SpaceX_Machine_Learning_Prediction_Part_5.jupyterlite (1).ipynb

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      "file_extension": ".py",
      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
      "name": "python",
      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
      "version": "3.8"
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    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python",
      "display_name": "Pyolite",
      "language": "python"
    }
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  "nbformat_minor": 4,
  "nbformat": 4,
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "<p style=\"text-align:center\">\n    <a href=\"https://skills.network/?utm_medium=Exinfluencer&utm_source=Exinfluencer&utm_content=000026UJ&utm_term=10006555&utm_id=NA-SkillsNetwork-Channel-SkillsNetworkCoursesIBMDS0321ENSkillsNetwork26802033-2022-01-01\" target=\"_blank\">\n    <img src=\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/assets/logos/SN_web_lightmode.png\" width=\"200\" alt=\"Skills Network Logo\"  />\n    </a>\n</p>\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "# **Space X  Falcon 9 First Stage Landing Prediction**\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## Assignment:  Machine Learning Prediction\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Estimated time needed: **60** minutes\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Space X advertises Falcon 9 rocket launches on its website with a cost of 62 million dollars; other providers cost upward of 165 million dollars each, much of the savings is because Space X can reuse the first stage. Therefore if we can determine if the first stage will land, we can determine the cost of a launch. This information can be used if an alternate company wants to bid against space X for a rocket launch.   In this lab, you will create a machine learning pipeline  to predict if the first stage will land given the data from the preceding labs.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "![](https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-DS0701EN-SkillsNetwork/api/Images/landing_1.gif)\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Several examples of an unsuccessful landing are shown here:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "![](https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-DS0701EN-SkillsNetwork/api/Images/crash.gif)\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Most unsuccessful landings are planed. Space X; performs a controlled landing in the oceans.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## Objectives\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Perform exploratory  Data Analysis and determine Training Labels\n\n*   create a column for the class\n*   Standardize the data\n*   Split into training data and test data\n\n\\-Find best Hyperparameter for SVM, Classification Trees and Logistic Regression\n\n*   Find the method performs best using test data\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## Import Libraries and Define Auxiliary Functions\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "import piplite\nawait piplite.install(['numpy'])\nawait piplite.install(['pandas'])\nawait piplite.install(['seaborn'])",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 1,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "We will import the following libraries for the lab\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "# Pandas is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis.\nimport pandas as pd\n# NumPy is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays\nimport numpy as np\n# Matplotlib is a plotting library for python and pyplot gives us a MatLab like plotting framework. We will use this in our plotter function to plot data.\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n#Seaborn is a Python data visualization library based on matplotlib. It provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics\nimport seaborn as sns\n# Preprocessing allows us to standarsize our data\nfrom sklearn import preprocessing\n# Allows us to split our data into training and testing data\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n# Allows us to test parameters of classification algorithms and find the best one\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\n# Logistic Regression classification algorithm\nfrom sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n# Support Vector Machine classification algorithm\nfrom sklearn.svm import SVC\n# Decision Tree classification algorithm\nfrom sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\n# K Nearest Neighbors classification algorithm\nfrom sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 2,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "This function is to plot the confusion matrix.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "def plot_confusion_matrix(y,y_predict):\n    \"this function plots the confusion matrix\"\n    from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix\n\n    cm = confusion_matrix(y, y_predict)\n    ax= plt.subplot()\n    sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, ax = ax); #annot=True to annotate cells\n    ax.set_xlabel('Predicted labels')\n    ax.set_ylabel('True labels')\n    ax.set_title('Confusion Matrix'); \n    ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels(['did not land', 'land']); ax.yaxis.set_ticklabels(['did not land', 'landed'])",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 3,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## Load the dataframe\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Load the data\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from js import fetch\nimport io\n\nURL1 = \"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM-DS0321EN-SkillsNetwork/datasets/dataset_part_2.csv\"\nresp1 = await fetch(URL1)\ntext1 = io.BytesIO((await resp1.arrayBuffer()).to_py())\ndata = pd.read_csv(text1)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 4,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "data.head()",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 5,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "execution_count": 5,
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": "   FlightNumber        Date BoosterVersion  PayloadMass Orbit    LaunchSite  \\\n0             1  2010-06-04       Falcon 9  6104.959412   LEO  CCAFS SLC 40   \n1             2  2012-05-22       Falcon 9   525.000000   LEO  CCAFS SLC 40   \n2             3  2013-03-01       Falcon 9   677.000000   ISS  CCAFS SLC 40   \n3             4  2013-09-29       Falcon 9   500.000000    PO   VAFB SLC 4E   \n4             5  2013-12-03       Falcon 9  3170.000000   GTO  CCAFS SLC 40   \n\n       Outcome  Flights  GridFins  Reused   Legs LandingPad  Block  \\\n0    None None        1     False   False  False        NaN    1.0   \n1    None None        1     False   False  False        NaN    1.0   \n2    None None        1     False   False  False        NaN    1.0   \n3  False Ocean        1     False   False  False        NaN    1.0   \n4    None None        1     False   False  False        NaN    1.0   \n\n   ReusedCount Serial   Longitude   Latitude  Class  \n0            0  B0003  -80.577366  28.561857      0  \n1            0  B0005  -80.577366  28.561857      0  \n2            0  B0007  -80.577366  28.561857      0  \n3            0  B1003 -120.610829  34.632093      0  \n4            0  B1004  -80.577366  28.561857      0  ",
            "text/html": "<div>\n<style scoped>\n    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n        vertical-align: top;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe thead th {\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n</style>\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n      <th></th>\n      <th>FlightNumber</th>\n      <th>Date</th>\n      <th>BoosterVersion</th>\n      <th>PayloadMass</th>\n      <th>Orbit</th>\n      <th>LaunchSite</th>\n      <th>Outcome</th>\n      <th>Flights</th>\n      <th>GridFins</th>\n      <th>Reused</th>\n      <th>Legs</th>\n      <th>LandingPad</th>\n      <th>Block</th>\n      <th>ReusedCount</th>\n      <th>Serial</th>\n      <th>Longitude</th>\n      <th>Latitude</th>\n      <th>Class</th>\n    </tr>\n  </thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <th>0</th>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>2010-06-04</td>\n      <td>Falcon 9</td>\n      <td>6104.959412</td>\n      <td>LEO</td>\n      <td>CCAFS SLC 40</td>\n      <td>None None</td>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n      <td>B0003</td>\n      <td>-80.577366</td>\n      <td>28.561857</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1</th>\n      <td>2</td>\n      <td>2012-05-22</td>\n      <td>Falcon 9</td>\n      <td>525.000000</td>\n      <td>LEO</td>\n      <td>CCAFS SLC 40</td>\n      <td>None None</td>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n      <td>B0005</td>\n      <td>-80.577366</td>\n      <td>28.561857</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>2</th>\n      <td>3</td>\n      <td>2013-03-01</td>\n      <td>Falcon 9</td>\n      <td>677.000000</td>\n      <td>ISS</td>\n      <td>CCAFS SLC 40</td>\n      <td>None None</td>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n      <td>B0007</td>\n      <td>-80.577366</td>\n      <td>28.561857</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>3</th>\n      <td>4</td>\n      <td>2013-09-29</td>\n      <td>Falcon 9</td>\n      <td>500.000000</td>\n      <td>PO</td>\n      <td>VAFB SLC 4E</td>\n      <td>False Ocean</td>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n      <td>B1003</td>\n      <td>-120.610829</td>\n      <td>34.632093</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>4</th>\n      <td>5</td>\n      <td>2013-12-03</td>\n      <td>Falcon 9</td>\n      <td>3170.000000</td>\n      <td>GTO</td>\n      <td>CCAFS SLC 40</td>\n      <td>None None</td>\n      <td>1</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>False</td>\n      <td>NaN</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n      <td>B1004</td>\n      <td>-80.577366</td>\n      <td>28.561857</td>\n      <td>0</td>\n    </tr>\n  </tbody>\n</table>\n</div>"
          },
          "metadata": {}
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "URL2 = 'https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM-DS0321EN-SkillsNetwork/datasets/dataset_part_3.csv'\nresp2 = await fetch(URL2)\ntext2 = io.BytesIO((await resp2.arrayBuffer()).to_py())\nX = pd.read_csv(text2)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 6,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "X.head(100)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 7,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "execution_count": 7,
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": "    FlightNumber   PayloadMass  Flights  Block  ReusedCount  Orbit_ES-L1  \\\n0            1.0   6104.959412      1.0    1.0          0.0          0.0   \n1            2.0    525.000000      1.0    1.0          0.0          0.0   \n2            3.0    677.000000      1.0    1.0          0.0          0.0   \n3            4.0    500.000000      1.0    1.0          0.0          0.0   \n4            5.0   3170.000000      1.0    1.0          0.0          0.0   \n..           ...           ...      ...    ...          ...          ...   \n85          86.0  15400.000000      2.0    5.0          2.0          0.0   \n86          87.0  15400.000000      3.0    5.0          2.0          0.0   \n87          88.0  15400.000000      6.0    5.0          5.0          0.0   \n88          89.0  15400.000000      3.0    5.0          2.0          0.0   \n89          90.0   3681.000000      1.0    5.0          0.0          0.0   \n\n    Orbit_GEO  Orbit_GTO  Orbit_HEO  Orbit_ISS  ...  Serial_B1058  \\\n0         0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n1         0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n2         0.0        0.0        0.0        1.0  ...           0.0   \n3         0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n4         0.0        1.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n..        ...        ...        ...        ...  ...           ...   \n85        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n86        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           1.0   \n87        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n88        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n89        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0  ...           0.0   \n\n    Serial_B1059  Serial_B1060  Serial_B1062  GridFins_False  GridFins_True  \\\n0            0.0           0.0           0.0             1.0            0.0   \n1            0.0           0.0           0.0             1.0            0.0   \n2            0.0           0.0           0.0             1.0            0.0   \n3            0.0           0.0           0.0             1.0            0.0   \n4            0.0           0.0           0.0             1.0            0.0   \n..           ...           ...           ...             ...            ...   \n85           0.0           1.0           0.0             0.0            1.0   \n86           0.0           0.0           0.0             0.0            1.0   \n87           0.0           0.0           0.0             0.0            1.0   \n88           0.0           1.0           0.0             0.0            1.0   \n89           0.0           0.0           1.0             0.0            1.0   \n\n    Reused_False  Reused_True  Legs_False  Legs_True  \n0            1.0          0.0         1.0        0.0  \n1            1.0          0.0         1.0        0.0  \n2            1.0          0.0         1.0        0.0  \n3            1.0          0.0         1.0        0.0  \n4            1.0          0.0         1.0        0.0  \n..           ...          ...         ...        ...  \n85           0.0          1.0         0.0        1.0  \n86           0.0          1.0         0.0        1.0  \n87           0.0          1.0         0.0        1.0  \n88           0.0          1.0         0.0        1.0  \n89           1.0          0.0         0.0        1.0  \n\n[90 rows x 83 columns]",
            "text/html": "<div>\n<style scoped>\n    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n        vertical-align: top;\n    }\n\n    .dataframe thead th {\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n</style>\n<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n      <th></th>\n      <th>FlightNumber</th>\n      <th>PayloadMass</th>\n      <th>Flights</th>\n      <th>Block</th>\n      <th>ReusedCount</th>\n      <th>Orbit_ES-L1</th>\n      <th>Orbit_GEO</th>\n      <th>Orbit_GTO</th>\n      <th>Orbit_HEO</th>\n      <th>Orbit_ISS</th>\n      <th>...</th>\n      <th>Serial_B1058</th>\n      <th>Serial_B1059</th>\n      <th>Serial_B1060</th>\n      <th>Serial_B1062</th>\n      <th>GridFins_False</th>\n      <th>GridFins_True</th>\n      <th>Reused_False</th>\n      <th>Reused_True</th>\n      <th>Legs_False</th>\n      <th>Legs_True</th>\n    </tr>\n  </thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <th>0</th>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>6104.959412</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>1</th>\n      <td>2.0</td>\n      <td>525.000000</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>2</th>\n      <td>3.0</td>\n      <td>677.000000</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>3</th>\n      <td>4.0</td>\n      <td>500.000000</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>4</th>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>3170.000000</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>...</th>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>85</th>\n      <td>86.0</td>\n      <td>15400.000000</td>\n      <td>2.0</td>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>2.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>86</th>\n      <td>87.0</td>\n      <td>15400.000000</td>\n      <td>3.0</td>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>2.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>87</th>\n      <td>88.0</td>\n      <td>15400.000000</td>\n      <td>6.0</td>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>88</th>\n      <td>89.0</td>\n      <td>15400.000000</td>\n      <td>3.0</td>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>2.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th>89</th>\n      <td>90.0</td>\n      <td>3681.000000</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>5.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>...</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>0.0</td>\n      <td>1.0</td>\n    </tr>\n  </tbody>\n</table>\n<p>90 rows × 83 columns</p>\n</div>"
          },
          "metadata": {}
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  1\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Create a NumPy array from the column <code>Class</code> in <code>data</code>, by applying the method <code>to_numpy()</code>  then\nassign it  to the variable <code>Y</code>,make sure the output is a  Pandas series (only one bracket df\\['name of  column']).\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "# Create a NumPy array from the column 'Class' and assign it to Y\nY = data['Class'].to_numpy()\n\n# Check the type of Y to ensure it's a Pandas Series\nprint(type(Y))\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 8,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  2\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Standardize the data in <code>X</code> then reassign it to the variable  <code>X</code> using the transform provided below.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn import preprocessing\n\n# Initialize the StandardScaler\ntransform = preprocessing.StandardScaler()\n\n# Standardize the data in X and reassign it to the variable X\nX = transform.fit_transform(X)\n\n# Check the shape of X to ensure the transformation was applied correctly\nprint(X.shape)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 10,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "(90, 83)\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "We split the data into training and testing data using the  function  <code>train_test_split</code>.   The training data is divided into validation data, a second set used for training  data; then the models are trained and hyperparameters are selected using the function <code>GridSearchCV</code>.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  3\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Use the function train_test_split to split the data X and Y into training and test data. Set the parameter test_size to  0.2 and random_state to 2. The training data and test data should be assigned to the following labels.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "<code>X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test</code>\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n\n# Split the data into training and testing sets\nX_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.2, random_state=2)\n\n# Check the shapes of the resulting datasets\nprint(\"Shape of X_train:\", X_train.shape)\nprint(\"Shape of X_test:\", X_test.shape)\nprint(\"Shape of Y_train:\", Y_train.shape)\nprint(\"Shape of Y_test:\", Y_test.shape)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 11,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Shape of X_train: (72, 83)\nShape of X_test: (18, 83)\nShape of Y_train: (72,)\nShape of Y_test: (18,)\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "we can see we only have 18 test samples.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "Y_test.shape",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 12,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "execution_count": 12,
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": "(18,)"
          },
          "metadata": {}
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  4\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Create a logistic regression object  then create a  GridSearchCV object  <code>logreg_cv</code> with cv = 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\n\n# Create a logistic regression object\nlr = LogisticRegression()\n\n# Define the parameters for the grid search\nparameters = {\n    'C': [0.01, 0.1, 1],\n    'penalty': ['l2'],\n    'solver': ['lbfgs']\n}\n\n# Create a GridSearchCV object with cross-validation of 10 folds\nlogreg_cv = GridSearchCV(lr, parameters, cv=10)\n\n# Fit the GridSearchCV object to find the best parameters\nlogreg_cv.fit(X_train, Y_train)\n\n# Print the best parameters found by GridSearchCV\nprint(\"Best Parameters:\", logreg_cv.best_params_)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 13,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Best Parameters: {'C': 0.01, 'penalty': 'l2', 'solver': 'lbfgs'}\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "parameters ={'C':[0.01,0.1,1],\n             'penalty':['l2'],\n             'solver':['lbfgs']}",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "parameters ={\"C\":[0.01,0.1,1],'penalty':['l2'], 'solver':['lbfgs']}# l1 lasso l2 ridge\nlr=LogisticRegression()\n",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "We output the <code>GridSearchCV</code> object for logistic regression. We display the best parameters using the data attribute <code>best_params\\_</code> and the accuracy on the validation data using the data attribute <code>best_score\\_</code>.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",logreg_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"accuracy :\",logreg_cv.best_score_)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 14,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters)  {'C': 0.01, 'penalty': 'l2', 'solver': 'lbfgs'}\naccuracy : 0.8464285714285713\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  5\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Calculate the accuracy on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "# Calculate the accuracy on the test data using the score method\naccuracy = logreg_cv.score(X_test, Y_test)\n\n# Print the accuracy\nprint(\"Accuracy on test data:\", accuracy)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 15,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Accuracy on test data: 0.8333333333333334\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Lets look at the confusion matrix:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "yhat=logreg_cv.predict(X_test)\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 16,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Examining the confusion matrix, we see that logistic regression can distinguish between the different classes.  We see that the major problem is false positives.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  6\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Create a support vector machine object then  create a  <code>GridSearchCV</code> object  <code>svm_cv</code> with cv - 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "parameters = {'kernel':('linear', 'rbf','poly','rbf', 'sigmoid'),\n              'C': np.logspace(-3, 3, 5),\n              'gamma':np.logspace(-3, 3, 5)}\nsvm = SVC()",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn.svm import SVC\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\nimport numpy as np\n\n# Create an SVM object\nsvm = SVC()\n\n# Define the parameters to tune\nparameters = {'kernel': ('linear', 'rbf', 'poly', 'sigmoid'),\n              'C': np.logspace(-3, 3, 5),\n              'gamma': np.logspace(-3, 3, 5)}\n\n# Create a GridSearchCV object\nsvm_cv = GridSearchCV(svm, parameters, cv=10)\n\n# Fit the GridSearchCV object to find the best parameters\nsvm_cv.fit(X_train, Y_train)\n\n# Print the best parameters and accuracy\nprint(\"Tuned hyperparameters (best parameters):\", svm_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"Accuracy:\", svm_cv.best_score_)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 17,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Tuned hyperparameters (best parameters): {'C': 1.0, 'gamma': 0.03162277660168379, 'kernel': 'sigmoid'}\nAccuracy: 0.8482142857142856\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",svm_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"accuracy :\",svm_cv.best_score_)",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  7\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Calculate the accuracy on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "# Calculate accuracy on the test data using the score method\naccuracy = svm_cv.score(X_test, Y_test)\nprint(\"Accuracy on the test data:\", accuracy)\n\n# Predict target values using the best SVM model\nyhat = svm_cv.predict(X_test)\n\n# Plot the confusion matrix\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test, yhat)\n\nfrom sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix\n\ndef plot_confusion_matrix(y, y_predict):\n    \"This function calculates and returns the confusion matrix\"\n    cm = confusion_matrix(y, y_predict)\n    return cm\n\n# Calculate the confusion matrix\nconf_matrix = plot_confusion_matrix(Y_test, yhat)\nprint(\"Confusion Matrix:\")\nprint(conf_matrix)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 24,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Accuracy on the test data: 0.8333333333333334\nConfusion Matrix:\n[[ 3  3]\n [ 0 12]]\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "We can plot the confusion matrix\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "yhat=svm_cv.predict(X_test)\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  8\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Create a decision tree classifier object then  create a  <code>GridSearchCV</code> object  <code>tree_cv</code> with cv = 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "parameters = {'criterion': ['gini', 'entropy'],\n     'splitter': ['best', 'random'],\n     'max_depth': [2*n for n in range(1,10)],\n     'max_features': ['auto', 'sqrt'],\n     'min_samples_leaf': [1, 2, 4],\n     'min_samples_split': [2, 5, 10]}\n\ntree = DecisionTreeClassifier()",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\n\n# Define the parameters for the decision tree classifier\nparameters = {\n    'criterion': ['gini', 'entropy'],\n    'splitter': ['best', 'random'],\n    'max_depth': [2*n for n in range(1, 10)],\n    'max_features': ['auto', 'sqrt'],\n    'min_samples_leaf': [1, 2, 4],\n    'min_samples_split': [2, 5, 10]\n}\n\n# Create a decision tree classifier object\ntree = DecisionTreeClassifier()\n\n# Create a GridSearchCV object with cv = 10\ntree_cv = GridSearchCV(tree, parameters, cv=10)\n\n# Fit the GridSearchCV object to find the best parameters\ntree_cv.fit(X_train, Y_train)\n\n# Print the best parameters and accuracy\nprint(\"Tuned hyperparameters (best parameters):\", tree_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"Accuracy:\", tree_cv.best_score_)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Tuned hyperparameters (best parameters): {'criterion': 'gini', 'max_depth': 4, 'max_features': 'auto', 'min_samples_leaf': 1, 'min_samples_split': 2, 'splitter': 'best'}\nAccuracy: 0.8892857142857145\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",tree_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"accuracy :\",tree_cv.best_score_)",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  9\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Calculate the accuracy of tree_cv on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "# Calculate the accuracy of tree_cv on the test data using the method score\ntest_accuracy = tree_cv.score(X_test, Y_test)\nprint(\"Accuracy on test data:\", test_accuracy)\n\n# Plot the confusion matrix\nyhat = tree_cv.predict(X_test)\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test, yhat)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 21,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Accuracy on test data: 0.8333333333333334\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix\n\ndef plot_confusion_matrix(y, y_predict):\n    \"This function calculates and returns the confusion matrix\"\n    cm = confusion_matrix(y, y_predict)\n    return cm\n\n# Calculate the confusion matrix\nconf_matrix = plot_confusion_matrix(Y_test, yhat)\nprint(\"Confusion Matrix:\")\nprint(conf_matrix)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 23,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Confusion Matrix:\n[[ 3  3]\n [ 0 12]]\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "We can plot the confusion matrix\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "yhat = svm_cv.predict(X_test)\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 22,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  10\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Create a k nearest neighbors object then  create a  <code>GridSearchCV</code> object  <code>knn_cv</code> with cv = 10.  Fit the object to find the best parameters from the dictionary <code>parameters</code>.\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "parameters = {'n_neighbors': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],\n              'algorithm': ['auto', 'ball_tree', 'kd_tree', 'brute'],\n              'p': [1,2]}\n\nKNN = KNeighborsClassifier()",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\nfrom sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier\n\n# Create a k-nearest neighbors object\nKNN = KNeighborsClassifier()\n\n# Define the parameters for the GridSearchCV\nparameters = {\n    'n_neighbors': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],\n    'algorithm': ['auto', 'ball_tree', 'kd_tree', 'brute'],\n    'p': [1, 2]\n}\n\n# Create a GridSearchCV object with cross-validation (cv) set to 10\nknn_cv = GridSearchCV(KNN, parameters, cv=10)\n\n# Fit the GridSearchCV object to find the best parameters\nknn_cv.fit(X_train, Y_train)\n\n# Print the best parameters and the best score\nprint(\"Tuned Hyperparameters (Best Parameters): \", knn_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"Accuracy: \", knn_cv.best_score_)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 25,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Tuned Hyperparameters (Best Parameters):  {'algorithm': 'auto', 'n_neighbors': 10, 'p': 1}\nAccuracy:  0.8482142857142858\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "print(\"tuned hpyerparameters :(best parameters) \",knn_cv.best_params_)\nprint(\"accuracy :\",knn_cv.best_score_)",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  11\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Calculate the accuracy of tree_cv on the test data using the method <code>score</code>:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "# Calculate the accuracy of knn_cv on the test data using the method score\naccuracy = knn_cv.score(X_test, Y_test)\nprint(\"Accuracy on Test Data:\", accuracy)\n\n# Predict the labels for the test data\nyhat = knn_cv.predict(X_test)\n\n# Plot the confusion matrix\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test, yhat)\n",
      "metadata": {
        "trusted": true
      },
      "execution_count": 26,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": "Accuracy on Test Data: 0.8333333333333334\n",
          "output_type": "stream"
        },
        {
          "execution_count": 26,
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": "array([[ 3,  3],\n       [ 0, 12]], dtype=int64)"
          },
          "metadata": {}
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "We can plot the confusion matrix\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "yhat = knn_cv.predict(X_test)\nplot_confusion_matrix(Y_test,yhat)",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## TASK  12\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "Find the method performs best:\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": "",
      "metadata": {},
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## Authors\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "[Pratiksha Verma](https://www.linkedin.com/in/pratiksha-verma-6487561b1/?utm_medium=Exinfluencer&utm_source=Exinfluencer&utm_content=000026UJ&utm_term=10006555&utm_id=NA-SkillsNetwork-Channel-SkillsNetworkCoursesIBMDS0321ENSkillsNetwork865-2022-01-01)\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "## Change Log\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "| Date (YYYY-MM-DD) | Version | Changed By      | Change Description      |\n| ----------------- | ------- | -------------   | ----------------------- |\n| 2022-11-09        | 1.0     | Pratiksha Verma | Converted initial version to Jupyterlite|\n",
      "metadata": {}
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": "### <h3 align=\"center\"> IBM Corporation 2022. All rights reserved. <h3/>\n",
      "metadata": {}
    }
  ]
}