Heart Disease Prediction.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b9440ecf-8a23-4b2c-ab46-c3a9954c4c18",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# importing the dependencies"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "3b505723-7bcc-475f-954a-ee3ca72c0535",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "74192217-9db2-477b-8607-757d715761ff",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# data collection and processing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "d9e00695-0dea-471a-afca-244e28137327",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# loading the csv data to a Pandas DataFrame\n",
    "# https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/johnsmith88/heart-disease-dataset?resource=download"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "15cf601f-3ef9-4f5e-8d94-d8e530bb4946",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "heart_data = pd.read_csv('heart.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "a0d04805-5a09-4bae-9b6a-a6cc04bf983b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# print first 5 rows of the dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "364003f4-0e31-4031-a87b-0b9abd1d7b1f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
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       "      <th>trestbps</th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
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       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>212</td>\n",
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       "      <td>168</td>\n",
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
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       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>203</td>\n",
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       "      <td>155</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>145</td>\n",
       "      <td>174</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3</th>\n",
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       "      <td>148</td>\n",
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       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>62</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>138</td>\n",
       "      <td>294</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>106</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "   age  sex  cp  trestbps  chol  fbs  restecg  thalach  exang  oldpeak  slope  \\\n",
       "0   52    1   0       125   212    0        1      168      0      1.0      2   \n",
       "1   53    1   0       140   203    1        0      155      1      3.1      0   \n",
       "2   70    1   0       145   174    0        1      125      1      2.6      0   \n",
       "3   61    1   0       148   203    0        1      161      0      0.0      2   \n",
       "4   62    0   0       138   294    1        1      106      0      1.9      1   \n",
       "\n",
       "   ca  thal  target  \n",
       "0   2     3       0  \n",
       "1   0     3       0  \n",
       "2   0     3       0  \n",
       "3   1     3       0  \n",
       "4   3     2       0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "091e6bb3-c51e-412f-bb43-3984116348ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# print last 5 rows of the dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "6a039691-dcfe-4521-b1cb-c7670fdbf659",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
       "      <th>cp</th>\n",
       "      <th>trestbps</th>\n",
       "      <th>chol</th>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>118</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>159</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>113</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "      age  sex  cp  trestbps  chol  fbs  restecg  thalach  exang  oldpeak  \\\n",
       "1020   59    1   1       140   221    0        1      164      1      0.0   \n",
       "1021   60    1   0       125   258    0        0      141      1      2.8   \n",
       "1022   47    1   0       110   275    0        0      118      1      1.0   \n",
       "1023   50    0   0       110   254    0        0      159      0      0.0   \n",
       "1024   54    1   0       120   188    0        1      113      0      1.4   \n",
       "\n",
       "      slope  ca  thal  target  \n",
       "1020      2   0     2       1  \n",
       "1021      1   1     3       0  \n",
       "1022      1   1     2       0  \n",
       "1023      2   0     2       1  \n",
       "1024      1   1     3       0  "
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     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data.tail()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "013db453-0278-43af-abde-8e853b8d872a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# no. of rows and columns in the dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "b455d920-be41-4ec1-b4d9-ebc4c95b58de",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1025, 14)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "418cbe06-9b14-4ad1-8540-1e27a74d541f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# getting some info about the data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "ed6cecbb-a136-437b-9d7c-58cae9abfa8c",
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 1025 entries, 0 to 1024\n",
      "Data columns (total 14 columns):\n",
      " #   Column    Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------    --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   age       1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 1   sex       1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 2   cp        1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 3   trestbps  1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 4   chol      1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 5   fbs       1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 6   restecg   1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 7   thalach   1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 8   exang     1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 9   oldpeak   1025 non-null   float64\n",
      " 10  slope     1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 11  ca        1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 12  thal      1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 13  target    1025 non-null   int64  \n",
      "dtypes: float64(1), int64(13)\n",
      "memory usage: 112.2 KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "0302e5c8-7a37-4359-8c0f-ca264bc01159",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# checking for missing values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "660b8469-2635-4e37-a24f-af60825d0173",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "age         0\n",
       "sex         0\n",
       "cp          0\n",
       "trestbps    0\n",
       "chol        0\n",
       "fbs         0\n",
       "restecg     0\n",
       "thalach     0\n",
       "exang       0\n",
       "oldpeak     0\n",
       "slope       0\n",
       "ca          0\n",
       "thal        0\n",
       "target      0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "20a60b97-32e8-47cd-8f2c-66dc379d08a2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# statistical measures about the data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "af40e08d-d017-4724-95b4-5508062094e9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
       "      <th>cp</th>\n",
       "      <th>trestbps</th>\n",
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       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.00000</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1025.000000</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
       "      <td>54.434146</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.695610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.942439</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.611707</td>\n",
       "      <td>246.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.149268</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.529756</td>\n",
       "      <td>149.114146</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.336585</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.071512</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.385366</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.754146</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.323902</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.513171</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>std</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.072290</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.460373</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.029641</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.516718</td>\n",
       "      <td>51.59251</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.356527</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.527878</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.005724</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.472772</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.175053</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.617755</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.030798</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.620660</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.500070</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>min</th>\n",
       "      <td>29.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>126.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25%</th>\n",
       "      <td>48.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>120.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>211.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50%</th>\n",
       "      <td>56.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>240.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>152.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.800000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75%</th>\n",
       "      <td>61.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>140.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>275.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.800000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>max</th>\n",
       "      <td>77.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>200.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>564.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>202.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.200000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               age          sex           cp     trestbps        chol  \\\n",
       "count  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.00000   \n",
       "mean     54.434146     0.695610     0.942439   131.611707   246.00000   \n",
       "std       9.072290     0.460373     1.029641    17.516718    51.59251   \n",
       "min      29.000000     0.000000     0.000000    94.000000   126.00000   \n",
       "25%      48.000000     0.000000     0.000000   120.000000   211.00000   \n",
       "50%      56.000000     1.000000     1.000000   130.000000   240.00000   \n",
       "75%      61.000000     1.000000     2.000000   140.000000   275.00000   \n",
       "max      77.000000     1.000000     3.000000   200.000000   564.00000   \n",
       "\n",
       "               fbs      restecg      thalach        exang      oldpeak  \\\n",
       "count  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000   \n",
       "mean      0.149268     0.529756   149.114146     0.336585     1.071512   \n",
       "std       0.356527     0.527878    23.005724     0.472772     1.175053   \n",
       "min       0.000000     0.000000    71.000000     0.000000     0.000000   \n",
       "25%       0.000000     0.000000   132.000000     0.000000     0.000000   \n",
       "50%       0.000000     1.000000   152.000000     0.000000     0.800000   \n",
       "75%       0.000000     1.000000   166.000000     1.000000     1.800000   \n",
       "max       1.000000     2.000000   202.000000     1.000000     6.200000   \n",
       "\n",
       "             slope           ca         thal       target  \n",
       "count  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000  1025.000000  \n",
       "mean      1.385366     0.754146     2.323902     0.513171  \n",
       "std       0.617755     1.030798     0.620660     0.500070  \n",
       "min       0.000000     0.000000     0.000000     0.000000  \n",
       "25%       1.000000     0.000000     2.000000     0.000000  \n",
       "50%       1.000000     0.000000     2.000000     1.000000  \n",
       "75%       2.000000     1.000000     3.000000     1.000000  \n",
       "max       2.000000     4.000000     3.000000     1.000000  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "615bb34f-6cbe-4983-83e9-97ec23beafee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# checking the distribution of Target Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "6b774b44-8207-4f7c-a1b6-910e895f9729",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "target\n",
       "1    526\n",
       "0    499\n",
       "Name: count, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "heart_data['target'].value_counts()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "4803c68b-9f92-49d3-bef7-607cb16a577e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 1 => Defective Heart\n",
    "# 0 => Healthy Heart"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "5ca3fb2e-cfed-4866-80d0-ec1bcdb12ba2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# splitting the feature and target\n",
    "# here features are other column and target are target column"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "28b7ee93-2ba3-4188-b786-c2bb583a624e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X = heart_data.drop(columns='target', axis=1)\n",
    "Y = heart_data['target']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "20a39abb-ac53-4f35-a434-34d144a33660",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "      age  sex  cp  trestbps  chol  fbs  restecg  thalach  exang  oldpeak  \\\n",
      "0      52    1   0       125   212    0        1      168      0      1.0   \n",
      "1      53    1   0       140   203    1        0      155      1      3.1   \n",
      "2      70    1   0       145   174    0        1      125      1      2.6   \n",
      "3      61    1   0       148   203    0        1      161      0      0.0   \n",
      "4      62    0   0       138   294    1        1      106      0      1.9   \n",
      "...   ...  ...  ..       ...   ...  ...      ...      ...    ...      ...   \n",
      "1020   59    1   1       140   221    0        1      164      1      0.0   \n",
      "1021   60    1   0       125   258    0        0      141      1      2.8   \n",
      "1022   47    1   0       110   275    0        0      118      1      1.0   \n",
      "1023   50    0   0       110   254    0        0      159      0      0.0   \n",
      "1024   54    1   0       120   188    0        1      113      0      1.4   \n",
      "\n",
      "      slope  ca  thal  \n",
      "0         2   2     3  \n",
      "1         0   0     3  \n",
      "2         0   0     3  \n",
      "3         2   1     3  \n",
      "4         1   3     2  \n",
      "...     ...  ..   ...  \n",
      "1020      2   0     2  \n",
      "1021      1   1     3  \n",
      "1022      1   1     2  \n",
      "1023      2   0     2  \n",
      "1024      1   1     3  \n",
      "\n",
      "[1025 rows x 13 columns]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(X)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "6531df0f-0da9-497d-b4b2-502a0339a968",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0       0\n",
      "1       0\n",
      "2       0\n",
      "3       0\n",
      "4       0\n",
      "       ..\n",
      "1020    1\n",
      "1021    0\n",
      "1022    0\n",
      "1023    1\n",
      "1024    0\n",
      "Name: target, Length: 1025, dtype: int64\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(Y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "8c0f5166-48c6-4117-b740-4490ccdd4fe6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Splitting the Data into Training data and Test data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "ef92f472-978b-42d9-8a72-2f97b9facbc2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.2, stratify=Y, random_state=2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "f07cb666-2d5d-4171-bed1-d8bb383ecf93",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1025, 13) (820, 13) (205, 13)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(X.shape, X_train.shape, X_test.shape)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "af522bd8-c4cb-491c-a796-c749d33b9955",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Model training\n",
    "# Logistic Regression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "703e3a5e-9426-4e6e-8ef0-29a9150fd7bb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "model = LogisticRegression()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "d8503ccb-529c-4aed-ba92-ec0746f0bedd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# training the LogisticRegression model with Training data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "6fdf24af-f137-4c26-92d3-4ea7fb904e62",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:469: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):\n",
      "STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.\n",
      "\n",
      "Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:\n",
      "    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html\n",
      "Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:\n",
      "    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression\n",
      "  n_iter_i = _check_optimize_result(\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-1 {\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text: black;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
       "\n",
       "  /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
       "\n",
       "  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
       "    /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 pre {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
       "  border: 0;\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
       "  height: 1px;\n",
       "  margin: -1px;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  position: absolute;\n",
       "  width: 1px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
       "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
       "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-container {\n",
       "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
       "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
       "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
       "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
       "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
       "div.sk-serial,\n",
       "div.sk-item {\n",
       "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
       "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
       "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
       "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "  background-position: center center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
       "  content: \"\";\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  align-items: stretch;\n",
       "  justify-content: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
       "  width: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "  align-items: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
       "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
       "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
       "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
       "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
       "*/\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
       "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
       "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable label */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
       "  content: \"▸\";\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  max-height: 0;\n",
       "  max-width: 0;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-align: left;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
       "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
       "  max-height: 200px;\n",
       "  max-width: 100%;\n",
       "  overflow: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  content: \"▾\";\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator label */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label-container {\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* on hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: smaller;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1em;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
       "  margin-left: 1ex;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  z-index: 9999;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  right: .2ex;\n",
       "  padding: .5ex;\n",
       "  margin: .5ex;\n",
       "  width: min-content;\n",
       "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
       "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
       "  height: 1rem;\n",
       "  width: 1rem;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-1\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\">&nbsp;&nbsp;LogisticRegression<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.5/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html\">?<span>Documentation for LogisticRegression</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre></div> </div></div></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "LogisticRegression()"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.fit(X_train, Y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ea54d681-2a78-4076-b539-010a07ed44f2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Model Evaluation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0f739829-30cc-48bb-863b-578f60c56086",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Accuracy Score"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "f7dc87dc-18b8-4cef-a717-c8e731ea8b66",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# accuracy on training data\n",
    "# more than 75% accuracy is good "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "292a63b8-6e69-4925-9e2a-e5dfa2f6bc55",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X_train_prediction = model.predict(X_train)\n",
    "training_data_accuracy = accuracy_score(X_train_prediction, Y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "68794604-3233-4cab-a936-52f3900e4a1c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Accuracy on Training data :  0.8524390243902439\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Accuracy on Training data : ', training_data_accuracy)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "f9b0272b-cab7-4d34-94ba-e0c2bc202fe8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X_test_prediction = model.predict(X_test)\n",
    "test_data_accuracy = accuracy_score(X_test_prediction, Y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "afa0bb77-95d0-4567-b4de-8192e7b4012e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Accuracy on Test data :  0.8048780487804879\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Accuracy on Test data : ', test_data_accuracy)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "014f1ace-a910-4c9e-8393-314ba890b58c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# the accuracy of the traing data and test data should be almost similar to each other, if accuracy of trainging data and test data is way far from each other and accuracy score which is score on test data is very small, then model is over fitted\n",
    "# No over fit issue here"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0d01ce3b-31f9-43d6-80c3-609f2e6f6a41",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Building a predictive system"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "69bf7957-4e96-4992-a1de-ce70aa01109b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "input_data = (43,0,0,132,341,1,0,136,1,3,1,0,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "3e7d2a7c-0c2e-42eb-aa38-e04b4eb802a9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# change the input data to a numpy array\n",
    "# asarray will chane the input_data to numpy array\n",
    "input_data_as_numpy_array = np.asarray(input_data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "3feb04dc-fca0-4093-8610-01382c22c84f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# reshape the numpy array as we are predicting for only one instance\n",
    "input_data_reshaped = input_data_as_numpy_array.reshape(1, -1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "9e65fb62-fb63-477e-8d0b-9ecd5323417c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0]\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/sklearn/base.py:493: UserWarning: X does not have valid feature names, but LogisticRegression was fitted with feature names\n",
      "  warnings.warn(\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "prediction = model.predict(input_data_reshaped)\n",
    "print(prediction)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "f31ef687-0d3f-404b-a5de-25b06432dead",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Person does not have a Heart Disease\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if (prediction[0] == 0):\n",
    "    print('The Person does not have a Heart Disease')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('The Person has Heart Disease')"
   ]
  }
 ],
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