenv
       id: venv
@@ -262,11 +270,7 @@ runs:
       run: |
         # Install Python dependencies
         echo '::group::Install Python dependencies'
-
-        # make sure wheel is installed, which improves installing our dependencies
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install wheel
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../python/requirements.txt"
-
+        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../python/requirements-$DEPENDENCIES_VERSION.txt"
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
 
diff --git a/linux/action.yml b/linux/action.yml
index b57869a5..b0e5844c 100644
--- a/linux/action.yml
+++ b/linux/action.yml
@@ -175,7 +175,15 @@ runs:
 
         echo "Python that creates venv: $PYTHON_BIN"
         echo "PYTHON_BIN=$PYTHON_BIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        echo "version=$("$PYTHON_BIN" -V)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+        PYTHON_VERSION="$($PYTHON_BIN -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")')"
+        if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.7" ]]
+        then
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        else
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=post-3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        fi
+        echo "version=$PYTHON_VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ runs:
       continue-on-error: true
       with:
         path: '~/.cache/pip'
-        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-70a313922fdbeb7398ec60313d908b11
+        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-e594996205319a7990b3a4ec677d10a3
 
     - name: Create virtualenv
       id: venv
@@ -227,11 +235,7 @@ runs:
       run: |
         # Install Python dependencies
         echo '::group::Install Python dependencies'
-
-        # make sure wheel is installed, which improves installing our dependencies
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install wheel
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../python/requirements.txt"
-
+        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../python/requirements-$DEPENDENCIES_VERSION.txt"
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
 
diff --git a/macos/action.yml b/macos/action.yml
index 439d7891..21cf5260 100644
--- a/macos/action.yml
+++ b/macos/action.yml
@@ -175,7 +175,15 @@ runs:
 
         echo "Python that creates venv: $PYTHON_BIN"
         echo "PYTHON_BIN=$PYTHON_BIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        echo "version=$("$PYTHON_BIN" -V)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+        PYTHON_VERSION="$($PYTHON_BIN -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")')"
+        if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.7" ]]
+        then
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        else
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=post-3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        fi
+        echo "version=$PYTHON_VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ runs:
       continue-on-error: true
       with:
         path: '~/Library/Caches/pip'
-        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-70a313922fdbeb7398ec60313d908b11
+        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-e594996205319a7990b3a4ec677d10a3
 
     - name: Create virtualenv
       id: venv
@@ -227,11 +235,7 @@ runs:
       run: |
         # Install Python dependencies
         echo '::group::Install Python dependencies'
-
-        # make sure wheel is installed, which improves installing our dependencies
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install wheel
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../python/requirements.txt"
-
+        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../python/requirements-$DEPENDENCIES_VERSION.txt"
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
 
diff --git a/python/requirements-3.10.txt b/python/requirements-3.10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cee1e9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-3.10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+humanize==4.9.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.16.0
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.2.1
+  typing_extensions==4.10.0
+  urllib3==2.2.1
diff --git a/python/requirements-3.11.txt b/python/requirements-3.11.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cee1e9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-3.11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+humanize==4.9.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.16.0
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.2.1
+  typing_extensions==4.10.0
+  urllib3==2.2.1
diff --git a/python/requirements-3.12.txt b/python/requirements-3.12.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cee1e9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-3.12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+humanize==4.9.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.16.0
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.2.1
+  typing_extensions==4.10.0
+  urllib3==2.2.1
diff --git a/python/requirements-3.7.txt b/python/requirements-3.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e11b37c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-3.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+humanize==4.6.0
+  importlib-metadata==6.7.0
+    typing_extensions==4.7.1
+    zipp==3.15.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+    typing_extensions==4.7.1
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.15.1
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.0.7
+  typing_extensions==4.7.1
+  urllib3==2.0.7
diff --git a/python/requirements-3.8.txt b/python/requirements-3.8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cee1e9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-3.8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+humanize==4.9.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.16.0
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.2.1
+  typing_extensions==4.10.0
+  urllib3==2.2.1
diff --git a/python/requirements-3.9.txt b/python/requirements-3.9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cee1e9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-3.9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+humanize==4.9.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.16.0
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.2.1
+  typing_extensions==4.10.0
+  urllib3==2.2.1
diff --git a/python/requirements-direct.txt b/python/requirements-direct.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b7d77eb9..00000000
--- a/python/requirements-direct.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-humanize==3.14.0
-junitparser==3.1.0
-lxml==5.1.0
-psutil==5.9.7
-PyGithub==2.1.1
diff --git a/python/requirements-post-3.7.txt b/python/requirements-post-3.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cee1e9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/requirements-post-3.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+humanize==4.9.0
+junitparser==3.1.2
+lxml==5.1.0
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
+  Deprecated==1.2.14
+    wrapt==1.16.0
+  PyJWT==2.8.0
+  PyNaCl==1.5.0
+    cffi==1.16.0
+      pycparser==2.21
+  requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2024.2.2
+    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
+    idna==3.6
+    urllib3==2.2.1
+  typing_extensions==4.10.0
+  urllib3==2.2.1
diff --git a/python/requirements.txt b/python/requirements.txt
index b43209f1..da2e0001 100644
--- a/python/requirements.txt
+++ b/python/requirements.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,6 @@
-humanize==3.14.0
-junitparser==3.1.0
-  future==0.18.3
+humanize==4.6.0; python_version <= '3.7'
+humanize==4.9.0; python_version >  '3.7'
+junitparser==3.1.2
 lxml==5.1.0
-psutil==5.9.7
-PyGithub==2.1.1
-  Deprecated==1.2.14
-    wrapt==1.16.0
-  PyJWT==2.8.0
-  PyNaCl==1.5.0
-    # latest version that support Python 3.7
-    cffi==1.15.1
-      pycparser==2.21
-  python-dateutil==2.8.2
-    six==1.16.0
-  requests==2.31.0
-    certifi==2023.11.17
-    charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-    idna==3.6
-    # latest version that support Python 3.7
-    urllib3==2.0.7
-  # latest version that support Python 3.7
-  typing_extensions==4.7.1
-  # latest version that support Python 3.7
-  urllib3==2.0.7
+psutil==5.9.8
+PyGithub==2.2.0
diff --git a/python/test/constraints.txt b/python/test/constraints.txt
index f42c5f7c..e69de29b 100644
--- a/python/test/constraints.txt
+++ b/python/test/constraints.txt
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# test_github.py fails with newer version
-Werkzeug<2.1.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c92a58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[tox]
+envlist = py{37,38,39,310,311,312}
+
+[testenv]
+commands = .github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh
+allowlist_externals = .github/upgrade-pip-packages.sh
+
diff --git a/windows/action.yml b/windows/action.yml
index 6199931d..cc8f43a2 100644
--- a/windows/action.yml
+++ b/windows/action.yml
@@ -173,9 +173,15 @@ runs:
           Write-Output "Python that creates venv: $PYTHON_BIN"
           "PYTHON_BIN=$PYTHON_BIN" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
 
-          $VERSION = Invoke-Expression -Command "& '$PYTHON_BIN' -V"
-          Write-Output "Python version: $VERSION"
-          "version=$VERSION" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT -Append
+          $PYTHON_VERSION = Invoke-Expression -Command "& '$PYTHON_BIN' -c 'import sys; print(f""{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}"")'"
+          Write-Output "Python version: $PYTHON_VERSION"
+
+          if ( $PYTHON_VERSION -eq "3.7" ) {
+            "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=3.7" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          } else {
+            "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=post-3.7" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          }
+          "version=$PYTHON_VERSION" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT -Append
         } finally {
           Write-Output "::endgroup::"
         }
@@ -187,7 +193,7 @@ runs:
       continue-on-error: true
       with:
         path: '~\AppData\Local\pip\Cache'
-        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-70a313922fdbeb7398ec60313d908b11
+        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-e594996205319a7990b3a4ec677d10a3
 
     - name: Create virtualenv
       id: venv
@@ -229,9 +235,7 @@ runs:
         # Install Python dependencies
         Write-Output "::group::Install Python dependencies"
         try {
-          # make sure wheel is installed, which improves installing our dependencies
-          Invoke-Expression -Command "& '$env:PYTHON_VENV' -m pip install wheel"
-          Invoke-Expression -Command "& '$env:PYTHON_VENV' -m pip install -r '$env:GITHUB_ACTION_PATH\..\python\requirements.txt'"
+          Invoke-Expression -Command "& '$env:PYTHON_VENV' -m pip install -r '$env:GITHUB_ACTION_PATH\..\python\requirements-$env:DEPENDENCIES_VERSION.txt'"
         } finally {
           Write-Output "::endgroup::"
         }
diff --git a/windows/bash/action.yml b/windows/bash/action.yml
index 77925df4..e9a5974d 100644
--- a/windows/bash/action.yml
+++ b/windows/bash/action.yml
@@ -175,7 +175,15 @@ runs:
 
         echo "Python that creates venv: $PYTHON_BIN"
         echo "PYTHON_BIN=$PYTHON_BIN" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        echo "version=$("$PYTHON_BIN" -V)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+        PYTHON_VERSION="$($PYTHON_BIN -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")')"
+        if [[ "$PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.7" ]]
+        then
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        else
+          echo "DEPENDENCIES_VERSION=post-3.7" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        fi
+        echo "version=$PYTHON_VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ runs:
       continue-on-error: true
       with:
         path: '~\AppData\Local\pip\Cache'
-        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-70a313922fdbeb7398ec60313d908b11
+        key: enricomi-publish-action-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-pip-${{ steps.python.outputs.version }}-e594996205319a7990b3a4ec677d10a3
 
     - name: Create virtualenv
       id: venv
@@ -231,11 +239,7 @@ runs:
       run: |
         # Install Python dependencies
         echo '::group::Install Python dependencies'
-
-        # make sure wheel is installed, which improves installing our dependencies
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install wheel
-        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../../python/requirements.txt"
-
+        "$PYTHON_VENV" -m pip install -r "$GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/../../python/requirements-$DEPENDENCIES_VERSION.txt"
         echo '::endgroup::'
       shell: bash