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无线网络(wifi)配置

Linux中有多种方式配置网络(每种之间都是冲突的,所以只能选择一种)

  • wpa_supplicant 使用客户端程序wpa_cli来和wpa_supplicant服务程序交互
  • NetworkManager 使用客户端程序nmcli来和NetworkManager服务程序交互

查询系统中wlan0使用的驱动是哪一个

ls -l /sys/class/net/wlan0/device/driver

/sys/class/net/wlan0/device/driver -> ../../../../../../../bus/usb/drivers/rtl88x2cu

ls -l /sys/class/net/usb0/device/driver (4G网络模块)

/sys/class/net/usb0/device/driver -> ../../../../../../../bus/usb/drivers/GobiNet

使用 wireless-tools 查询wifi连接情况

iwconfig [wlan0]
iwlist [wlan0] scanning

使用wpa_supplicant配置方法

只需要在rc-update里关闭NetworkManager(如果默认有启动的话)

/etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop

假设无线网卡名为wlan0

cd /etc/init.d
ln -s net.lo net.wlan0

添加如下代码到/etc/con.d/net 中才能自动获取IP地址

modules_wlan0="wpa_supplicant"
config_wlan0="dhcp"

添加如下配置到/etc/conf.d/wpa_supplicant 中

wpa_supplicant_args="-B -M -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf"

设置权限(限制查看wifi密码)

chmod 600 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

配置/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 文件

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=users
update_config=1
network={
	ssid="ap_ssid_name"
	bssid=94:d9:b3:a4:01:de
	psk="aka_wifi_passwd"
}

使用wpa_cli来连接

wpa_cli add_network
wpa_cli set_network 0 ssid "ap_ssid_name"
wpa_cli set_network 0 psk "aka_wifi_passwd"
wpa_cli enable_network 0
wpa_cli select_network 0
wpa_cli save_config

开机启动wpa_supplicant

rc-update add wpa_supplicant default

手动开启和关闭wpa_supplicant

/etc/init.d/wpa_supplicant <start | stop | restart>
或
rc-service wpa_supplicant <start | stop | restart>

使用NetworkManager方法

查询当前wifi热点

nmcli device wifi list

连接ssid+password的wifi热点,并取名为MyWifiConnected

sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager start
sudo nmcli device wifi connect <SSID> password <PASSWD> name MyWifiConnected

显示连接的ap或热点的秘密并显示二维码

nmcli device wifi show-password

显示当前连接情况

nmcli connection show
nmcli connection up MyWifiConnected
nmcli connection down MyWifiConnected

删除这个连接

nmcli connection delete MyWifiConnected

连接需要用户名和密码的ap(参考连接)

先设置对应的信息

export WIFI_USER_NAME="your-user-name"
export WIFI_PASSWORD="your-password"
export WIFI_CON_ID='your-connection-one'
export WIFI_SSID='your-ap-ssid'

建立连接(会在/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections目录下生成对应的配置文件)

nmcli connection add \
	type wifi \
	con-name $WIFI_CON_ID \
	ifname wlan0 \
	ssid $WIFI_SSID \
	-- \
	wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-eap \
	802-1x.eap peap \
	802-1x.phase2-auth mschapv2 \
	802-1x.identity $WIFI_USER_NAME \
	802-1x.password $WIFI_PASSWORD

启动/关闭连接

nmcli connection up id $WIFI_CON_ID
nmcli connection down id $WIFI_CON_ID

删除连接

nmcli connection delete id $WIFI_CON_ID

使用nmcli创建热点

create a hotspot

nmcli con add type wifi ifname wlp0s20f3 \
	con-name myhotspot autoconnect yes ssid myhotspot \
	802-11-wireless.mode ap 802-11-wireless.band bg \
	ipv4.method shared wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-psk \
	802-11-wireless-security.pmf 1 \
	wifi-sec.psk "12345678"
nmcli con up myhotspot
nmcli device wifi show-password

共享wifi网络给有线网络

主机A通过wifi能够上网(主机B没有无线网卡,想通过有线连接到主机A后也能上网)

通过在A上配置路由转发将eth0上的数据转发到wlan0从而让B能使用有线上网

+---------------------+
|     A       		  |
|              wlan0  |-----------> Internet
|                ^    |
|                |    |
|                |    |
| 192.168.2.101 eth0  +--<--+
+---------------------+     |
					        |
+----------------------+    ^
|     B                |    |
|                      |    |
| 192.168.2.102  eth0  +->--+
+----------------------+

在A主机上设置如下

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -F
iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE

在B主机上设置如下路由

route add -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw <主机A的eth0 ip>

比如这里如下

route add -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw 192.168.2.101

此时在B上就能通过eth0来上网了

ping 8.8.8.8 -I eth0