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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Web Accessibility | Girl Develop It</title>
<meta name="description" content="This is the Girl Develop It Web Accessibility curriculum. It was developed by Sylvia Richardson.
This course is meant to be taught as a single two-hour workshop. The primary slides are designed for maximum presentability--one picture, one sentence. The vertical slides contain speaker notes, to make the slides more useful as a shared resource.
Each of the slides is customizable according to the needs of a given class or audience. The GitHub repository contains an Instructor Guide, with further information about the course.">
<meta name="author" content="Girl Develop It">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal/css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal/css/theme/gdilight.css" id="theme">
<!-- For syntax highlighting -->
<!-- light editor<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/light.css">-->
<!-- dark editor--><link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal/lib/css/dark.css">
<!-- If use the PDF print sheet so students can print slides-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal/css/print/pdf.css" type="text/css" media="print">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<!-- Opening Screen -->
<section>
<img src = "img/gdi_logo_badge.png" alt="gdi logo">
<h1 id="slide1">Web Accessibility</h1>
</section>
<!-- Welcome-->
<section>
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<div class = "left-align">
<p>Girl Develop It is here to provide affordable and accessible programs to learn software through mentorship and hands-on instruction.</p>
<p class ="green">Some "rules"</p>
<ul>
<li>We are here for you!</li>
<li>Every question is important</li>
<li>Help each other</li>
<li>Have fun</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Meet Your Instructor</h3>
<h4>Aisha Blake</h4>
<div class="left" style="width: 75%; font-size: 70%; line-height: 1.2em;">
<ul>
<li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Graduated in May of 2013 from Fordham University with a B.S. in Information Science.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Served one year as a Jesuit Volunteer at Detroit Cristo Rey High School.
<li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Taught web design and robotics as a <a href="https://www.mcwt.org/GET-IT_Program_184.html">GET-IT</a> advisor.</li>
<li>A very dedicated dog person.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Twitter: <a href="http://www.twitter.com/AishaBlake">@AishaBlake</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 10px;">E-mail: <a href="mailto:aisha@girldevelopit.com">aisha@girldevelopit.com</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right" style="width:25%">
<img src="img/avatar.jpg"/>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Introductions</h3>
<div class = "left-align">
<p class = "blue">Tell us about yourself.</p>
<ul>
<li>Tell us a little about yourself.</li>
<li>What do you hope to get out of the class?</li>
<li>What's your go-to karaoke song? <span class="green">(Bonus points if you sing a few lines!)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Intro: What is Accessibility?-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Who can use your sites?</h3>
<img src="img/noaccess.jpg" alt="'No Access' sign on fence"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/bobthelomond/1043205025/" target="_blank">bob the lomond</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What is accessibility?</h3>
<ul>
<li>Accessibility is about making your sites useful to as many people as possible.</li>
<li>Accessibility is about overcoming barriers.</li>
<li>Accessibility is about helping your users.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Why worry?</h3>
<img src="img/why.jpg" alt="Why?"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/emagic/56206868/" target="_blank">e-magic</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/accessdogs.jpg" alt="Dogs outside door, captioned 'We R UR community, beggin fer access'"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/circulating/997909242/" target="_blank">circulating</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Why make your sites accessible?</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Expand your potential audience! 54 million people in the US have a disability, 1.8 million are unable to see printed words, and 16.1 million have a cognitive or mental illness that impedes daily functioning (<a href="http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb10-ff13.html" target="_blank">source</a>).</li>
<li class="fragment">Internet access is so much a part of our daily interaction with the world.</li>
<li class="fragment">Be in compliance with legal guidelines, like Section 504 and <a href="http://www.section508.gov">508</a>.</li>
<li class="fragment">Avoid <a href="http://accessibletech.org/access_articles/legal/courtCases.php" target ="_blank">potential lawsuits.</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Accessibility is for everyone!</h3>
<img src="img/curbcut.jpg" alt="Curb cut on sidewalk"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/firelizard5/8479806007/">Sylvia Richardson</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Benefits of Accessibility</h3>
<ul>
<li>Curb cuts were designed for wheelchairs, but others use them. Similarly, accessibility features end up helping everyone.</li>
<li>Many times, designing for accessibilty will lead to clear, semantic code. Another win-win!</li>
<li>Accessibility features, like good alt text, can improve your search engine placement.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>What are barriers to access?</h3>
<img src="img/barrier.jpg" alt="Traffic barriers"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/apoptotic/4299922931/" target ="_blank">sciencesque</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/" target = "_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Types of Disability</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Visual disabilities: blind or low-vision, color blind, tunnel vision</li>
<li class="fragment">Hearing disabilities: deaf or hard-of-hearing</li>
<li class="fragment">Physical disabilities: MS, paraplegic/quadriplegic, epilepsy, tremors</li>
<li class="fragment">Cognitive disabilities: dyslexia, low literacy, learning disabilities</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<!-- How To-->
<!-- Working with Screen readers-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Visual disabilities</h3>
<img src="img/goal.jpg" alt="three goalball players with the ball"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.aishablake.com" target ="_blank">Aisha Blake</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/" target ="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's try it</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Access the Web Developer Toolbar</li>
<li class="fragment">Navigate to your favorite website</li>
<li class="fragment">Hide images and styles</li>
<li class="fragment">Does the content still make sense?</li>
<li class="fragment">How could it be improved?</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h3>Provide an alternate path</h3>
<img src="img/anotherpath.jpg" alt="Signs pointing to handicap-accessible routes"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/lng0004/7093675431/" target ="_blank">Linh H. Nguyen</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/" target ="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Alt text</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Image tags require the "alt" attribute to validate.</li>
<li class="fragment">Alternate text describes pictorial content in words.</li>
<li class="fragment">Pay attention to context.</li>
<li class="fragment">Describe the <em>function</em>, not the content.</li>
<li class="fragment">If an image is purely decorative, use "" to instruct a screen reader to skip it.</li>
<li class="fragment">Instead of using "longdesc", provide a caption or link.</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>
<p><img src="location" alt="brief description"></p>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Other tips for screen readers</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Tables can be hard to navigate, especially if you use merged cells. Use them for tabular data ONLY.</li>
<li class="fragment">Use skipnav links so users don't have to listen to the same navgation links over and over again.</li>
<li class="fragment">Keep in mind that many users are switching to touch-screen based readers like <a href="http://www.apple.com/accessibility/iphone/vision.html" target="_blank">VoiceOver</a>.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Other visual disabilities-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Use color wisely</h3>
<img src="img/colorwheel.jpg" alt="Colorwheel of crayons"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/guzzphoto/8443150658/" target="_blank">guzzphoto</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Provide contrast</h3>
<img src="img/contrast.jpg" alt="Crosswalk with contrasting colors"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/antifluor/2074560932/" target="_blank">antifluor</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Provide good captions</h3>
<img src="img/in_ur_reality.png" alt="Stick figure attaching captions to cats. Dialog- Man: Oh hi; I'm here from the internet; Man 2: What are you doing!?; Man: Gluing captions to your cats."/>
<p class="credit">Credit: <a href="http://xkcd.com/262/" target="_blank">Randall Munroe</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Other visual disabilities</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">If you use color to indicate something, also use another indicator. For example, underline links on hover or mark a required field with an asterisk.</li>
<li class="fragment">Red/green color blindness is the most common, so avoid green on red.</li>
<li class="fragment">Have a <em>minimum</em> contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. (<a href="http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/" target="_blank">Checker</a>)</li>
<li class="fragment">Try zooming in on your designs to see how they look when enlarged. It is a good idea to use ems instead of pixels when you can.</li>
<li class="fragment">You can use <a href="http://www.spurapp.com/">Spur</a> to check your web pages' accessibility.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Hearing disabilities-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Dealing with Hearing Disabilities</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Most deaf or hard-of-hearing people have limited difficulty with web accessibility.</li>
<li class="fragment">Provide captions or transcripts for multimedia elements.</li>
<li class="fragment">Don't rely on sounds to convey information, like an "alert" noise. Even hearing users often have their computers muted.</li>
<li class="fragment">Be especially careful if your site targets older users, as hearing loss is common.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Did you know...?</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">You can <a href="https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734796?hl=en">add subtitles and captions</a> to your YouTube videos.</li>
<li class="fragment">YouTube also offers automatic transcription.</li>
<li class="fragment">It's important to set default audio levels to appropriate and consistent values throughout your site.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Physical disabilities-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Mice are Scary</h3>
<img src="img/stormtroopermouse.jpg" alt="Two stormtrooper figurines jumping away from a plastic mouse"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/st3f4n/4286044406/" target="_blank">Stéfan</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Dealing with Physical Disabilities</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Many users with limited mobility interact with the screen via keyboard.</li>
<li class="fragment">Other users use a mouse, but have trouble with fine motor control.</li>
<li class="fragment">Make clickable elements large, and put space between them.</li>
<li class="fragment">Avoid clickable page elements that move.</li>
<li class="fragment">Animations with rapid flickers are not only annoying, they can trigger epileptic seizures.</li>
<li class="fragment">These guidelines also help children and touchscreen users!</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Cognitive disabilities-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Don't overwhelm</h3>
<img src="img/toomanysigns.jpg" alt="Sign post with multiple signs"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2402598275/" target="_blank">Thomas Hawk</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Provide plenty of time</h3>
<img src="img/clock.jpg" alt="Alarm clock"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/beth19/4721798240/" target="_blank">Bethan</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>CAPTCHAs don't just catch robots</h3>
<img src="img/confusedrobot.jpg" alt="Confused robot"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/baboon/3946055/" target="_blank">baboon</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Dealing with cognitive disabilities</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Unfortunately, there is not a lot of research in this area.</li>
<li class="fragment">Minimize cognitive load--don't overwhelm the user.</li>
<li class="fragment">Use common icons to mark important tasks.</li>
<li class="fragment">If you have timed content (forms, image galleries, etc.) allow users to control or extend time.</li>
<li class="fragment">CAPTCHAs aren't blind-friendly, are very difficult for users with learning disabilities like dyslexia, and annoy everyone. Consider <a href="http://webaim.org/blog/spam_free_accessible_forms/" target="_blank">an alternative method</a>.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/captcha.png" alt="Screenshot of a Captcha"/>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Final slides-->
<section>
<section>
<h3>Let's develop it!</h3>
<p>Break out those project files and see what you can do to make them more universally accessible! Feel free to add or change content while you try out different techniques.</p>
<a href="access-proj.zip" target="_blank">Project Files</a>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Show your users some love!</h3>
<img src="img/handicappedlove.jpg" alt="Disabled parking symbol with a heart"/>
<p class="credit">Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/samfelder/115576714/" target="_blank">Sam Felder</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Resources</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://shop.smashingmagazine.com/products/apps-for-all">Apps For All</a>, a book written by Heydon Pickering which provides specific strategies for making our sites accessible.</li>
<li><a href="http://wave.webaim.org/toolbar/" target="_blank">WAVE toolbar</a>, a firefox extension that does in-browser checks.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nvda-project.org/" target="_blank">NonVisual Desktop Access (NVDA)</a>,a free and open source screen reader for Windows.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/" target="_blank">W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).</a></li>
<li><a href="http://webaim.org/" target="_blank">WebAIM</a>, an accessibility-focused organization with great information.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.webaxe.org" target="_blank">Web Axe</a>, a blog and podcast on accessibility.</li>
<li><a href="http://mcdlr.com/wai-aria-cheatsheet/" target="_blank">WAI-ARIA Landmark Roles Cheatsheet</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Upcoming Workshops</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Girl-Develop-It-Detroit/events/227918348/">Code & Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Girl-Develop-It-Detroit/events/228285685/">Intro to HTML & CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Girl-Develop-It-Detroit/events/228284750/">Intro to JavaScript</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Girl-Develop-It-Detroit/events/228110522/">Teacher Training</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.meetup.com/Girl-Develop-It-Detroit/events/228285603/">Intro to Search Engine Optimization</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<div class="copyright">
Web Accessibility ~ Girl Develop It ~
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